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Glucuronolactones crystal structure has been studied.
Glucuronolactone is white crystal or white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone is soluble in water, some of it turns into glucuronic acid, the solution is acidic, slightly soluble in ethanol and methanol.
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
Molecular Formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.12
EINECS Number: 251-053-3
Synonyms: 32449-92-6, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, glucuronolactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronolactone, GLUCUROLACTONE, D-Glucurone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, Guronsan (VAN), Glucurolactona, Glucurolactonum, Glucuronolattone, Glucurolactone [INN], Glucuronosan, Guronsan, Glucuronolactone (VAN), Glucuronolactone [JAN], Glucuronolattone [DCIT], gamma-Glukurolakton, D-Glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, NSC 656, gamma-Glukurolakton [Czech], Glucurolactonum [INN-Latin], Dicurone, Glucuron, Gluronsan, Glucoxy, Glucurolactona [INN-Spanish], Glucuronic acid lactone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone (VAN), EINECS 251-053-3, Guronsan (TN), BRN 0083595, Glucurolactone (INN), D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, Glucuronolactone (JAN), XE4Y3016M9, Reulatt S.S., Glucurolactone [INN:DCF], GLUCUROLACTONE [MART.], D-GLUCURONOLACTONE [MI], GLUCUROLACTONE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:18268, D-glucofuranuronate gamma-lactone, 5-18-05-00033 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, gamma-Lactone of D-glucofuranuronic acid, .GAMMA-LACTONE OF D-GLUCOFURANURONIC ACID, Glucurolactonum (INN-Latin), Glucurolactona (INN-Spanish), GLUCUROLACTONE (MART.), NSC-656, D-Glucuronic acid, .gamma.-lactone, NSC656, glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, glucuronolactones, (2R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, GLUCURONOLACTONE [INCI], CHEBI:24301, DTXCID001476953, 251-053-3, dtxcid4021844, dtxsid501018940, glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, d-, glucofuranurono-6,3-lactone, Glucurone, d(+)-glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone, MFCD00135622, (R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, 6814-06-8, Glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone, UNII-XE4Y3016M9, D-Glucuronicacid,g-lactone, SCHEMBL28793, BCP09805, HY-41982R, D-Glucuronic acid lactone (Standard), AKOS006341990, KS-1361, MG02804, MG46713, HY-41982, CS-0019952, NS00013683, C02670, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, >=99%, D01800, D70547, SBI-0654630.0001, D-Glucofuranuronic acid,gamma-lactone,1,6-13C2, Q28529701, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, analytical standard, D-Glucuronolactone;D-Glucurono-gamma-lactone;D-Glucurone, 00CE759F-D1F9-492E-89F7-B7400A34C72D, D-Glucofurano-6,3-lactone-1,6-13C2;D-Glucuronolactone-1,6-13C2, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone D-Glucuronic Acid Lactone D(+)-Glucurono-3,6-lactone D-(+)-Glucuronic acid γ-lactone Glucuronolactone;D-(+)-Glucuronolactone for synthesis;b-d-anhydroglucuronate;d-glucurono-gamma-lactone;D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone;D-Glucorono-6,3-lactone;Glucorolactone;D(+)-Glucurono-3,6-lactone SynonyM: D-Glucurone
Glucuronolactone is a carbohydrate derivative.
Glucuronolactone converted into L-ascorbic acid in animals and human body.
Its molecule contains two five-membered rings.
Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone neutralizes poisons in the liver and intestines.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks with claims that it detoxifies the body.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is a derivative of glucose, specifically formed when D-glucuronic acid undergoes an internal reaction to form a lactone, which is a cyclic ester.
It is a white, odorless crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water and is often found as a metabolite in the human body, where it plays an important role in detoxification processes.
Glucuronolactone is a molecule with the following formula: C6H8O6.
The biochemical precursor of the Glucuronolactone is the glucuronic acid which is involved in the liver metabolism and the glucuronidation process.
This process is of utmost importance to eliminate xenobiotics and other natural compounds, making them more water-soluble and thus eliminated through the kidneys or faeces (bile salts).
At physiological pH, the glucuronic acid and glucuronolactone remain in an equilibrium state.
In animals, with the exception of primates and guinea pigs, glucuronic acid is a precursor of ascorbic acid.
