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HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a difunctional aromatic diol, meaning it contains two hydroxyl groups attached to a benzene ring through ethylene ether linkages, which allows it to react effectively with isocyanates to form urethane linkages in polymer chains.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)s chemical formula is C10H14O4, and its molecular structure includes a central hydroquinone (benzene-1,4-diol) core, which contributes to its rigid, symmetrical geometry, and makes it highly suitable for applications where dimensional stability and rigidity are important.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is most commonly utilized in the formulation of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and polyurethane elastomers, where it acts as a chain extender during the curing process.
CAS Number: 104-38-1
Molecular Formula: C10H14O4
Molecular Weight: 198.22
EINECS Number: 203-197-3
Synonyms: 2,2'-(p-Phenylenedioxy)diethanol, 1,4-(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)BENZENE, 1,4-BIS(.BETA.-HYDROXYETHOXY)BENZENE, 1,4-BIS(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)BENZENE, 1,4-BIS(BETA-HYDROXYETHOXY)BENZENE, 2,2'-(PHENYLENEDIOXY)DIETHANOL, 2,2'-p-Phenylenedioxydiethanol, Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) hydroquinone ether, EC 203-197-3, EINECS 203-197-3, ETHANOL, 2,2'-(1,4-PHENYLENEBIS(OXY))BIS-, ETHANOL, 2,2'-(P-PHENYLENEDIOXY)DI-, Ethanol, 2,2'-(p-phenylenedioxy)di-(8CI), Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,4-phenylenebis(oxy)]bis-, HYDROQUINONE DIHYDROXYETHYL ETHER, Hydroquinone bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, Hydroquinone di(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, Hydroquinone di(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, Hydroquinone diethylol ether, N2PVM9C37Q, NSC 1862, NSC-1862, P-DI(2-HYDROXYETHOXY)BENZENE, P-PHENYLENE BIS(.BETA.-HYDROXYETHYL ETHER), P-PHENYLENE BIS(BETA-HYDROXYETHYL ETHER), POLY-G HQEE, VERNATZER 30/10, p-Phenylenebis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether, 104-38-1, 203-197-3, Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, Vernatzer 30/10;Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether 99+%;2,2'-(p-Phenylenebisoxy)diethanol;Hydroquinone di(2-hydroxyeth;1,4-Di(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene Hydroquinone Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) Ether Hydroquinone Di(2-hydroxyethyl) Ether;2,2'-(1,4-Phenylenebis(oxy))diethanol;Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether 98%;chain extender
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a kind of polyurethane chain extender synthesized by hydroquinone (HQ) and ethylene oxide (EO).
With different molar ratios of hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether (HQEE)/1,4-butanediol 9/91, 18/82 and 27/73, a series of thermoplastic poly(butylene-co-hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether terephthalates) (PBHT) were synthesized via melt polycondensation.
The incorporation of the HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) group significantly improved the thermal properties of the polymers.
However, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) did not change the crystal structure of PBT.
The Tm values of the copolymers decreased (from 208?°C to 174?°C) with increasing content of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) segments, on the contrary, Tg values increased (from 37?°C to 43?°C).
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether), short for Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether, is a chemical compound widely used as a chain extender in the production of high-performance polyurethanes and other polymer systems, particularly those that require excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to wear and environmental stress.
In these systems, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) helps produce materials with superior tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, and thermal performance, making it ideal for demanding industrial applications such as rollers, seals, wheels, gaskets, and mechanical parts used in mining, automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing sectors.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is off-white flakes and powder.
It has a melting point of 102°C and an auto-ignition temperature of 467°C.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is hygroscopic and should be stored in a cool dry place.
To help prevent moisture absorption, desiccant agent is included in the drum.
It is important that the drum be resealed if only part of the HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is used.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is also sensitive to light (UV) and will turn yellow or brown in the presence of light.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is utilized in pharmaceutical manufacturing for its antioxidant properties.
It helps in stabilizing various formulations, ensuring their effectiveness and longevity.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a specialty elastomer and crosslinking agent used as a chain extender for polyurethanes (PU).
It is well suited for finishing and improving properties of materials.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is the premier diol chain extender for MDI-based polyurethane elastomers.
