PRODUCTS

Glycerol monostearate

Glyceryl monostearate = Glycerol monostearate = GMS = MGS = Glycerin monostearate = Glycerol ester of stearic acid = Glycerine monostearate = ESTER OF GLYCERIN + STEARIC ACID

Glycerine = Glycerin = Glycerol (= Glyceryl)

Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol

EC / List no.: 250-705-4
CAS no.: 31566-31-1

EC / List no.: 286-490-9
CAS no.: 85251-77-0

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Glyceryl monostearate takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid.

GMS (Glycerol monostearate) is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes and solvents

GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE
Glycerol monostearate or monostearin, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods.
Chemically it is the monoglycerol ester of stearic acid.
Glyceryl stearate is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent, an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents a protective coating for hygroscopic powders, a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals, and a resin lubricant.
Glyceryl stearate is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.
It is generally a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.

Functions
Emulsion Stabilisers
Rheology / Viscosity Modifiers
Emulsifiers

Applications
After Sun
Body Care
Eye Colour
Face / Neck Skin Care
Face Colour
Facial Cleansers
Hair Conditioners - Rinse off
Lip Colour
Sun Protection

Glyceryl Monostearate, referred to as GMS for short, is a solid, waxy substance carrying a white appearance and minimal to no odor.
This material is produced by distilling cold-pressed organic flax seed oil or sunflower oil to yield two parts, organic glycerin and organic fatty acids.
The fatty acid byproduct portion are fractionated to produce saturated fatty acids which will react with the organic glycerin to form Organic Glyceryl Monostearate.
GMS, or organic glyceryl monostearate, is most sought after for its emulsifying properties, the ability to bind water and oil together in a formulation which would naturally separate.
Emulsifiers are an integral part of product development and formulation, used throughout cosmetic and personal-care manufacturing to food and beverage engineering, along with a wide range of industrial applications.
In addition to emulsifying properties, GMS is a common food additive to thicken the consistency of a combination of ingredients, prevent caking, or act as an added preservative.
Its natural emollient characteristics make it suitable for a multitude of topical skincare products.

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS), a nonionic amphiphilic monoglyceride of glycerol and stearic acid is widely used as emulsifier in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and textile industry.

Structure, synthesis, and occurrence
Glycerol monostearate exists as three stereoisomers, the enantiomeric pair of 1-glycerol monostearate and 2-glycerol monostearate.
Typically these are encountered as a mixture as many of their properties are similar.

Commercial material used in foods is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.

Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase.
It is present at very low levels in certain seed oils.

Uses
GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anticaking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glyceryl Monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair-care products.

GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glyceryl Monostearate is somewhat responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream their smooth texture.
Glyceryl Monostearate is sometimes used as an antistaling agent in bread.

Glyceryl Monostearate can also be used as an additive in plastic, where GMS works as an antistatic and antifogging agent. This is common in food packaging.

Glyceryl Monostearate

A solvent for oral, topical applications, co-emulsifier and low HLB surfactant, structure-building consistency factor for semi-solids and a viscosity enhancer.
It also hardens suppository formulations and adjust their melting points.

Glyceryl Monostearate is widely used as a co-emulsifier and consistency building factor.
On the account of its consistency giving characters it is mainly used for the viscosity adjustment in pharmaceutical O/W emulsions.
Glyceryl Monostearate is a white to slightly yellowish, hydrophilic wax, which is supplied as powder. BASF has in-depth knowledge about how to utilize this material and how best to manage its performance and its stability.

Glyceryl Monostearate grades can be used for all kinds of topical pharmaceutical applications such as gels, lotions and creams.
All Glyceryl Monostearate grades act as consistency factors and co-emulsifiers at the same time. With their amphiphilic structure they will stabilize the surface between oil and water and will help to enhance the viscosity with building up a liquid crystalline network in the water-phase (lamellar structure).
Glyceryl Monostearate is able to stabilize W/O and O/W emulsion and will help top create a unique softness and creaminess in the end application.
Glyceryl Monostearate acts as co-emulsifier and low HLB surfactant.
It stabilizes the surfactant phases & emulsion droplets. It is suitable for production of emulsions & creams, ointments, gels and foams.