The main function of glucuronolactone is to enhance the detoxication function of the liver, restore or improve brain function, regulate immune function and nourish the skin, delay aging, improve hypoxia, eliminate fatigue and enhance function.
Glucuronolactone is used in acute and chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or poisoning and detoxication of food or drugs.
Glucuronolactone of glucose metabolism, that is, a type of carbohydrate formed when glucose is broken down.
Glucuronolactone provides energy to the body.
Glucuronolactone is produced synthetically and used in energy drinks.
Glucuronolactone is naturally made in our bodies when glucose metabolizes in our liver.
Glucuronolactone is also an important component of our connective tissues.
Although Glucuronolactone is produced naturally (Glucuronolactone is a part of our various tendons, ligaments and cartilage), very small amounts of Glucuronolactone are found in our bodies.
Glucuronolactone is also present in animal connective tissues, certain plants and energy drinks.
Because of its many benets, Glucuronolactone is a powerful supplement that enhances physical and mental functions of our bodies
Glucuronolactone have been heavily studied in the numerous products that contain it — particularly sports and energy drinks (x).
In many of these studies, Glucuronolactone is combined with other active ingredients like caeine and taurine.
However, Glucuronolactone still gets credit for the improvement of several bodily functions.
A water-soluble crystalline compound that is found in plant gums in polymers with other carbohydrates.
Glucuronolactone an important structural component of almost all brous and connective tissues in animals.
Glucuronolactone occurs in some of the drinks we consume.
Red wine has arguably the highest natural amount of Glucuronolactone with as much as 20 mg per liter.
Glucuronolactone is a chemical.
It can be made by the body.
It is also found in foods and made in laboratories.
Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in "energy" drinks to increase attention and improve athletic performance, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.
Glucuronolactone can be formed when glucuronic acid is degraded in subcritical water interchangeably.
Glucuronolactone in combination with caeine, beta-alanine, creatine, citrulline and taurine has a possible positive eect in improving aerobic and anaerobic performance.
Glucuronolactone is metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
The liver uses glucose to create glucuronolactone, which inhibits the enzyme B-glucuronidase (metabolizes glucuronides), which should cause blood-glucuronide levels to rise.
Glucuronides combine with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are then excreted from the body.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in applications for detoxication.
Sodium glucuronate, glucuronolactone or glucose labeled uniformly with radiocarbon was administered intravenously to dogs together with an intravenous infusion of bilirubin.
When sodium glucuronate was injected, the bile recovered in the succeeding 3 hours contained 4.16 x 10–6 and 8.33 x 10–7 of the labeled material injected per milligram bilirubin.
Recoveries after injection of labeled glucuronolactone were 4.98 x 10–5 and 7.94 x 10–5 of the administered label per milligram bilirubin excreted, and when labeled glucose was given, the fractions recovered were 3.39 x 10–4 and 4.91 x 10–4/mg bilirubin.
Radioautograms of paper chromatograms of bile showed radioactivity at the spots corresponding to bilirubin glucuronide when glucose was the labeled substrate.
Glucuronolactone or Glucurolactone (INN) is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
It is sometimes used in energy drinks.
Unfounded claims that glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog" are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as caffeine.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues
Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in energy drinks,.
Declarations that Glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog" are based on research conducted on energy drinks that active ingredients, such as Caeine, that have been shown to improve cognitive function.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
Glucuronolactone (IUPAC name = (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde) occurs body.
Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water.
Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.
The compound can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.
Glucuronolactone is a natural metabolite and carbohydrate formed when glucose is broken down.
Glucuronolactone helps to remove harmful substances from the body, gives instant energy.
Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water.
Glucuronolactones melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.
Glucuronolactone can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.
Glucuronolactone has received some notoriety due to an urban legend that it was a Vietnam War-era drug manufactured by government and since banned due to brain tumor-related deaths.
However, this claim is completely false, and the quoted British Medical Journal article does not exist.
Glucuronolactone is unknown if Glucuronolactone is safe for human consumtion due to a lack of proper human or animal tria.
However, Glucuronolactone likely has limited eects on the human body.
Furthermore research on isolated supplements of glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the Food and Drug Adm website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks Although levels of glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far ex in the rest of the diet.
Melting point: 172–175 °C (lit.)
