IRON AMMONIUM CITRATE

Iron ammonium citrate is used as a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver.
Iron ammonium citrate is used with potassium ferricyanide as part of the cyanotype photographic process.
Iron ammonium citrate is used in Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test to identify enterobacteriaceae bacteria by observing their metabolism of different sugars, producing hydrogen sulfide.

CAS Number: 1185‑57‑5 
EC Number: 214‑686‑6 
Chemical name: Ammonium iron(III) citrate (Ferric ammonium citrate)
E number: E381 (antioxidants, ...)
Molecular Formula: C₆H₈FeNO₇ (note: this is a generalized formula and may vary depending on iron/ammonium content and hydration)
Molecular Weight: 244.98 g/mol (for monomeric unit of ferric ammonium citrate)

SYNONYMS:
Ammonium ferric citrate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron(III) citrate, Ammonium iron(III) citrat (German), Iron ammonium citrate, Ferriammoniumcitrat, Citrate d'ammonium ferrique, Ammoniumeisen(III)-citrat, Ferric Ammonium Citrate, Ammonium ferric citrate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron(III) citrate, Iron(III) ammonium citrate, Ferriammonium citrate, Citrate d’ammonium ferrique, Ammoniumeisen(III)-citrat, Iron ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron citrate, Ammonium ferricitrat, 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, ammonium iron(3+) salt, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron(III) citrate, Ammonium ferric citrate, Iron ammonium citrate, FerriSeltz, Ammonium Iron(3+) Citrate, Ammonium ferric citrate, Ferric ammonium citrate, Ammonium iron(3+) 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate, 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ammonium iron(3+) salt; Citric acid, ammonium iron salt; 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate, ammonium iron(3+) salt; Fraser Supplement, C₁₂H₂₂FeN₃O₁₄, C₆H₁₀FeNO₈

Iron ammonium citrate is a versatile chemical reagent available on the Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) platform, catering to laboratory research, pharmaceutical synthesis, and a range of chemical applications.
Iron ammonium citrate has the formula [NH4]y[Fex(C6H4O7)].

The iron in Iron ammonium citrate is trivalent.
All three carboxyl groups and the central hydroxyl group of citric acid are deprotonated.
A distinguishing feature of Iron ammonium citrate is that it is very soluble in water, in contrast to ferric citrate which is not very soluble.

In Iron ammonium citrate's crystal structure each moiety of citric acid has lost four protons.
The deprotonated hydroxyl group and two of the carboxylate groups ligate to the ferric center, while the third carboxylate group coordinates with the ammonium.

Iron ammonium citrate is a high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Iron Ammonium Citrate is a complex salt of citric acid, iron, and ammonia, available in different forms (usually brown or green), depending on its iron content and hydration level.

Iron ammonium citrate is highly water-soluble and has historically been important in photography, medicine, and food technology.
Iron ammonium citrate is commonly used as an iron source, photo sensitizer, and food additive.

Iron ammonium citrate, a coordination complex of iron with ammonium citrate, has been gaining significant attention in various fields, including medicine, photography, and dietary supplements.
In the pharmaceutical world, Iron ammonium citrate is often found under trade names such as Hematinic and Ferrocite.

Iron ammonium citrate primarily targets iron deficiency-related conditions, making it a vital remedy in the treatment of anemia and other similar disorders.
Research institutions across the globe have been investigating its efficacy and safety, contributing to a growing body of knowledge on this versatile compound.

As a drug, Iron ammonium citrate falls under the category of iron supplements, specifically aimed at replenishing iron stores in the body.
The indications for Iron ammonium citrate typically include iron deficiency anemia, chronic kidney disease-related anemia, and anemia due to blood loss or poor absorption.

Over the years, research has shown promising results, leading to Iron ammonium citrate's widespread adoption in clinical practice.
Iron ammonium citrate works by providing the body with a bioavailable form of iron, essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin and myoglobin, proteins that carry oxygen in the blood and muscles, respectively.

Iron ammonium citrate consists of iron in a ferric (Fe3+) state complexed with ammonium and citrate ions.
Upon ingestion, the ferric iron is reduced to ferrous (Fe2+) iron, a more absorbable form.
This reduction process primarily occurs in the acidic environment of the stomach.

Once absorbed, the iron is incorporated into the bone marrow, where Iron ammonium citrate is utilized in the production of red blood cells.
This mechanism helps to increase the hemoglobin concentration in the blood, thereby improving oxygen delivery to tissues and alleviating the symptoms of anemia.

Furthermore, Iron ammonium citrate component helps to stabilize the ferric ion, ensuring that the iron remains soluble and bioavailable.
Iron ammonium citrate is available in various forms, including oral tablets, liquids, and in some cases, injectable formulations.
The method of administration largely depends on the severity of the iron deficiency and the patient’s overall health status.