Product Details
Chemical name Glycerol Monostearate
Former product name: Cutina GMS V PH
CAS No. 85251-77-0

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as structure-building consistency factor for semi-solids. It can mitigate stickiness or greasiness in emulsions, ointments and gels.

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as solvent for oral and topical applications. It is suitable for solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems technologies.

As co-emulsifier and viscosity enhancer Glyceryl Monostearate is used in capsule fill formulations.

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as solvent for oral and topical applications. It is suitable for solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems technologies.

Suppository formulations can be hardened and adjusted in their melting point by the addition of Glyceryl Monostearate.

Glycerol monostearate
Structural formula of 1-glycerol monostearate
1-glycerol monostearate (1-isomer)
Structural formula of 2-glycerol monostearate
2-glycerol monostearate (2-isomer)

Names
IUPAC name: 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate

Other names
Glyceryl monostearate
Glycerin monostearate
Monostearin

Identifiers
Compounds
(Mix): Mixture of 1- and 2- isomers
(1-): 1-glycerol monostearate
(2-): 2-glycerol monostearate
CAS Number
(Mix): 31566-31-1 check
(1-): 123-94-4
(2-): 621-61-4

Properties
Chemical formula: C21H42O4
Molar mass: 358.563 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.03 g/cm3

Glyceryl 1-stearate (Glycerol monostearate), commonly known as GMS, is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier.
GMS is a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic.
Glycerol monostearate is a glycerol ester of stearicacid.
Glycerol monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a product of the breakdown of fats by pancreatic lipase, and is also found in fatty foods.
GMS is a food additive used as a thickening, emulsifying, anti-caking, and preservative agent; an emulsifying agent for oils, waxes, and solvents; a protective coating for hygroscopic powders; a solidifier and control release agent in pharmaceuticals; and a resin lubricant.
Glycerol monostearate is also used in cosmetics and hair care products.
Glycerol monostearate is used in antiperspirants and deodorants, baby care, body care, facial care, sun care, conditioners, facial make-up, creams and lotions-skin care, sprayable emulsions, feet, hands and nails, self-tanning, nail grooming and color cosmetics.
GMS is largely used in baking preparations to add "body" to the food.
Glyceryl monostearate is responsible for giving ice cream and whipped cream its smooth texture.
Glyceryl monostearate is sometimes used as an anti-staling agent in bread. Glycerol 1-stearate is affirmed by FDA as GRAS.

Description: A white or yellowish white, hard waxy mass or unctuous powder or flakes; odourless or slight, agreeable, fatty odour.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water; soluble in ether R, benzene R, and ethanol (~750 g/l) TS at 60 C.
Category: Emulsifying agent; cream and ointment base.
Storage: Glyceryl monostearate should be kept in a tightly closed container, protected from light.
Additional information: Glyceryl monostearate may contain a suitable antioxidant.

Self-emulsifying glyceryl monostearate contains additional emulsifying agents.
Definition: Glyceryl monostearate is a mixture of mono-, di- and triglycerides of stearic and palmitic acids.
Glyceryl monostearate contains not less than the equivalent of 35.0% of monoglycerides, calculated as C20H40O4, and not morethan the equivalent of 6.0% of free glycerol.

Glyceryl Monostearate
Also known as glycerol monostearate or monostearin
What is Glyceryl Monostearate?
Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an effective emulsifier used in the baking industry available in the form of small beads, flakes, or powders.
In addition to emulsification, GMS is a thickening agent and a stabilizer.

In baking, it is used to improve dough quality and stabilize fat/protein emulsions.

Composition
GMS is a non-ionic ester of glycerol and stearic acid. It is soluble in ethanol at 122°F (50°C) but immiscible with water.
It often consists of a mixture of mono, di, and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats. They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol.

