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Isoamyl Acetate appears as colorless transparent liquid with pleasant banana aroma, being volatile.
Isoamyl Acetate is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, benzene, carbon disulfide and other organic solvents, being almost insoluble in water.
Isoamyl acetate, also known as isopentyl acetate, is an ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, with the molecular formula C7H14O2.
CAS Number: 123-92-2
Molecular Formula: C7H14O2
Molecular Weight: 130.18
EINECS Number: 204-662-3
Synonyms: ISOAMYL ACETATE, 3-Methylbutyl acetate, Isopentyl acetate, Isopentyl ethanoate, Isoamyl ethanoate, 3-Methylbutyl ethanoate, 3-Methyl-1-butyl acetate, Amylacetic ester, 3-Methyl-1-butanol acetate, Iso-amyl acetate, I-Amyl acetate, Isopentyl alcohol acetate, 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate, Acetic acid, isopentyl ester, Amyl acetate (common), Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester, 3-Methyl-1-butanol, acetate, beta-Methylbutyl acetate, 2-Methylbutyl ethanoate, Acetic Acid Isoamyl Ester, Iso Pentyl Acetate, Amyl acetate ester, 3-Methylbutyl ester of acetic acid, Acetic acid, isoamyl ester, Isopentyl ester acetic acid, acetic acid-3-methylbutyl ester, acetate d’isoamyle, acetate d’isopentyle, Isoamylacetat, i-pentyl acetate, IsoaMyl Acetate [for SpectrophotoMetry];ACETATE AMYLE;IsoaMyl acetate, pure, 99+% 1LT;IsoaMyl acetate, pure, 99+% 250ML;Acetic Acid Isoamyl Ester 3-Methylbutyl Acetate Isopentyl Acetate;acetated’isoamyle;Acetic acid, isopentyl ester;aceticacid,isopentylester
Isoamyl Acetate is a colorless liquid that is only slightly soluble in water, but very soluble in most organic solvents.
Isoamyl Acetate has a strong odor which is described as similar to both banana and pear.
Isoamyl Acetate, or mixtures of isoamyl acetate, amyl acetate, and other flavors in ethanol may be referred to as banana oil[4] or pear oil.
Isoamyl acetate is an organic ester produced from the reaction of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, and it is widely recognized for its strong, sweet, banana-like and pear-like odor that is detectable even at very low concentrations.
Isoamyl Acetate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with moderate volatility, low water solubility, and good compatibility with many organic solvents, which makes it easy to use in liquid formulations.
Chemically, it behaves like a typical acetate ester and can undergo hydrolysis under strong acidic or alkaline conditions while remaining stable under normal storage conditions.
Isoamyl acetate is commonly used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages to impart banana and fruity notes, particularly in confectionery, baked goods, and flavored drinks.
It is also widely applied in the fragrance and cosmetics industry in perfumes, soaps, shampoos, and personal care products due to its pleasant and easily recognizable aroma.
In industrial and laboratory applications, it serves as an effective solvent for resins, oils, waxes, and nitrocellulose, and it is also used in respirator fit testing because its odor is easy to detect.
Isoamyl acetate has relatively low acute toxicity, but inhalation of high vapor concentrations may cause irritation of the respiratory tract, headaches, or dizziness.
Direct contact with skin or eyes can lead to mild irritation, especially with prolonged exposure or inadequate protective measures.
The substance is flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air, so proper ventilation, controlled storage conditions, and avoidance of ignition sources are important for safe handling.
Isoamyl acetate is obtained through the esterification between the acetate with the isoamyl alcohol separated from the fusel oil under the catalysis of sulfuric acid.
Isoamyl Acetate is derived from the esterification between acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol.
In the mixture of acetic acid and amyl alcohol, add sulfuric acid for esterification reaction, followed by neutralization with sodium carbonate (or caustic soda) with further calcium chloride dehydration to obtain the crude ester, and then refined by distillation to derive the finished products.
Isoamyl acetate is presented in bananas and cocoa beans and is commercially manufactured using pentanol separated from fusel oil as raw materials.
Isoamyl alcohol and sulfuric acid have been added to glacial acetic acid for heating reflux reaction.
When the temperature of the top of the column reached 132 °C, the esterification was complete.
After cooling, wash with water, and neutralize with 10% NaOH solution and then washed with water to neutral, and finally dried with anhydrous calcium chloride after distillation, collecting 138~143 ° C fractions, being the product.