For most patients, oral administration is the preferred route, as Iron ammonium citrate is convenient and generally well-tolerated.
The onset time for oral Iron ammonium citrate can vary, with noticeable improvements in hemoglobin levels typically seen within 2 to 4 weeks of consistent use.

For more severe cases of iron deficiency, such as those associated with chronic kidney disease, injectable forms may be employed to ensure rapid and efficient replenishment of iron stores.
It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines provided by a healthcare professional to achieve the best results.

Iron ammonium citrate is a complex salt that finds its applications in various fields, ranging from agriculture to photography.
Understanding the mechanism of Iron ammonium citrate involves delving into its chemical composition, its interactions at the molecular level, and the practical applications that arise from these interactions.

At its core, Iron ammonium citrate is a coordination compound comprising ferric ions (Fe³⁺), ammonium ions (NH₄⁺), and citrate ions (C₆H₅O₇³⁻).
The ferric ion, with a +3 charge, is the central atom that coordinates with the negatively charged citrate ions to form a stable complex.
The presence of ammonium ions helps in maintaining the overall neutrality of the compound.

One of the critical features of Iron ammonium citrate is its solubility in water, which makes it particularly useful in various applications.
When dissolved in water, the compound dissociates into its constituent ions.
The ferric ions are held loosely within the structure of the citrate ions, allowing them to interact with other molecules or ions in the solution.

The mechanism of Iron ammonium citrate also extends to the field of medicine, where it is used as a nutritional supplement to treat iron-deficiency anemia.
When ingested, Iron ammonium citrate dissociates in the acidic environment of the stomach, releasing ferric ions that are then absorbed into the bloodstream.

These ions are utilized in the synthesis of hemoglobin and other iron-containing proteins, helping to restore normal iron levels and improve the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
In conclusion, the mechanism of Iron ammonium citrate is grounded in its chemical structure and the interactions between its constituent ions.

Its versatility and solubility enable it to be used effectively across various fields, from enhancing plant growth and creating photographic prints to treating iron-deficiency anemia and fortifying food products.
Understanding these mechanisms allows for the optimized application of Iron ammonium citrate in both scientific and practical contexts.

USES and APPLICATIONS of IRON AMMONIUM CITRATE:
Nutritional Supplement: Iron ammonium citrate is a source of iron used in dietary supplements and food fortification to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia.
Pharmaceuticals: In the pharmaceutical industry, Iron ammonium citrate  is used as an ingredient in certain medications and over-the-counter products aimed at treating iron deficiency.

Water Treatment: Iron ammonium citrate  serves as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment processes.
Laboratory Reagent: In the laboratory, Iron ammonium citrate can be used as a reagent in the synthesis of nanoparticles and various biochemical and analytical applications due to its iron content and complex properties.

Iron ammonium citrate, a physiological form of non-transferrin-bound iron, induces intracellular iron overload to cause ferroptosis.
Iron ammonium citrate can enhance protein production.
Iron ammonium citrate is a source of iron used in dietary supplements and food fortification to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia.

Iron ammonium citrate is an effective iron supplement due to its high bioavailability and lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects compared to other iron salts.
Iron ammonium citrate serves as a coagulant in water and wastewater treatment processes.

The iron ions help to clarify water by binding to suspended particles and colloids, facilitating their removal from the water.
Iron ammonium citrate is often used in the production and processing of wheat flour, cookies or baby milk powder.
Iron ammonium citrate has the effect of replenishing blood and energy, and it is a common medicine for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia.

In addition, Iron ammonium citrate can be used as a food preservative since it has a relatively high copper content.
Moreover, Iron ammonium citrate is widely used in some industrial production and chemical plants.
Uses of Iron ammonium citrate: Nutritional supplements (iron fortifiers)

Iron ammonium citrate can be used for dairy products, wheat flour and toast.
Also, Iron ammonium citrate can be added to cookies, baby milk powder, etc.
Iron ammonium citrate is not suitable for foods that cannot be colored.

Iron ammonium citrate is used as a food iron fortifier, and the actual digestion and absorption effect is better than that of inorganic iron.
Edible salt and filling sugar are allowed to use in China, and the demand is 40008000 mg/kg.
The content of cereals and products for the high-speed train (limited to 50 g of such food per day) is 12001350 mg/kg.

Also, the content should be 400800 mg/kg in dairy products and baby food, 160330 mg/kg in cereals and related products, 70~140 mg/kg in drinks.
The dark brown one, Iron ammonium citrate can be used as a blood tonic to treat iron deficiency anemia.
And Iron ammonium citrate can be applied as a food preservative, with a copper content of 16.5%-21.2%.