Commercial Production
GMS is produced either through heating oils/fats with excess glycerol or by direct esterification of glycerol (of animal or plant sources) with stearic acid.
The proportion of monoester formed is dependent on the proportion of glycerol and reaction temperature range of 86-140°F (60-80°C).
Further purification is carried out by high vacuum distillation.2

Function
The ratio of hydrophilic to lipophilic moieties, called hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is used in classifying emulsions.
HLB values range from 0-20 with lower values indicating dominant lipophilic character while higher values indicate hydrophilic character.
GMS has a HLB value of 3.8, making it lipophilic and suitable for uses in w/o emulsions, such as batters and doughs, dairy and other products.

GMS is used in a paste form, i.e. mixed with water and other ingredients to improve gel stability.
It is an unsaturated monoglyceride and offers better stability than other unsaturated monoglycerides, such as oleic acid.

Glyceryl Monostearate is used in the baking industry to:

Help in the formation and maintenance of uniform dispersions of immiscible solvents.
Stabilize emulsions via displacing proteins from oil, wax or solvent surfaces.
Improve bread texture, and retard staling due to its complexation with starch amylopectin4
Improve aeration of doughs and batters.
Applications
GMS has been used in the following applications:2

To improve the physical and rheological properties of the batter and thus better-quality cakes
In breads such as pain courant Français, Friss búzakenyér, naan and roti
In sponge cakes and pancakes for aeration.
Dairy products such as cream, whipped cream, ice cream, cream powder, imitation creams, etc.
Fruit/vegetable spreads, jams, jellies, marmalades

Glyceryl monostearate, also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4), and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid.
Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.

Chemical Properties
Glyceryl monostearate is waxy to the touch and has a slight, mild fatty odor and taste The USP describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides, chiefy glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.

Chemical Properties
While the names glyceryl monostearate and mono- and diglycerides are used for a variety of esters of long-chain fatty acids, the esters fall into two distinct grades:
40–55 percent monoglycerides The PhEur 6.0 describes glyceryl monostearate 40–55 as a mixture of monoacylglycerols, mostly monostearoylglycerol, together with quantities of di- and triacylglycerols. It contains 40–55% of monoacylglycerols, 30–45% of diacylglycerols, and 5–15% of triacylglycerols. This PhEur grade corresponds to mono- and di-glycerides USP– NF, which has similar specifications (not less than 40% monoglycerides).
90 percent monoglycerides The USP32–NF27 describes glyceryl monostearate as consisting of not less than 90% of monoglycerides of saturated fatty acids, chiefly glyceryl monostearate (C21H42O4) and glyceryl monopalmitate (C19H38O4).
The commercial products are mixtures of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate.
Glyceryl monostearate is a white to cream-colored, wax-like solid in the form of beads, flakes, or powder.
It is waxy to the touch and has a slight fatty odor and taste.

Uses   glyceryl stearate is an emulsifier that helps form neutral, stable emulsions. It is also a solvent, humectant, and consistency regulator in water-in-oil and oil-in-water formulations. In addition, it can be used as a skin lubricant and imparts a pleasant skin feel. glyceryl stearate is a mixture of mono-, di-, and triglycerides of palmitic and stearic acids, and is made from glycerin and stearic fatty acids. Derived for cosmetic use from palm kernel or soy oil, it is also found in the human body. It is very mild with a low skin-irritation profile; however, a slight risk of irritation exists if products contain poor quality glyceryl stearate.
Uses   Glyceryl monostearate is also known as monostearin, is a mixture of variable proportions of glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, and glyceryl esters of fatty acids present in commercial stearic acid. Is prepared by glycerolysis of certain fats or oils that are derived from edible sources or by esterification, with glycerin, of stearic acid that is derived from edible sources.
Uses   Lonzest GMS is a surfactant used in a variety of markets.
Uses   Aldo MS BO KFG is a glycerol ester made from soybean oil derived fatty acid. This product finds uses in both food and cosmetic applications.
Uses   Aldo MSD KFG is a self emulsifying nonionic surfactant, used as a lubricant in confectionery, as a release agent and as a dough softener.
It is used as a low HLB emulsifier in personal care products where non animal grade products are needed.
Uses   In pharmaceutical dispensing
Uses   glyceryl monostearate (glycerin monostearate; glyceryl stearate) is widely used in cosmetics. It is an emulsifying and solubilizing ingredient, dispersing agent, emollient, formula stabilizer, and surface-action agent. employed in baby creams, face masks, foundation, and hand lotions, it is often derived from hydrogenated soybean oil. glyceryl monostearate has little or no G toxicity.