CH3COOH (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH [H2SO4] → CH3COOCH2CH2CH (CH3) 2 + H2O
In commercial practice amyl invariably means isoamyl, unless it is prefaced by the n- for normal.
Isoamyl acetate has a powerful, fruity odor with a bittersweet taste reminiscent of pear.
If impure, the odor is strong, penetrating, and almost shocking.
Usually prepared by esterification of commercial isoamyl alcohol with acetic acid.
Isoamyl Acetate is a strongly fruity-smelling liquid and has been identified in many fruit aromas.
Isoamyl Acetate is the main component of banana aroma and is, therefore, also used in banana flavors.
All isomers of amyl acetate are highly flammable, colorless to yellow, watery liquids.
Isoamyl acetate has a fruity, banana, sweet, fragrant, powerful odor with a bittersweet taste reminiscent of pear.
If impure, the odor is strong, penetrating and almost shocking. In commercial practice, amyl invariably means isoamyl.
Isoamyl acetate occurs naturally in many plants, including apple, banana, coffee, grape, guava, lychee, papaya, peach, pomegranate, and tomato.
Isoamyl Acetate is also released by fermentation processes, including those used for making beer, sake, cognac, and whisky.
Isoamyl acetate is released by a honey bee's sting apparatus where it serves as a pheromone beacon to attract other bees and provoke them to sting.
Melting point: −78 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 142 °C at 756 mm Hg (lit.)
Density: 0.876 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 5 mm Hg at 25 °C
Refractive index: n²⁰/D 1.4 (lit.)
FEMA: 2055 | Isoamyl acetate
Flash point: 77 °F
Storage temp.: Store at +5 °C to +30 °C
Solubility: Ethanol, soluble (1 mL/3 mL), clear, colorless (60 % ethanol)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear, colorless
Odor: Banana-like odor
pH: 7
Biological source: Synthetic
Odor type: Fruity
Evaporation rate: 0.42
Explosive limit: 1–10 % (v/v)
Water solubility: 0.20 g/100 mL, slightly soluble
JECFA number: 43
Merck: 14,5111
BRN: 1744750
Henry’s law constant: 10.25 at 37 °C (static headspace-GC; Bylaite et al., 2004)
Exposure limits: TLV–TWA 100 ppm (~530 mg/m³); TLV–STEL 125 ppm (~655 mg/m³); IDLH 3000 ppm
Dielectric constant: 5.6 at 20 °C
Cosmetics ingredients function: Solvent
LogP: 2.7 at 35 °C
Reported to be found in a number of naturally occurring products, including apple, banana, cocoa bean, coffee, cognac, grape, peach, pear, pineapple and strawberry.
Isoamyl acetate is prepared by the acid-catalyzed reaction (Fischer esterification) between isoamyl alcohol and glacial acetic acid as shown in the reaction equation below.
Typically, sulfuric acid is used as the catalyst. Alternatively, p-toluenesulfonic acid or an acidic ion exchange resin can be used as the catalyst.
Isoamyl acetate is an organic ester synthesized through an esterification reaction between isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid, resulting in a compound with a very distinctive fruity aroma often described as banana-like, pear-like, or candy-like.
Isoamyl Acetate appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid with a relatively low viscosity and a noticeable vapor pressure that allows its odor to disperse easily in air.
Due to its ester functional group, it shows typical ester reactivity while remaining chemically stable under normal storage and handling conditions.
From a physical and chemical standpoint, isoamyl acetate has low solubility in water but dissolves readily in alcohols, ethers, ketones, and many hydrocarbon solvents.
This solubility profile makes it particularly useful in formulations where water resistance and controlled evaporation are desired.
Its boiling point and evaporation rate are well suited for applications requiring gradual scent release or smooth film formation in coatings.
Isoamyl acetate is widely used in the food industry as a flavoring agent to mimic or enhance banana and other fruity flavors in confectionery, chewing gum, beverages, and bakery products.
In perfumery and cosmetics, it is valued as a top-note fragrance component that provides freshness and sweetness to perfumes, soaps, creams, and hair care products.
The compound is also employed in industrial products such as paints, varnishes, inks, and nail polishes, where it acts as a solvent for resins, oils, and nitrocellulose.
In laboratory and technical applications, isoamyl acetate is frequently used as a solvent in organic synthesis, liquid–liquid extraction, and purification processes.
One of its most well-known practical uses is in respirator fit testing, where its strong and easily recognizable odor helps verify whether a protective mask is properly sealed.
