Quick Search
CAS NO:7553-56-2
EC NO:231-442-4
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at 114 degrees Celsius, and boils to a violet gas at 184 degrees Celsius. The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811, and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek Ιώδης 'violet-coloured'.
Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (IO−
3), and the various periodate anions.
Iodine is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element.
Iodine is the heaviest essential mineral nutrient. Iodine is essential in the synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities.
The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan.
Iodine and its compounds are primarily used in nutrition. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it has also found favour as a non-toxic radiocontrast material. Because of the specificity of its uptake by the human body, radioactive isotopes of iodine can also be used to treat thyroid cancer.
Iodine is also used as a catalyst in the industrial production of acetic acid and some polymers.
Iodine is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Physical properties
Phase at STP solid
Melting point (I2) 386.85 K (113.7 °C, 236.66 °F)
Boiling point (I2) 457.4 K (184.3 °C, 363.7 °F)
Density (near r.t.) 4.933 g/cm3
Triple point 386.65 K, 12.1 kPa
Critical point 819 K, 11.7 MPa
Heat of fusion (I2) 15.52 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporisation (I2) 41.57 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity (I2) 54.44 J/(mol·K)
Iodine is the fourth halogen, being a member of group 17 in the periodic table, below fluorine, chlorine, and bromine; it is the heaviest stable member of its group.
Usage areas
Iodine is used in pharmaceuticals, salts, antiseptics, food additives, dyes, catalysts, and photography. There is also iodine in the tincture of diode.
Iodine, which was used in the treatment of apical abscessed teeth, causes discoloration in these teeth.
Locations
Iodine is present in the environment mainly as iodide dissolved in seawater, but also in some soils, minerals and some seafood. Extremely pure element iodine can be obtained by the reaction of potassium iodide with copper(II) sulfate. There are several other methods of purifying this element. Although the element is rare in sea water, kelp and some other marine plants have the ability to accumulate iodine in their bodies. In this way, iodine enters the food chain, it can also be purified inexpensively, and is also found in fish.
Iodine cannot be directly combined with carbon, nitrogen or oxygen.
Iodine reacts with ozone to produce oxide; reacts with fluorine, chlorine and bromine respectively to produce fluoride, chloride and bromide; reacts with ammonia n to produce explosive triiodide; reacts with platinum only at high temperatures; reacts with zirconium to produce volatile zirconium tetrachloride. In the presence of water, it reacts with phosphorus to produce phosphorus triphosphate and phosphorus tetraphosphate.
Iodine reacts with other metals at room temperature to form nonvolatile iodides.
Application
Mainly used to manufacture iodide, pesticides, feed additives, dyes, iodine tincture, test paper, drugs, etc.
Iodine is used as electronic industry materials and high purity reagents.
Iodine is used for capacity analysis and colorimetric analysis.
Iodine is used for the basic raw material for making inorganic iodide and organic iodide.
Iodine is mainly used in medical and health care to manufacture all kinds of iodine preparations, fungicides, disinfectants, deodorants, analgesics and antidote of radioactive substances.
Iodine is used for the synthesis of dyes, smoke extinguishing agent, photographic emulsion and antibacterial agent of cutting oil emulsion in industry;
Iodine is used to manufacture electronic instrument such as single crystal prism, optical instrument such as polarizer and a glass being capable of transmitting through infrared rays;
Iodine is used for leather and special soap. Iodine is a good catalyst in organic synthesis reactions of methylation, isomerization and dehydrogenation;
Iodine is used as a separating agent for alkanes and olefins;
Iodine is used as a stabilizer for rosin, tall oil and other wood products;
Iodine is used as a refining agent for high purity zirconium, titanium, hafnium, silicon and germanium;
Iodine is used to formulate equivalent solvent, determinate iodine value, calibrate concentration of sodium thiosulfate solution.
Chemical Properties
Iodine is available as bluish-black crystals with a metallic luster and a pungent odor.
Iodine is slightly soluble in water (0.03 g/100 g).
Iodine is stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage.
Iodine is incompatible with ammonia, powdered metals, alkali metals, or strong reducing agents.
Iodine reacts violently or explosively with acetaldehyde and acetylene, and reacts with ammonium hydroxide to form shock-sensitive iodides on drying.
Iodine is a naturally occurring element that is essential for the good health of people and animals.
Iodine is found in small amounts in seawater and in certain rocks and sediments.
Iodine occurs in many different forms that can be blue, brown, yellow, red, white, or colorless. Most forms of iodine easily dissolve in water or alcohol.