Definition
An intermediate chemical.

Production Methods
Glyceryl monostearate is prepared by the reaction of glycerin with triglycerides from animal or vegetable sources, producing a mixture of monoglycerides and diglycerides.
The diglycerides may be further reacted to produce the 90% monoglyceride grade.
Another process involves reaction of glycerol with stearoyl chloride.
The starting materials are not pure substances and therefore the products obtained from the processes contain a mixture of esters, including palmitate and oleate.
Consequently, the composition, and therefore the physical properties, of glyceryl monostearate may vary considerably depending on the manufacturer.

Pharmaceutical Applications
The many varieties of glyceryl monostearate are used as nonionic emulsifiers, stabilizers, emollients, and plasticizers in a variety of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications.
It acts as an effective stabilizer, that is, as a mutual solvent for polar and nonpolar compounds that may form water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions.
These properties also make it useful as a dispersing agent for pigments in oils or solids in fats, or as a solvent for phospholipids, such as lecithin.
Glyceryl monostearate has also been used in a novel fluidized hot-melt granulation technique for the production of granules and tablets.
Glyceryl monostearate is a lubricant for tablet manufacturing and may be used to form sustained-release matrices for solid dosage forms.
Sustained-release applications include the formulation of pellets for tablets or suppositories, and the preparation of a veterinary bolus. Glyceryl monostearate has also been used as a matrix ingredient for a biodegradable, implantable, controlledrelease dosage form.
When using glyceryl monostearate in a formulation, the possibility of polymorph formation should be considered.
The aform is dispersible and foamy, useful as an emulsifying agent or preservative.
The denser, more stable, b-form is suitable for wax matrices.
This application has been used to mask the flavor of clarithromycin in a pediatric formulation.

Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal route. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ESTERS.

Safety Glyceryl monostearate is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.2 g/kg
storage

If stored at warm temperatures, glyceryl monostearate increases in acid value upon aging owing to the saponification of the ester with trace amounts of water.
Effective antioxidants may be added, such as butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl gallate.

Glyceryl monostearate should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place, and protected from light.

Incompatibilities
The self-emulsifying grades of glyceryl monostearate are incompatible with acidic substances.

Glycerin Monostearate (GMS) is made with natural vegetable oil and fat, which is the most widely applied food emulsifier. Cardlo’s DM-99 GMS is produced by Germany six-stage distillation equipment. It has higher monostearate content (> 99%), lower impurity content, long-term stable physical-chemical indexes and higher emulsifying properties.

Application
Benefit
Suggested Dosage

Protein beverage
Glyceryl Monostearate stabilizes the fat and protein, prevent elimination and sedimentation
0.05%-0.1%

Ice cream
Glyceryl Monostearate avoids forming large ice crystal, improve mouth feels and provide creamy texture, improve stabilization
0.1%-0.2%

Flour products

Breads
Glyceryl Monostearate improves crumb softness, provides a fine and uniform crumb structure, reduces staling rate
0.3%-0.8% of flour

Cakes
Glyceryl Monostearate enlarges volume, improve texture ,prolong the shelf life
3%-10% of oil

Biscuit
Glyceryl Monostearate improves process properties, prevent oil separating out and make the dough easy to off-module
1.5%-2% of oil

Oils and fats

Margarine
Glyceryl Monostearate adjusts the oil crystal, imparts fine and stable water dispersion
Shortening
Glyceryl Monostearate adjusts the oil crystal, improve its function properties