Iron ammonium citrate is usually used in the photographic industry and the production of the pharmaceutical industry, and it also can be used as an anti-caking agent.
Iron ammonium citrate has a range of uses, including: As a food ingredient, Iron ammonium citrate has an INS number 381, and is used as an acidity regulator.

Iron ammonium citrate is most notably used in the Scottish beverage Irn-Bru.
Iron ammonium citrate is used water purification.
Iron ammonium citrate is used as a reducing agent of metal salts of low activity like gold and silver.

Iron ammonium citrate is used with potassium ferricyanide as part of the cyanotype photographic process.
Iron ammonium citrate is used in Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test to identify enterobacteriaceae bacteria by observing their metabolism of different sugars, producing hydrogen sulfide.

In medical imaging, Iron ammonium citrate is used as a contrast medium.
Iron ammonium citrate is used as a hematinic.
Iron ammonium citrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Water Treatment: Iron ammonium citrate acts as a chelating agent for metals and phosphates in industrial and potable water systems.
Laboratory and Culture Media: Iron ammonium citrate is used ingredient in microbiological media (e.g., Kligler’s iron agar) to test for hydrogen sulfide production.

It is also essential to consider potential drug interactions when using Iron ammonium citrate.
Certain medications can affect the absorption and efficacy of this iron supplement.

For instance, antacids and proton pump inhibitors, commonly used to treat acid reflux and peptic ulcers, can reduce stomach acidity, thereby hindering the conversion of ferric iron to Iron ammonium citrate's more absorbable ferrous form.
As a result, it is advisable to take Iron ammonium citrate at least 1 to 2 hours before or after such medications.

Additionally, certain antibiotics, such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, can form complexes with iron, reducing the absorption of both the antibiotic and the iron supplement.
To avoid this interaction, Iron ammonium citrate is recommended to space the administration of these drugs by at least 2 to 4 hours.

Furthermore, high doses of calcium supplements can also interfere with iron absorption and should be taken separately from Iron ammonium citrate.
It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider to discuss any potential interactions with other medications or supplements currently being taken.

In conclusion, Iron ammonium citrate is a valuable iron supplement with a well-established role in the management of iron deficiency-related conditions.
Its ability to provide bioavailable iron makes Iron ammonium citrate an effective treatment option for various forms of anemia.

Understanding its mechanism of action, proper usage, potential side effects, and interactions with other drugs is essential for maximizing Iron ammonium citrate's benefits and minimizing any risks.
As research continues to advance, Iron ammonium citrate remains a cornerstone in the therapeutic arsenal against iron deficiency anemia.

Iron ammonium citrate is classified as a nutritional supplement, and it belongs to iron supplements.
In agriculture, Iron ammonium citrate serves as an iron supplement for plants.
Iron is a vital micronutrient required for the synthesis of chlorophyll and various enzymatic processes.

When introduced into the soil, Iron ammonium citrate dissociates, releasing ferric ions that are readily absorbed by plant roots.
This absorption process ensures that plants receive the necessary iron to support healthy growth and development, especially in iron-deficient soils.

In the realm of photography, Iron ammonium citrate plays a crucial role in the cyanotype process, also known as blueprinting.
This historical photographic printing process involves the use of Iron ammonium citrate in conjunction with potassium ferricyanide.

When paper is treated with a solution of Iron ammonium citrate and exposed to ultraviolet light, a photoreduction reaction occurs.
The ferric ions are reduced to ferrous ions (Fe²⁺), which then react with potassium ferricyanide to form insoluble Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide), creating a blue-colored image on the paper.

Moreover, Iron ammonium citrate is utilized in the food industry as an acidity regulator and nutrient supplement.
Its ability to release ferric ions in solution makes it an effective means of fortifying foods and beverages with essential iron, addressing iron deficiencies in populations with inadequate dietary intake.

-Pharmaceuticals: 
Iron ammonium citrate functions as an oral iron supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia.
Gentler on the digestive system than ferrous salts.

-Photography & Blueprinting uses of Iron ammonium citrate:
Iron ammonium citrate is used in the cyanotype process (sun printing) with potassium ferricyanide.
Iron ammonium citrate acts as a light-sensitive iron complex that produces insoluble blue pigments (Prussian Blue) on exposure.

-Food Industry uses of Iron ammonium citrate:
Iron ammonium citrate is used as a food additive (E381) in mineral-fortified foods.
Iron ammonium citrate acts as an acidity regulator, sequestrant, and iron supplement in:
*Salted products
*Baked goods
*Baby formula
*Dietary supplements
*Recognized by FDA and EFSA with allowable limits.