Iodine has many uses.
Iodines most important use is as a disinfectant for cleaning surfaces and storage containers.
Iodine is also used in skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water.
Iodine is used in medicines and is added to food, such as table salt, to ensure that people have enough iodine in their bodies to form essential thyroid hormones.
Iodine is put into animal feeds for the same reason.
Iodine is used in the chemical industry for making inks and coloring agents, chemicals used in photography, and in making batteries, fuels, and lubricants. Radioactive iodine also occurs naturally. Radioactive iodine is used in medical tests and to treat certain diseases, such as over-activity or cancer of the thyroid gland.
Iodine is important for the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
Uses
Anti-infective, topical.
Uses
Iodine is used in the manufacture of manyiodine compounds; in photographic materi als; as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and germi cide; and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
Iodine occurs in traces in seawater and in igneousrocks.
Uses
Synthesis of organic chemicals; photographic film; as a disinfectant in drinking water
General Description
Violet-black crystals with a metallic luster and a sharp odor. Mp: 133.5°C, bp: 185°C. Emits toxic vapor at room conditions; vapor becomes visibly purple when its concentration builds up in a confined space. Nearly insoluble in water but very soluble in aqueous solutions of iodides.
Description
Iodine was discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois, and is classed among the rarer elements.
Iodine is found naturally in seaweed, and is considered and generally recognized as safe substance by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Iodine is a required element by many species, including humans.
Iodine has been recognized as preventative against goiter since 1819, and is used in iodized salt for this purpose.
Iodine is also used as a dough oxidizer in commercial bread making.
Iodine is generally extracted from natural and oil field brines by means of oxidation of iodide with chlorine, then removal from solution with an airstream.
Iodine is reabsorbed in solution and reduces to hidrotic acid with sulfur dioxide. The solution is then chlorinated to precipitate free iodine, and is further purified by treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Iodine is the heaviest essential element for most life, with tungsten being used by some bacteria.
Iodine is the second halogen element which was found after chlorine.
Iodine is a non-metallic element in the main group Ⅷ of the periodic table, and the symbol is I.
Iodine has radionuclides of 123 iodine, 125 iodine and 131 iodine respectively. Some data about it are as follows: Atomic number 53; atomic weight 126.9044; electronic configuration 2,8,18,18,7; relative density 4.93; melting point 113.5 ℃and boiling point 184 ° C. The common oxidation states of iodine in the compounds are-I (iodide), + Ⅴ (iodate), + Ⅶ (periodate).
Iodine is a shiny crystal with the color of atropurpureus.
Iodine sublimates slowly to obtain gaseous toxic iodine that has a purple color and irritating smell.
Iodine is a naturally occurring element found in sea water and in certain rocks and sediments. There are non radioactive and radioactive forms of iodine.
Iodine is used as a disinfectant for cleaning surfaces and storage containers and is used in skin soaps and bandages, and for purifying water.
Iodine is also added to some table salt to ensure that all people in the United States have enough iodine in their diet. Most radioactive iodine is manmade.
Iodine is used in medical tests and to treat certain diseases. Most radioactive forms of iodine change very quickly (seconds to days) to stable elements that are not radioactive. However, 129I (read as iodine 129) changes very slowly (over millions of years).
Iodine is an element with atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90.
Industry Uses
Active Ingredient
Chemical Manufacturing
Chemical manufacturing
Chemical manufacturing.
Intermediates
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Consumer Uses
Chemical Manufacturing
Chemical manufacturing
Non-TSCA use
Photographic supplies, film, and photo chemicals
Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Iodine is used as a test for starch and turns a deep blue when it comes in contact with it. Potassium iodide (KI) is used to make photographic film and, when mixed with iodine in alcohol, as an antiseptic for external wounds. A radioactive isotope of iodine, iodine-131, is used to treat some diseases of the thyroid gland.
Iodine compounds are important in organic chemistry and very useful in medicine. Iodides, and thyroxine which contains iodine, are used internally in medicine, and as a solution of KI and iodine in alcohol is used for external wounds. Potassium iodide finds use in photography. The deep blue color with starch solution is characteristic of the free element.
Iodine is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant product.
Iodine is blue greyish-black solid plates or small crystals with a metallic crystalline sheen with a characteristic acrid odor.
Iodine is soluble in water, of alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ether, of glycerol. Very readily soluble in strong aqueous solutions of iodides. A solution in alcohol, ether, or aqueous solutions of iodides is reddish-brown.
About this substance
Helpful information
Iodine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Iodine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Biocidal Uses
Iodine is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, embalming or taxidermy.
Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Iodine is most likely to be released to the environment.
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Iodine is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers
Iodine is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Iodine is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Iodine is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Formulation or re-packing
Iodine is used in the following products: pharmaceuticals and laboratory chemicals.
Iodine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Iodine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
Iodine is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products and pharmaceuticals.
Iodine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Iodine is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Iodine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Iodine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Iodine can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Iodine is an element that is used by the thyroid. Humans cannot produce iodine, so it must be consumed.
Iodine is added to some foods and also to salt.
Iodine reduces thyroid hormone and can kill fungus, bacteria, and other microorganisms such as amoebas. Iodine deficiency is one of the most common and preventable world health problems. Most iodine is found in the ocean, where it is concentrated by sea life, particularly in seaweed.
Iodine is taken by mouth to prevent and treat iodine deficiency and its consequences, including goiter and some thyroid disorders. A specific kind of iodine called potassium iodide is also US FDA approved to prevent thyroid damage after a radioactive accident.
Iodine is also used for pink eye, gum infections, wound healing, and many other conditions, but there is limited scientific evidence to support many of these uses.
Iodine (atomic weight 126.9) is a natural chemical element of the earth (like oxygen, hydrogen, and iron). It occurs in a variety of chemical forms, the most important being: iodide (I-); iodate (IO3-), and elemental iodine (I2).
Iodine is present in fairly constant amounts in seawater but its distribution over land and fresh water is uneven. Deficiency is especially associated with high new mountains
Iodine is an essential component of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Rich natural sources of iodine are marine sponges and seaweed: they have been used as a cure for goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland) since ancient times.
Iodine is an element that is essential for normal growth and for the development of the brain.
Iodine is an essential trace mineral.
Iodine is needed to make thyroid hormones, which are essential for the proper development and differentiation of all cells of the human body. These hormones also regulate metabolism, affecting the body’s ability to burn protein, fat, and carbohydrate metabolism for energy.
Iodine can be used to test for starch, since it turns blue in the presence of certain starches.
Iodine is also used in making film for cameras, and iodine can be a disinfectant. However, the main purpose of iodine is as a nutrient - our body needs a very small amount of iodine and, without it, the thyroid gland does not properly function.
Iodine (I) is one of the nine trace minerals our bodies need to facilitate enzymatic reactions, produce hormones, enable cellular communication, and accomplish dozens of other functions.
Uses
Promoting thyroid health. Iodine plays a vital role in thyroid health.
Reducing risk for some goiters.
Managing overactive thyroid gland.
Treating thyroid cancer.
Neurodevelopment during pregnancy.
Improving cognitive function.
Improving birth weight.
May help treat fibrocystic breast disease.
Appearance
A black, shiny, crystalline solid. When heated, iodine sublimes to form a purple vapour.
Uses
Today, iodine has many commercial uses.
Iodide salts are used in pharmaceuticals and disinfectants, printing inks and dyes, catalysts, animal feed supplements and photographic chemicals.
Iodine is also used to make polarising filters for LCD displays.
Iodide is added in small amounts to table salt, in order to avoid iodine deficiency affecting the thyroid gland. The radioactive isotope iodine-131 is sometimes used to treat cancerous thyroid glands.
IUPAC names
iode
IODINE
Iodine
iodine
iodine-
Jód
molecular iodine
SYNONYMS:
molecular iodine
12190-71-5 [RN]
7553-56-2 [RN]
Diatomic iodine
Diiodan [German]
Iod [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Iode [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Iodine [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [JP15] [USP] [Wiki]
Jood [Dutch]
153507-24-5 [RN]
231-442-4 [EINECS]
231-442-4MFCD0001135512190-71-5
24503-90-0 [RN]
3587194 [Beilstein]
7681-11-0 [RN]
7789-33-5 [RN]
8012-81-5 [RN]
8012-85-9 [RN]
8031-47-8 [RN]
Actomar
Cadex
diiodane
diiodine
Eranol
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17606
InChI=1S/I2/c1-2
Iodide Iodatemissing
Iodine molecule (I)
Iodine Solution (0.02M in THF/pyridine/H2O 70:20:10)
Iodine, 0.01N Standardized Solution
Iodine, 1.0N Standardized Solution
Iodine, Ph. Eur.
Iodine, resublimed, 99.5%
Iodinemissing
Iodio
Iodum
Iosan Superdi
Jod [Polish]
Jod
Jood
MFCD00011355 [MDL number]
pJod
Tincture iodine
Vistarin