Coffee-whitener
Glyceryl Monostearate gives a more uniform fat globule size distribution resulting in improved whitening effect

Caramels ,toffees and chocolate
Glyceryl Monostearate reduces stickiness and sugar crystallization, thus improve the eating quality
1.5%-2% of oil
Chewing gum

Glyceryl Monostearate improves mastication and texture, soften gum base and facilitate mixture, especially for SBR and PVA
0.3%-0.5% of base

Meats products
Glyceryl Monostearate helps fat disperse and combine with water and starch, prevent starch retrogradation
0.1%-1.0%
Edible antifoaming agent
Glyceryl Monostearate decreases or inhibit foaming during production
0.1%-1.0%

Peanut butter
Improve stabilization
0.1%-0.2%

Granular potato products
Ensure uniformity, improve structure and make production easier
0.3%-1.0% of starch

For non-food: Glyceryl Monostearate is used in PVC lubricants, cosmetics auxiliary emulsifier and thickener, antifogging agent of agricultural greenhouse plastic film, antistatic agent of packaging film.

Glyceryl Monostearate is a solvent for oral, topical applications, co-emulsifier and low HLB surfactant, structure-building consistency factor for semi-solids and a viscosity enhancer.
Glyceryl Monostearate also hardens suppository formulations and adjust their melting points.

Glyceryl Monostearate grades can be used for all kinds of topical pharmaceutical applications such as gels, lotions and creams.
All Kolliwax grades act as consistency factors and co-emulsifiers at the same time. With their amphiphilic structure they will stabilize the surface between oil and water and will help to enhance the viscosity with building up a liquid crystalline network in the water-phase (lamellar structure).
Glyceryl Monostearate is able to stabilize W/O and O/W emulsion and will help top create a unique softness and creaminess in the end application. Glyceryl Monostearate acts as co-emulsifier and low HLB surfactant. It stabilizes the surfactant phases & emulsion droplets. It is suitable for production of emulsions & creams, ointments, gels and foams.

Product Details
Chemical name: Glycerol Monostearate
Former product name: Cutina GMS V PH
CAS No. 85251-77-0

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as structure-building consistency factor for semi-solids.
Glyceryl Monostearate can mitigate stickiness or greasiness in emulsions, ointments and gels.

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as solvent for oral and topical applications.
Glyceryl Monostearate is suitable for solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems technologies.

As co-emulsifier and viscosity enhancer Glyceryl Monostearate is used in capsule fill formulations.

Glyceryl Monostearate is used as solvent for oral and topical applications.
Glyceryl Monostearate is suitable for solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems technologies.

Suppository formulations can be hardened and adjusted in their melting point by the addition of Glyceryl Monostearate.

Glyceryl Monostearate 40-55 PhEur is Nonionic emulsifier, W/O and O/W emulsion stabiliser, dispersant and emollient used in oral and topical pharmaceutical preparations.
Glyceryl Monostearate is used to form sustained release matrices for solid dosage forms.
Recommended topical usage levels of 1-10%

Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) is an organic molecule used as an emulsifier in food. A glycerol ester of stearic acid, it is a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting flaky powder. Glyceryl monostearate occurs naturally in the body as a by-product of the breakdown of fats, and is often found in fatty foods.

GMS is the esterification product of vegetable-derived, high-purity triple-pressed stearic acid with glycerin.

Glyceryl monostearate is one of the most broadly utilized ingredients for personal care products.
GMS is typically used as the primary emulsifier, in conjunction with a variety of auxiliary emulsifiers.
The typical use level is 2- 5% in creams and lotions.

GMS should be stored in sealed containers and kept in a cool, dry
Prolonged storage above 90°F (32°C) should be avoided.
Avoid overheating.

Glyceryl monostearate is emulsifier for foods, Defoamer of TOFU making process, Antifogging agent for plastic films, Plastic lubricant, Antistatic agent for plastics.
High-purity mono-glyceride with molecular distillation.
Food use : Mild flavor. Excellent stability.