Isoamyl Acetate is also used in entomology and chemical ecology studies, where it can function as a reference compound or attractant in insect behavior experiments.
Isoamyl acetate is generally considered to have low toxicity, but exposure to high concentrations of its vapor may cause irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs, as well as headaches or dizziness.
Prolonged skin contact can lead to mild irritation or dryness, especially if the compound is handled repeatedly without protective gloves.
Eye contact with the liquid or concentrated vapors may result in temporary redness, watering, or discomfort.
Isoamyl Acetate is classified as flammable, and its vapors can form combustible or explosive mixtures with air, particularly in confined or poorly ventilated spaces.
It should therefore be handled away from open flames, sparks, and hot surfaces, and stored in tightly sealed containers under cool, well-ventilated conditions.
With appropriate ventilation, proper storage, and standard safety precautions, isoamyl acetate can be used safely in both industrial and laboratory environments.
Isoamyl acetate is an ester esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.
Isoamyl acetate can react violently with oxidizing materials, nitrates, strong alkalis and strong acids.
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers.
Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Isoamyl acetate is naturally produced by ripening fruit.
It creates a strong, fruity banana or pear odor that is widely used to flavor foods, attract bees, and improve the smell of everything from perfumes to shoe polish.
Isoamyl Acetate is even used as a solvent for oil colors, lacquers, and resins; and, strangely enough, it can be used to test gas masks.
Isoamyl Acetate is sweet fruity banana solvent pear-drops estery choking top-note-modifier melon mulberry pear lemon pineapple strawberry grape cream-soda vanilla rum butter milk cherry apple.
Uses:
Isoamyl Acetate is widely used to configure a variety of fruit flavors, such as Sydney, banana and some other types.
There is also some appropriate application in the smoke and daily make-up essence is also appropriate application.
Isoamyl Acetate can be used in the fragrance of heavy flowers such as chypre, sweet-scented osmanthus, hyacinth and heavy oriental flavor, being able to give the fragrance of fresh flower and adjust the fragrance odor with the dosage being often less than 1%.
Isoamyl Acetate is also applicable to the smiling flower type.
Isoamyl Acetate is also the major spices for the deployment of edible raw pear and banana flavor.
Isoamyl Acetate is also used in apple, pineapple, cocoa, cherry, grape, raspberry, strawberry, peach, caramel, cola, cream, coconut and vanilla bean. Also commonly used in wine and tobacco flavor.
Isoamyl Acetate is a kind of edible fragrance allowed in China.
Isoamyl Acetate can be used to prepare fruit flavors such as strawberry, pineapple, bayberry, pear, apple, grape and banana.
The dosage is 2700mg/kg in normal chewing gum. 190 mg/kg in confectionery; 120 mg/kg in pastry; 56 mg/kg in ice cream; 28 mg/kg in soft drinks.
Isoamyl Acetate is an important solvent, being able to dissolve nitrocellulose, ester gum, vinyl resin, coumarone resin, rosin, frankincense, dama resin, mountain resin and castor oil.
In Japan, 80% of the goods are used as spices, having a strong fruit flavor, like pears, bananas, apples and other fragrance.
Isoamyl Acetate is widely used in a variety of edible fruit flavor.
In the smoke spice and daily cosmetic spice, there is also appropriate application.
Isoamyl Acetate is also used in rayon, dyes, artificial pearls, penicillin extraction and so on.
Isoamyl Acetate provides it as allowable food flavors.
Isoamyl Acetate can also be taken as a solvent, being the major raw material for the preparation of pear and banana flavor.
It is commonly used in alcohol and tobacco flavor, also used in the preparation of apples, pineapple, cocoa, cherries, grapes, strawberries, peaches, butter, coconut and other fragrance preparation.
Isoamyl Acetate can be used as chromatographic standard substance, extraction agent and solvent.
Isoamyl Acetate can be taken as solvent, for chromium determination, photography, printing and dyeing and the extraction agent of iron, cobalt and nickel.
In alcohol solution as a pear flavor in mineral waters and syrups; as solvent for old oil colors, for tannins, nitrocellulose, lacquers, celluloid, and camphor; swelling bath sponges; covering unpleasant odors, perfuming shoe polish; manufacture of artificial silk, leather or pearls, photographic films, celluloid cements, waterproof varnishes, bronzing liquids, and metallic paints; dyeing and finishing textiles.
