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Isoamyl Acetate, also known as Isoamyl Acetate, Isoamyl Acetate, Isopentyl Acetate, 3-Methylbutyl Acetate and "banana oil", is an acetate ester with the formula C₇H₁₄O₂, colorless, volatile and with a distinct fruity odor. This ester, identified by CAS No 123-92-2, is produced by esterification of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid; it is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in most organic solvents.
The recommended initial use rate for Isoamyl Acetate is generally 5–15% of the total formulation in paint and coating formulations and approximately 0.25–2.0% in flavor concentrates.
This product, which is also sought after under the name of isopentyl acetate; It is used to give banana and pear flavor in food and beverages, to create a fruity scent note in perfumery and cosmetics, and to act as a solvent in paint, varnish and nitrocellulose systems. In addition, it is also evaluated as a fragrance substance in respiratory mask suitability tests and as a solvent in laboratory extractions.
Thanks to its strong and persistent odor profile, moderate evaporation rate and compatibility with resins, it stands out in formulations where aroma and controlled drying are required compared to ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and other amyl esters. From a formulator's point of view, isoamyl acetate is a practical choice as it combines a distinct banana note and a slow-evaporating medium boiling solvent behavior in a single raw material.
The molecule has an acetyl group, an ester bond, and a branched five-carbon (isopentyl) chain; its structural formula is CH₃COOCH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂. This low-polarity structure, with a molecular weight of approximately 130.18 g/mol, determines the solubility behavior of the product and its susceptibility to hydrolysis typical of esters.
The use of this raw material based on 3-Methylbutyl Acetate in formulation can provide functional benefits such as creating the appropriate solvent balance in nitrocellulose lacquers, adjusting the open time and surface flow in some paint systems, strengthening the pronounced fruity notes in aroma compositions with banana and pear characteristics, and creating a separate organic phase in liquid-liquid extraction processes.
Isoamyl Acetate exhibits both high compatibility with organic solvents and water-limited miscibility due to the structure of the acetate ester group combining polar carbonyl and ether oxygens with a branched 3-methylbutyl hydrocarbon chain; the ester functionality of the molecule also underpins its characteristic volatility and strong fruity odor.
WHAT IS ISOAMYL ACETATE?
Isoamyl Acetate is the acetic acid ester of isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol), also known as Isoamyl Acetate or Isopentyl Acetate in industrial chemistry. The commercial product is usually presented as a colorless to light yellow, clear and mobile liquid. Naturally sourced grades and synthetic grades are available in the market with different purity grades and different uses.
Some of the products on the market may be offered in a mixture with the isomer of 2-methylbutyl acetate instead of pure 3-methylbutyl acetate. In addition, the expression "amyl acetate" can be used for both isoamyl acetate and normal amyl (n-pentyl) acetate in commercial language. For this reason, which product is meant should be clarified with the CAS number during the order and quotation processes. The product discussed on this page is isoamyl acetate, defined by CAS No 123-92-2.
Isoamyl Acetate; It can be sold with different quality and usage definitions such as food flavor (FCC quality), perfumery and fragrance component, paint and lacquer solvent, analytical solvent and test agent. Not all of these definitions refer to the same product; for example, a technical grade solvent and flavor quality produced for food applications are distinguished from each other in terms of purity, impurity profile and certification.
In industrial production, isoamyl acetate is obtained by acid-catalyzed esterification of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid (Fischer esterification); it is then purified by washing, neutralization and distillation steps. In nature, it is found among the aroma components of many fruits such as bananas, pears and apples. It is also known as one of the components of the warning pheromone of honey bees.
The phrase "Amyl Acetate" can be used in commercial language to refer to different isomers or mixtures of isomers of pentyl acetate. While n-Amyl Acetate, Active Amyl Acetate, or various mixtures of pentyl acetate are solvents associated with Isoamyl Acetate, they are not always the same product from a chemical point of view. The main product discussed on this page is 3-Methylbutyl Acetate, identified by CAS No. 123-92-2.
However, not all Isoamyl Acetate products on the market have the same technical, organoleptic or regulatory properties. Actual purity, isoamyl alcohol residue, water content, free acid, color and production route can change the behavior of the product in paint, coating, flavor or fragrance applications. Therefore, it should not be assumed that grades from different manufacturers can be used directly interchangeably based on the product name "Isoamyl Acetate".
Isoamyl Acetate is a defined ester compound; however, esters can undergo hydrolysis reactions under conditions of water, strong acid or strong base. Since acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol can be formed as a result of hydrolysis, humidity, pH and long-term storage conditions may have an impact on quality. Proper sealed packaging and correct storage are therefore important.