Alpha: 19 º (c=10, H₂O)
Boiling point: 227.71 °C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.76 g/cm³
Refractive index: 18.5 ° (C=5, H₂O)
Storage temp.: Store below +30 °C
Solubility: water: soluble 25 mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
pKa: 11.96 ± 0.60 (Predicted)
Color: White
Odor: at 100.00 %, very mild mentholic
Odor Type: mentholic
Optical activity: [α]₂₄/D +18.8°, c = 8 in H₂O
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Merck: 14,4467
BRN: 83595
InChIKey: OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-IEPORWDDSA-N
LogP: -3.457 (est)
It is unknown if glucuronolactone is safe for human consumption due to a lack of proper human or animal trials.
However, it likely has limited effects on the human body.
Furthermore research on isolated supplements of glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the Food and Drug Administration website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.
Glucuronolactone is a natural metabolite and carbohydrate formed when glucose is broken down.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronola precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
Glucuronolactone is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with caeine, taurine, alcohol or the eects
The Panel also concluded, based on the data available, that additive interactions between taurine and caeine on diuretic ee
Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronola precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
Glucuronolactone is a molecule that is commonly found in energy drinks (at around 10-60mg, with variance depending on bra studies 'disassembling' the constituents of energy drinks suggest no signicant contribution towards energy.
In vitro, Glucuronolactone can be metabolized by a dehydrogenase into D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone (G14L), where D-glucuronolact metabolize into a dilactone (d-glucaro-1,4-3,6 dilactone) and then spontaneously degrade into G14L.
Glucuronolactone acid is the main urinary metabolite of the glucuronic acid pathway,which synthesizes Glucuronic Acid for the conjugation by drug metabolizing enzymes (UGT transferases).
Daily urine output of D-Glucaric Acid is approximately 30-100umol.
Glucuronolactone is a natural metabolite of glucose and regulates the formation of glycogen.
Glucuronolactone precursor, D-glucuronic acid (henceforth referred to as DGA) remains in an equilibrium state with glucuronolactone at physiological pH.
Glucuronolactone is a natural organic compound widely used as nutritional supplements in food and beverage industries.
As a nutrition supplement, D-Glucuronolactone can be used in a wide variety of industries.
Glucuronolactone dehydrogenase occurs in the non-particulate fraction of liver homogenates, and in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) converts D glucuronolactone to D-glucaric acid.
The enzyme is probably responsible for the D-glucaric acid excreted in normal mammalian urine.
Glucuronolactone's activity is conveniently measured by the specic inhibitory eect of D-glucarate, after heating at acid pH, on βglucuronidase.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound produced by the metabolism of glucose in the human liver.
Glucuronolactone is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
Glucuronolactone has received some notoriety due to urban legends that it was a Vietnam War-era drug manufactured by the American government.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is often found in the human body, particularly as a component of connective tissues.
In the commercial and pharmaceutical world, it is widely recognized for its presence in energy drinks and dietary supplements.
Trade names for glucuronolactone include popular monikers in the functional food and beverage industry, though it is not typically marketed under a plethora of brand names as a standalone product.
It is considered a type of carbohydrate and is closely related to glucose chemically.
In the body, glucuronolactone is involved in the synthesis of glucuronides, which are compounds that help the liver bind and eliminate toxins, drugs, and other waste products by making them more water-soluble so they can be excreted in urine.
This detoxification pathway is known as glucuronidation, and it is an essential part of how the body processes and removes potentially harmful substances.
Glucuronolactone is also commonly added to energy drinks and dietary supplements, where it is marketed as a substance that may help improve mental performance, reduce fatigue, and support liver function, although the scientific evidence supporting some of these claims is limited or inconclusive.
In enzymology, a glucuronolactone reductase (EC 1.1.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP+ ⇌ {displaystyle rightleftharpoons } D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-gulono-1,4-lactone and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are D-glucurono-3,6-lactone, NADPH, and H+.
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor.
The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-gulono-1,4-lactone:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase.
Other names in common use include GRase, and gulonolactone dehydrogenase this enzyme participates in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism.
Uses Of Glucuronolactone:
Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
It is utilized in the studies such as starting regent in the synthesis of 2,3,4,-tris(tert.-butyldimethysilyl) glucuronic acid trichloroethylester, required for the preparation of 1-O-acyl glucuronide of the anti-inflammatory drug ML-3000, synthesis of optically active glucopyranoses, synthesis of long-chain alkyl glucofuranosides.