Compared to 1,4-butanediol, the workhorse of the industry, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-MDI based polyurethanes exhibit a higher hard-block melt temperature, superior tensile properties, split-tear resistance, hardness and rigidity, resiliency, low hysteresis, and enhanced thermal aging performance.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) tends to increase the stiffness and heat resistance of the resulting polymers, compared to aliphatic chain extenders.
This makes it especially valuable in applications where materials are exposed to elevated temperatures, friction, and mechanical stress, and where flexibility is less critical than durability and structural integrity.
In addition to polyurethanes, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is also used in epoxy resin formulations and high-performance coatings, where its hydroxyl groups contribute to the cross-linking process, enhancing adhesion, toughness, and chemical resistance.
Despite its industrial utility, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) should be handled with care, as it may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon direct exposure.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is typically supplied as a white to off-white crystalline solid or flakes, and it is practically insoluble in water, although it can dissolve in common organic solvents like alcohols and glycols.
Melting point: 100–102 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 185–200 °C (0.3 mmHg)
Density: 1.0143 (rough estimate)
Vapor pressure: 0.45 Pa at 45 ℃
Refractive index: 1.4720 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature
pKa: 13.99 ± 0.10 (Predicted)
Form: Crystalline Powder or Flakes
Color: White to off-white
Odor: odorless
Water solubility: practically insoluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
InChIKey: WTPYFJNYAMXZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.41 at 30 ℃
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a key functional chemical in the world of polymer chemistry, valued for its ability to impart rigidity, strength, and thermal endurance to materials used in some of the most challenging engineering environments.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is considered one of the most important aromatic diol chain extenders, especially in formulations where both mechanical strength and thermal performance are critical design requirements.
It plays a key role in the step-growth polymerization process by linking soft segments (like polyether or polyester polyols) with hard segments formed by the reaction of isocyanates and chain extenders.
Because of the presence of the rigid aromatic hydroquinone nucleus, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) contributes to the formation of hard domains within segmented polyurethane copolymers, effectively enhancing the microphase separation between hard and soft blocks.
This separation is what gives thermoplastic polyurethanes their unique balance of elasticity and toughness, allowing them to behave as elastomers under stress while maintaining structural stability under heat or load.
When it comes to performance in extreme environments, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is the chain extender of choice for most formulators.
As a chain extender, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) reacts with MDI and MDI prepolymers to create crystalline “hard-segment” domains that efficiently microphase separate.
Many studies have shown that the properties of a polyurethane are highly dependent on the characteristics and perfection of this hard-block phase.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a symmetrical aromatic diol chain extender.
It can improve tensile, hardness, resilience properties to MDI-polyurethane elastomers.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)/ MDI is a PU elastomer series parallels MOCA/TDI.
Finished products as: oil well seals, forklift tires, conveyor belt, hydraulic cylinder seals, many other PU products and spandex.
LCU elastomers require two principle components: a prepolymer terminated with reactive isocyanate groups and a difunctional active hydrogen-terminated chain extender.
Prepolymer is a HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) based on the reaction of polyester or polyether with isocyanate (TDIMDIADI).
The chain extender is usually a short chain of diamine or diol.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) prepolymers are usually extended with diols.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) provide a degree of flexibility between the rigid aromatic core and the hydroxyl-functional ends, enabling it to maintain chemical reactivity while resisting oxidative degradation.
This is especially important in applications where the material is subjected to repeated mechanical stress, UV exposure, or moisture, such as in outdoor or dynamic environments.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is synthesized by etherifying hydroquinone with ethylene oxide or ethylene glycol derivatives, and the final product must be carefully purified to avoid contamination with mono-functional impurities or unreacted raw materials, which could negatively impact polymer properties by disrupting stoichiometric balance.
Uses Of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether):
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is primarily used as a chain extender in the production of high-performance polyurethanes, where it plays a crucial role in enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the final polymer material.
In polyurethane chemistry, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) reacts with diisocyanates and polyols during polymerization to form segmented copolymers that exhibit excellent toughness, abrasion resistance, and durability, making these materials highly suitable for demanding industrial applications.