Use: Emulsifiers for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,

Synonyms:
    abracol S.L.G.
    admul
    advawax 140
    aldo HMS
    aldo MS
    arlacel 161
    arlacel 169
    armostat 801
    cefatin
    celinhol - A
    cerasynt 1000-D
    cerasynt S
    cerasynt WM
    citomulgan M
    cyclochem GMS
    dermagine
2,3-   dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
(1)-2,3-   dihydroxypropyl stearate
2,3-   dihydroxypropyl stearate
    drewmulse 200K
    drewmulse TP
    drewmulse V
    drumulse AA
    emcol CA
    emcol MSK
    emerest 2400
    emerest 2401
    emerest 2407
    excel VS-95
    glycerin 1-monostearate
    glycerin 1-stearate
    glycerol 1-monostearate
    glycerol 1-stearate
    glycerol a-monostearate
    glycerol monostearate
    glycerol monostearate finastat 9500
    glyceryl 1-monostearate
    glyceryl monooctadecanoate
1-   glyceryl monooctadecanoate
1-   glyceryl monostearate
    glyceryl monostearate flakes
    glyceryl monostearate N.F. grade
1-   glyceryl stearate
    glyceryl-1-monostearate
    grocor 5500
    grocor 6000
    hallstar GMS pure
    hallstar GMS pure C
    hodag GMS
    imwitor 191
    imwitor 900K
    kessco 40
    lipo GMS 450
    lipo GMS 600
    monelgin
    myvaplex 600
    octadecanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
    octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
    octadecanoic acid, ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
    octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
1-   octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
1-mono   octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
    ogeen GRB
    ogeen M
    orbon
    protachem GMS
    sandin EU
    sedetine
    starfol GMS 450
    starfol GMS 600
    starfol GMS 900
    stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
    stearic acid a-monoglyceride
    stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride
    stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
    stearic monoglyceride
1-mono   stearin
alpha-mono-   stearin
mono   stearin
mono-   stearin
    stearin, 1-mono-
1-mono   stearoyl glycerol
3-   stearoyl oxy-1,2-propane diol
1-   stearoyl-rac-glycerol
    stearoylglycerol
1-mono   stearoylglycerol
mono   stearoylglycerol
3-   stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
    tegin
    unimate GMS
    witconol MS

Glyceryl monostearate is a kind of white wax sheet, pearl or powdery solid, dissolves in the organic solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, acetone or ether, also dissolves in mineral oil and vegetable and animals oils.
Water insoluble, strongly vibrating to mix with hot water can be dispersed in the hot water, also can form gel with hot water.
Mono-glycerides HLB value belongs to water-in-oil (W/O) type emulsifying agent 3～4, because emulsifying property is unique, also can be used as oil-in-water (O/W) type emulsifying agent