In liver health and detox support, glucuronolactone is used because it serves as a metabolic precursor to glucuronic acid, which plays a central role in conjugation reactions—a process where toxic substances, drugs, or hormones are chemically bonded with glucuronic acid to form glucuronides.
These glucuronides are more water-soluble and can be easily excreted from the body via urine or bile.
For this reason, glucuronolactone is marketed in liver-support supplements aimed at promoting detoxification and metabolic waste clearance.
In energy drinks and cognitive enhancers, glucuronolactone is commonly combined with caffeine, taurine, and B-vitamins.
This combination is thought to synergistically enhance mental performance, reaction time, and stamina, especially during periods of fatigue or intense concentration.
Although scientific studies on glucuronolactone’s direct cognitive benefits are limited, its consistent inclusion in popular formulations like Red Bull and Monster Energy indicates that manufacturers believe it may help reduce feelings of tiredness and improve perceived energy levels.
In sports and physical endurance supplements, glucuronolactone is believed to aid in reducing muscle fatigue and promoting recovery, likely by supporting the elimination of exercise-induced metabolic by-products such as lactic acid and ammonia.
Some athletes and fitness enthusiasts use products containing glucuronolactone as a way to enhance physical performance and improve post-exercise recovery time, although direct evidence for these effects remains mostly anecdotal.
In clinical and experimental medicine, glucuronolactone has been studied for its role in supporting drug metabolism, particularly for individuals undergoing long-term treatment with medications that are processed by the liver.
Glucuronolactone may help the body process and clear pharmaceuticals more efficiently, which has led researchers to explore its use in adjunctive therapy for liver overload or toxicity, especially in high-risk or polypharmacy patients.
Additionally, glucuronolactone has been investigated for its potential antioxidant and protective effects on cells, particularly liver cells.
Some preliminary studies suggest it may help combat oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, though these benefits have not yet been firmly established through large-scale clinical trials.
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks, often in unnaturally high doses.
Research into Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that it is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with caffeine, taurine, alcohol or the effects of exercise.
The Panel also concluded, based on the data available, that additive interactions between taurine and caffeine on diuretic effects are unlikely.
According to The Merck Index, glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
Glucuronolactone is approved in China and Japan as an over-the-counter "hepatoprotectant", though there is a conspicuous lack of systematic reviews on this use.
Glucuronolactone is used primarily as a functional ingredient in energy drinks and dietary supplements, where it is included for its supposed ability to help the body eliminate toxins and metabolic waste products, particularly through the liver's detoxification process known as glucuronidation.
This pathway converts harmful substances into more water-soluble compounds, which can then be excreted in urine, and glucuronolactone serves as a precursor to glucuronic acid, a key player in this process.
Another common use of glucuronolactone is in sports nutrition and performance-enhancing products, where it is believed—though not conclusively proven—to help increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and enhance physical endurance, often in combination with ingredients like caffeine and taurine.
Many commercial energy drinks contain glucuronolactone with the claim that it contributes to improved mental focus and faster recovery from exercise or stress.
In the pharmaceutical industry, glucuronolactone may also be explored for its potential hepatoprotective properties, meaning its ability to support liver health by enhancing detoxification.
Although these uses are under investigation, glucuronolactone is generally recognized as safe for use in small quantities in food and beverages, based on current toxicological data.
Safety Profile Of Glucuronolactone:
Glucuronolactone is generally regarded as safe for consumption at the levels commonly found in foods and beverages, particularly in energy drinks.
However, like many substances, it can present certain hazards or health risks when used in excessive amounts or in specific contexts.
Most health concerns related to glucuronolactone arise not from the compound itself, but from its combination with caffeine, taurine, and other stimulants in energy drinks.
While glucuronolactone has been used in food products for decades, there is limited clinical research on its long-term effects, especially when consumed regularly in large doses, such as those found in some high-caffeine energy drinks.
Regulatory bodies like the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have called for more evidence to assess potential long-term health impacts.
Since glucuronolactone is often marketed with unproven or exaggerated health claims, individuals might use it inappropriately for "detox," performance, or energy boosts, leading to misuse and possible health complications—especially if combined with other unregulated substances.