One of the most common uses of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is in the manufacture of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs), which are valued for their unique combination of flexibility, hardness, and resilience.
These TPUs find applications in automotive parts, such as bushings, seals, and gaskets, where materials must withstand continuous mechanical stress, temperature fluctuations, and exposure to chemicals without losing their shape or function.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-based polyurethanes are also widely employed in the production of industrial wheels, rollers, and conveyor belts, which require exceptional resistance to wear, impact, and deformation.
The rigid aromatic structure of HQEE imparts the necessary stiffness and dimensional stability to these components, allowing them to perform reliably under heavy loads and abrasive conditions in manufacturing plants, warehouses, and mining operations.
In addition to these mechanical uses, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is utilized in wire and cable insulation and jacketing materials, where its chemical structure helps the polymer maintain integrity and flexibility even under prolonged exposure to heat, moisture, and UV radiation.
This makes HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-containing polyurethanes a popular choice for electrical applications that demand both durability and safety.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is instrumental in the fabrication of precision molded parts and optical devices.
In optical applications, the chemical structure of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) helps maintain dimensional stability and optical clarity, which are vital for lenses, display screens, and other components requiring exact tolerances and resistance to environmental factors like UV radiation and moisture.
Preparation of polyester, polyolefins, polyurethanes, and hard waxy resins, organic synthesis.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is used to produce 1,4-bis-(2-bromo-ethoxy)-benzene.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) finds application in specialty coatings, adhesives, and composite materials, where it contributes to improved crosslinking density, adhesion strength, and resistance to environmental degradation.
These properties are essential in coatings that protect surfaces from corrosion, wear, or chemical attack, as well as in adhesives that must maintain strong bonds under challenging conditions.
In the realm of consumer products, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-based polyurethanes are used to manufacture sports equipment components, such as skateboard wheels and inline skate wheels, where high abrasion resistance and rebound resilience directly affect performance and user safety.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)'s role extends to the production of optical materials and precision molded parts, where its contribution to polymer rigidity and stability helps achieve dimensional accuracy and clarity, which are critical for lenses, displays, and other optical devices.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is extensively used in the field of polymer chemistry, particularly as a chain extender in the synthesis of thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and polyurethane elastomers, where its unique chemical structure helps to create polymers that combine both strength and flexibility.
The aromatic backbone of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) introduces rigidity and thermal stability to the polymer chains, which is especially important in applications that demand materials capable of withstanding harsh mechanical stresses and elevated temperatures over long periods without degradation.
In industrial manufacturing, HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is a preferred choice for producing components such as automotive suspension bushings, engine mounts, and vibration dampers, which require materials with high fatigue resistance and the ability to maintain mechanical properties despite constant cyclic loading.
The superior abrasion resistance of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-based polyurethanes also makes them ideal for conveyor rollers and industrial wheels, which are subject to continuous friction and impact in demanding environments like mining, logistics, and heavy manufacturing.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether)-modified polyurethanes are used for insulation and protective jacketing of wires and cables, where the materials must resist cracking, moisture ingress, and thermal breakdown while remaining flexible enough for ease of installation and use.
This durability ensures long service life and reliability of electrical systems in both residential and industrial settings.
Safety Profile Of HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether):
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) poses several potential hazards that must be carefully managed to ensure safe handling and use in industrial and laboratory settings.
Although it is not classified as highly toxic, exposure to HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, meaning that direct contact with the substance should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and masks should be worn when handling it.
Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may lead to dermatitis or allergic skin reactions, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or pre-existing allergies, so it is important to minimize contact and maintain good hygiene practices.
Inhalation of dust or vapors generated from HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) during processing can cause respiratory irritation, characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, or a sore throat.
This highlights the need for adequate ventilation in workspaces where HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is used, as well as engineering controls like fume hoods or local exhaust ventilation to limit airborne concentrations.
HQEE (Hydroquinone bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether) is also considered hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the air, which can lead to changes in its physical properties and potential degradation products that might pose additional risks.
Proper storage in airtight containers under dry and inert atmospheres is therefore crucial to maintain its stability and minimize hazardous reactions.