Glyceryl monostearate is a kind of tensio-active agent of non-ionic type.
It existing hydrophilic have again oleophilic group because of, have the several functions such as wetting, emulsification, foaming.
Glyceryl monostearate is emulsifying agent and the additive of food; Be used as emulsifying agent in makeup and the medical paste, make lotion fine and smooth, lubricious; Be used for the emulsifying agent of industrial yarn finish and the lubricant of textiles;
In plastics film, be used as drip agent and antifogging agent;
In plastic working, make lubricant and static inhibitor, can be used as in other respects defoamer, dispersion agent, thickening material, wetting agent etc.
Its preparation is generally and is divided into chemical method and biological process, and wherein chemical method has following several approach:
(1) by glycerine and stearic acid esterification and get.
Stearic acid, glycerine and sodium hydroxide are added in the reactor, start stirring behind the heating and melting, pass into nitrogen.
Reacting by heating.
This process application is the most general, but the control condition is the key of product yield and purity in the technique, needs to continue perfect.
(2) direct esterification
Stearic acid and glycerine are pressed 1:(1.2～1.3) mol ratio, under 0.2% an acidic catalyst effect, at 180～250 ℃: the reaction 2～4h; Reactant speed is chilled to 100 ℃, adds the alkali catalyst neutralisation, must contain the product of monoesters 40%～60% after washing with water.
This process yield is low, and product purity is low, the aftertreatment difficulty, and relative cost is high.
(3) ester-interchange method
Stearin and glycerine are at 0.06%～0.1% Cu (OH) 2Under the existence, at 170～240 ℃ of reaction 1～2h, pass into nitrogen protection in the reaction process, reactant obtains containing the product of monoesters 40%～60% after decompression deodorization, acid neutralize, make with extra care.
This technique can be converted into glyceryl monostearate with many stearins, but scale is limited, and product yield is low, and cost is high.
(4) Racemic glycidol saponification method
Racemic glycidol and stearic acid at 100～130 ℃ of reaction 30～70 min, can contain the product of monoesters 80%～90% after reactant is refining under the catalysis of tetraethyl ammonium iodide.
This technological reaction mild condition, productive rate is high, but cost is higher.
(5) epoxy chloropropane phase transfer catalysis process
Epoxy chloropropane and sodium stearate (2:1, mol ratio) are in toluene, under the catalysis of phase-transfer catalyst Tetrabutyl amonium bromide, at 90～110 ℃ of reaction 2h;
Reactant washs with sodium chloride solution, divides and gets organic phase, and toluene is removed in distillation and unreacted epoxy chloropropane gets the stearic acid glycidyl ester, with its NaOH solution hydrolysis with 0.1mol/L, through separation, drying, get product with the normal hexane recrystallization, monoester content is more than 90%.
The monoesters product of content 40%～60% can obtain high density product more than 90% through molecular distillation.The productive rate of this technique is low, and cost is high.

Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride mainly used as an emulsifier in foods
It is produced industrially by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (from either vegetable or animal fats) and glycerol.
Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid

Glycerol monostearate is a hygroscopic chemical, meaning it draws in water.
Glycerol monostearate is commonly used as an emulsifier in foods, and is an ideal ingredient if you want to thicken your favourite shake or pre-workout formula without using fat-heavy ingredients like milk and cream.

Glycerol monostearate is a glycerol ester of stearic acid.
It’s typically found in foods that are high in fat.

Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
CAS names
Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol

IUPAC names
1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl stearate
Glycerol monostearate; GMS
Glyceryl Monostearate
Glyceryl stearate
GMS
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Stearic Acid, monoester with glycerol (glycerol monostearate)

Trade names
Dimodan
Ekömul Flex Series
GLYCERIN STEARATE
Grindsted
Kemester 150V
Kemester 84 Vegetable
Kemester 84V
Kemester MST
MASESTER GMS 40-NSE
MASESTER GMS 50
MASESTER GMS 60

Applications:

Application in plastics industry:
Glyceryl monostearate is as a lubricant, anti-static agent, non-toxic plasticizer, anti-aging in the production of polymers plastics, packaging films.
Glyceryl monostearate can improve the flexiblity, plasticity and anti-static properties.
Glyceryl monostearate is used e.g. in the manufacturing of polypropylene-caps to provide a slip/lubricant effect in addition to an anti-static effect.
Glyceryl monostearate is used in agriculture plastic films as anti fogging agent.
Glyceryl monostearate is used as a process aid in production of expanded polyethylene to improve gas exchange.

Product benefits:
Reduces friction during the extrusion process, giving a uniform cell size distribution and is improving the gas exchange.
Glyceryl monostearate is compatible with anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants and has exceptional electrolyte tolerance.
Glyceryl monostearate has effects of emulsification, dispersion, foaming, defoaming and starch anti-aging.

Product dosing:
We strongly recommend testing of your own system under the actual conditions of processing and end-use prior to full scale testing.
Exact loading must be determined by composition of the specific polymer system.

Other applications:
Glyceryl monostearate is used in Cosmetics as co-emulsifier for emulsions to improve stability and to modify viscosity.
Glyceryl monostearate is an emulsifier in the production of foods, including ice cream, chewing gum, toffee,shortening, margarine, starch etc.
Glyceryl monostearate is Anti-aging agent for starch.
Glyceryl monostearate is Protective coating for hygroscopic powders.