A special grade of the amyl acetate has been used for burning in the Hefner lamp serving as a photometric standard.
banana oil is a carrier oil.
The banana family is of more interest for its nutritional value rather than for its botanical properties.
The use of plantain juice as an antidote for snake bites has been reported in parts of Southeast Asia since 1916.
Isoamyl Acetate is used to impart pear flavorto mineral waters and syrups, in perfumes, inthe manufacture of artificial silk or leather, inphotographic films, in dyeing textiles, and asa solvent.
Isoamyl Acetate is used to confer banana or pear flavor in foods such as circus peanuts, Juicy Fruit and pear drops.
Banana oil and pear oil commonly refer to a solution of isoamyl acetate in ethanol that is used as an artificial flavor.
It is also used as a solvent for some varnishes, oil paints, and nitrocellulose lacquers.
As a solvent and carrier for materials such as nitrocellulose, it was extensively used in the aircraft industry for stiffening and wind-proofing fabric flying surfaces, where it and its derivatives were generally known as 'aircraft dope'.
Now that most aircraft wings are made of metal, such use is mostly limited to historically accurate reproductions and scale models.
Because of its intense, pleasant odor and its low toxicity, isoamyl acetate is used to test the effectiveness of respirators or gas masks.
Isoamyl Acetate is widely used as a flavoring agent in the food and beverage industry, where it provides a characteristic banana and fruity taste to products such as candies, chewing gum, baked goods, ice creams, and flavored drinks.
Its strong aroma allows it to be effective even at very low concentrations, making it economical and efficient in flavor formulations.
Isoamyl Acetate is also used in the production of artificial fruit essences and flavor blends to enhance or modify existing taste profiles.
In the fragrance and cosmetics industry, isoamyl acetate is employed as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes, colognes, soaps, shampoos, lotions, and other personal care products.
Isoamyl Acetate acts as a top-note component that delivers a fresh, sweet, and fruity scent, improving the overall sensory appeal of cosmetic formulations.
Because of its good stability and compatibility with other fragrance materials, it is easy to incorporate into complex perfume compositions.
Isoamyl acetate is commonly used as a solvent in industrial applications, particularly for nitrocellulose, resins, oils, fats, and waxes.
Isoamyl Acetate is found in products such as paints, varnishes, printing inks, adhesives, and nail polishes, where it helps control viscosity, drying time, and film formation.
Its suitable evaporation rate makes it especially valuable in coatings that require smooth and uniform finishes.
In laboratory and safety-related applications, isoamyl acetate is used in respirator fit testing to evaluate the proper sealing and effectiveness of masks and respirators.
Its easily recognizable odor makes it ideal for qualitative fit tests without the need for complex instruments.
Additionally, it is used in organic synthesis, extraction procedures, and entomological research, where it can serve as a solvent, reference compound, or insect attractant depending on the study design.
Health Hazard:
Isoamyl acetate exhibits low toxicity; thetoxic effects are comparable to those of n amyl acetate.
The toxic symptoms includeirritation of the eyes, nose, and throat;fatigue; increased pulse rate; and narcosis.
Inhalation of its vapors at 1000 ppm for30 minutes may cause irritation, fatigue, andrespiratory distress in humans.
Isoamyl Acetate is more narcotic than are the lower acetic esters.
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (sec-isomer) Human Data.
Isoamyl Acetates are used as industrial solvents and in the manufacturing and dry-cleaning industry; making artificial fruit-flavoring agents; cements, coated papers, lacquers; in medications as an inflammatory agent; pet repellents, insecticides and miticide. Many other uses.
Isoamyl acetate may cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract when exposure occurs at elevated concentrations or for extended periods.
Inhalation of its vapors can lead to headaches, dizziness, nausea, or a feeling of discomfort, particularly in poorly ventilated environments.
Direct contact with the liquid may result in mild skin dryness or redness, especially with repeated handling.
The substance is flammable and its vapors can form combustible or explosive mixtures with air under certain conditions.
Exposure to ignition sources such as sparks, open flames, or hot surfaces can increase the risk of fire or explosion.
For this reason, it should always be handled with adequate ventilation and appropriate fire prevention measures in place.
Prolonged or repeated exposure without proper protective equipment may increase the likelihood of cumulative irritation effects.
Accidental eye contact can cause temporary redness, watering, and discomfort, requiring prompt rinsing with water.
Although it has relatively low acute toxicity, safe handling practices are essential to minimize health and safety risks.
