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Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula OCHCHO.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is the smallest dialdehyde (a compound with two aldehyde groups).
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is a crystalline solid, white at low temperatures and yellow near the melting point (15 °C).
CAS: 107-22-2
MF: C2H2O2
MW: 58.04
EINECS: 203-474-9
Synonyms
BISFORMYL;glyoxylaldehyde;GLYOXAL SOLUTION;GLYOXAL;DIFORMYL;ETHANEDIAL;1,2-ethanedione;(CHO)2;GLYOXAL;107-22-2;Ethanedial;Oxalaldehyde;oxaldehyde;1,2-Ethanedione;Biformyl;Diformyl;Glyoxylaldehyde;Biformal;Diformal;Oxal;Aerotex glyoxal 40;Glyoxal aldehyde;Ethanedione;CCRIS 952;Ethandial;HSDB 497;DTXSID5025364;Glyoxal, 29.2%;EINECS 203-474-9;ethane-1,2-dial;UNII-50NP6JJ975;BRN 1732463;CHEBI:34779;AI3-24108;50NP6JJ975;Ethanedial, trimer;MFCD00006957;DTXCID505364;EC 203-474-9;4-01-00-03625 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);NCGC00091228-01;GLYOXAL (MART.);GLYOXAL [MART.];Glyoxal, 40%;Glyoxal (5% in 250mL in H2O);CAS-107-22-2;Ethane-1,2-dione;ODIX;Glyoxal (40% w/w in H2O) (Technical Grade);40094-65-3;Glyoxal, 40% in water;ethane dial;(oxo)acetaldehyde;Protectol GL 40;glyoxal (ethanedial);oxalic acid dihydride;hydroxymethylene ketone;GOHSEZAL P;GLYOXAL [HSDB];GLYOXAL [MI];PERMAFRESH 114;GLYOXAL [WHO-DD];DAICEL GY 60;GLYFIX CS 50;BIDD:ER0284;(CHO)2;GLYOXAL, 40% SOLUTION;Glyoxal, Biformyl, Oxalaldehyde;CHEMBL1606435;Glyoxal, 40% w/w aq.soln.;STR01281;Tox21_111105;Tox21_202517;BBL011519;NSC262684;STL146635;AKOS000119169;NSC-262684;NCGC00260066-01;63986-13-0;for molecular biology,40% in H2O(8.8 M);G0152;NS00003526;EN300-19156;Q413465;J-001740;F2191-0152
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is yellow, and the vapor is green.
Pure Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is not commonly encountered because glyoxal is usually handled as a 40% aqueous solution (density near 1.24 g/mL).
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) forms a series of hydrates, including oligomers.
For many purposes, these hydrated oligomers behave equivalently to Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal).
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is produced industrially as a precursor to many products.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.
Yellow crystals melting at15°C.
Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) appears as yellow crystals melting at15 °C.
Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C2H2O2.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid that has a distinctive odor.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is a highly reactive compound and is widely used in various industries, including textiles, leather, paper, and personal care products.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) serves as a cross-linking agent, preservative, and chemical intermediate in these applications.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) appears as yellow crystals melting at15°C.
Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Yellow prisms which turn white on cooling; soluble in anhydrous solvents.
Often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) appears as yellow crystals melting at15°C.
Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.
A 2-carbon aldehyde with carbonyl groups on both carbons.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -14 °C
Boiling point: 104 °C
Density: 1.265 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 18 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.409
Fp: 104°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility water: soluble(lit.)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to yellow
Odor: yel. crystals or lt. yel. liq., mild odor
Water Solubility: miscible
Merck: 14,4509
BRN: 1732463
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m3
Stability: Stability Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Strong reducing agent. May polyermize exothermically.
Incompatible with air, water, oxygen, peroxides, amides, amines, hydroxy-containing materials, nitric acid, aldehydes. Corrodes many metals.
InChIKey: LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.15 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-22-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) (107-22-2)
EPA Substance Registry System: Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) (107-22-2)
Uses
Ermanent-press fabrics; dimensional stabilization of rayon and other fibers.
Insolubilizing agent for compounds containing polyhydroxyl groups (polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and cellulosic materials); insolubilizing of proteins (casein, gelatin, and animal glue); embalming fluids; leather tanning; paper coatings with hydroxyethylcellulose; reducing agent in dyeing textiles.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is used to prepare 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone by condensation with urea.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) finds application in leather tanning process, textile finishes and paper coatings.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is an important building block in the synthesis of imidazoles.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) acts as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry.
Further, Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is used as a fixative for histology to preserve cells in order to examine under a microscope.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is used in the production of textilesand glues and in organic synthesis.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) can be used as the finishing agent of viscose fiber, insoluble binder of polyvinyl alcohol and starch, and raw material of paint, dye and medicine; Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) can also be used as pharmaceutical intermediate, fabric finishing agent and dye intermediate
Production
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) was first prepared and named by the German-British chemist Heinrich Debus (1824–1915) by reacting ethanol with nitric acid.
Commercial Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is prepared either by the gas-phase oxidation of ethylene glycol in the presence of a silver or copper catalyst (the Laporte process) or by the liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde with nitric acid.
Reactivity Profile
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) reacts vigorously with strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid.
Polymerizes rapidly even at low temperature if anhydrous.
Aqueous solutions are more stable but also polymerize on standing.
Reacts with itself in the presence of base to give glyconates.
Undergoes addition and condensation reactions that may be exothermic with amines, amides, aldehydes, and hydroxide-containing materials.
Mixing in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, ethyleneimine, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide.
Health Hazard
Inhalation causes some irritation of nose and,40% solution throat.
Contact with liquid,40% solution irritates eyes and causes mild irritation of skin; stains skin yellow.
(No information available on symptoms of ingestion.)
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) is a skin and eye irritant; the effectmay be mild to severe.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal)'s vapors are irritatingto the skin and respiratory tract.
Anamount of 1.8 mg caused severe irritation inrabbits’ eyes.
Glyoxaldehyde (Glyoxal) exhibited low toxicityin test subjects.
Ingestion may cause somnolenceand gastrointestinal pain.