EC / List no.: 286-490-9
CAS no.: 85251-77-0

Glycerides, C16-18 mono- and di-
Glyceryl mono and dipalmitostearate

CAS names
Glycerides, C16-18 mono- and di-

IUPAC names
(1-hexadecanoyloxy-3-hydroxypropan-2-yl) octadecanoate
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate 2-hydroxy-3-(octadecanoyloxy)propyl octadecanoate 3-(hexadecanoyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl octadecanoate

GELEOL
Glycerides C16-18, mono and di
Glycerides, C16-18 (even numbered) mono- and di-
Glycerides, C16-18 mono- and di-
Glycerides, C16-18 mono- and di-
Glycerides, C16-18 mono- and di- (even numbered)
Glycerides, C16-18 mono-and di-
Glycerides, C16-18 monoglycerides and diglycerides
Glycerides, C16-18, mono- and di- 85251-77-0
Glycerides, C16-C18 mono- di-

MDG, Saturated

Mono and diglycerides of fatty acids

Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids

Mono-(C16-18)-acylglycerol and Di-(C16-18)-acylglycerol

Trade names
BC 130
CHINT: FCE (glycerol)mono/diE C16-18
Cithrol 0795
Cithrol GMS-30
Cithrol GMS-40
DUB GMS
GELEOL
GMS
Imwitor 900 K
Imwitor 900 P
PALMSURF GMS 40
PALMSURF GMS 40SE
PALMSURF GMS 50
PALMSURF GMS 50SE
Phase I REACH Kandidat
RADIAMULS MG 2120K
RADIAMULS MG 2142K
RADIAMULS MG 2143
RADIAMULS MG 2143K
RADIAMULS MG 2146
RADIAMULS MG 2164K
RADIAMULS MG 2165K
RADIAMULS MG 2341
RADIAMULS MG 2342
RADIAMULS MG 2364K
RADIAMULS MG 2542K
RADIAMULS MG 2543K
RADIAMULS MG 2604K
RADIAMULS MG 2642K
RADIAMULS MG 2643
RADIAMULS MG 2643K
RADIAMULS MG 2644K
RADIAMULS MG 2646K
RADIAMULS MG 2655
RADIAMULS MG 2923K
RADIASURF 7140
RADIASURF 7142
RADIASURF 7143
RADIASURF 7340
RADIASURF 7342
RADIASURF 7343
RADIASURF 7344
RADIASURF 7346
RADIASURF 7600
RADIASURF 7601
RADIASURF 7641
RADIASURF 7643
RADIASURF 7644
RADIASURF 7645

Glyceryl Stearate. IMWITOR 900 K by IOI Oleo is a non-ionic co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions.
It is an ester of natural stearic and palmitic acid esterified with glycerol.
It is 100% natural, vegan and compatible with skin. It does not contain additives, residues of antioxidants, stabilizers, solvents or unsaturated components.
Because of surface-active properties, it functions as solubilizing and binding agent, dispersing adjuvants, softeners and consistency regulators.
It is applicable for hot/cold and hot/hot processes.
IMWITOR 900 K finds application in formulating lotions, creams, powders, skin cleansing products, makeup bases and foundations, mascara, eye shadow, eyeliner, hair conditioners and sun care products.
It is ECOCERT and COSMOS approved.
It has a shelf life of 24 months.

Glyceryl Stearate.
Cithrol GMS 40 by Croda acts as a co-emulsifier for w/o & o/w emulsions, moisturizing, nourishing and soothing agent.
It also functions as an emulsion stabilizer, rheology/ viscosity modifier, calming, hydrating and anti-redness agent. Used for baby care, body care, facial care, sun care, conditioners, facial make-up, sprayable emulsions, eyecare and specific skin care treatments.
Cithrol GMS 40 is also applicable for feet, hands, nails, shampoos, hair care treatments, roll on deodorants, color cosmetics, lip & face care products and depilatories.
It is eco-certified and bio/ organic approved.