Due to its ester structure, Isoamyl Acetate can slowly hydrolyze into isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid when in contact with water for a long time. This property is one of the main reasons why the product is protected from moisture and stored in sealed packaging.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES
Isoamyl Acetate
Isopentyl Acetate
3-Methylbutyl Acetate
Isoamyl Ethanoate
Banana Oil
Isoamyl Acetate
Isopentyl Acetate
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: Isoamyl Acetate / Isoamyl Acetate
Chemical name: 3-Methylbutyl acetate (IUPAC)
Other name: Isopentyl acetate
INCI name: Isoamyl Acetate
Flavor/food number: FEMA No 2055 (No food additive E code; considered as flavoring)
CAS No: 123-92-2
EC/EINECS No: 204-662-3
Molecular formula: C₇H₁₄O₂
Molecular weight: Approximately 130.18 g/mol
Density: Approx. 0.87–0.88 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Boiling point: Approx. 142 °C
Melting point: Approx. −78 °C
Flash point: Approx. 25–33 °C (varies by method and quality)
Chemical class: Organic ester/acetate ester
Basic functions: Aroma and fragrance component, solvent, extraction solvent, odor test agent
n-Amyl Acetate (CAS No 628-63-7) is a different chemical and should not be confused with Isoamyl Acetate.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF ISOAMYL ACETATE
Isoamyl Acetate is a carboxylate ester formed by acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol. At the backbone of the molecule is an ester oxygen attached to the carbonyl (C=O) group and a branched 3-methylbutyl chain attached to it. This structure imparts low polarity, moderate volatility, and hydrophobic character.
It is possible to summarize the structural features of the molecule as follows: the ester bond determines the solvent behavior and susceptibility of the product to hydrolysis; the branched isopentyl chain provides a slightly different odor profile and vaporization behavior compared to n-amyl acetate; it is not a hydrogen bond donor due to the absence of a hydroxyl group and has low water solubility; it has a log Pow value of about 2.3, indicating its tendency towards organic phases.
The ester structure can be hydrolyzed in the presence of strong acid or base. In the base environment, this reaction (saponification) is faster and isoamyl alcohol and acetate salt are formed. In contact with strong oxidizers, the risk of fire and reaction increases; therefore, the product should be kept separate from oxidizing substances.
The characteristic odor of Isoamyl Acetate is due to the fact that the molecule has sufficient vapor pressure and interacts strongly with olfactive receptors. In the FEMA flavor profile, apple, banana and pear notes stand out. Therefore, even small amounts can make a significant contribution to the aroma and fragrance composition.
Performance as an organic solvent is not only due to polarity. Resin solubility, interactions in the solvent blend, boiling range and evaporation rate should be evaluated together. The level of Isoamyl Acetate that is successful in one coating system may not give the same result in another resin system.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ISOAMYL ACETATE
Isoamyl Acetate is generally a colorless, clear, mobile and volatile liquid. Appearance and odor; It may vary slightly depending on the production method, whether it is of natural or synthetic origin and the impurity profile.
General technical specifications:
Physical appearance: Colorless to light yellow, clear liquid
Odor: Strong, fruity; banana and pear note
Chemical character: Organic ester, solvent of medium volatility
Molecular formula: C₇H₁₄O₂
Molecular weight: Approximately 130.18 g/mol
CAS No: 123-92-2
EC/EINECS No: 204-662-3
Purity (assay): Usually specific to a minimum of 95–99%
Density: Approx. 0.872–0.876 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Refractive index: Approx. 1,400–1,404 (20 °C)
Boiling point: About 142 °C (at normal pressure)
Melting point: Approx. −78 °C
Flash point: Approx. 25 °C (closed container; reported between 25–33 °C depending on supplier)
Autoignition temperature: Approx. 360 °C
Vapor pressure: Approx. 5.6 mmHg (25 °C)
Vapor density: Approximately 4.4–4.5 (air = 1)
Explosive limits: Approx. 1.0–7.5% (by volume, air)
Solubility in water: About 2 g/L (20 °C); i.e. slightly soluble in water
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and most fixed oils; insoluble in glycerin and propylene glycol
Log Pow (octanol/water): Approximately 2.26
Viscosity: Low; approx. 0.9 mPa·s (20 °C)
Acidity: Restricted by low acidity value depending on specification
Humidity: Limited to low upper limit depending on specification
The values of Isoamyl Acetate may vary slightly according to the measurement method, purity and 2-methylbutyl acetate isomer ratio. In particular, the flash point varies according to the closed container or open container method; therefore, storage and transportation decisions should be based on the supplier's current SDS value.
These values are for general technical promotion; they should not be used as a binding specification of the product to be purchased. Parameters such as purity, density, moisture, acidity and isoamyl alcohol residue should be checked on the supplier's current TDS and COA documents.
HOW DOES ISOAMYL ACETATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The main effect of Isoamyl Acetate in formulations is through the intermolecular interaction of the ester molecule with organic resin and hydrophobic components, helping to reduce formulation viscosity and then evaporating in a controlled manner.
In aroma and fragrance applications, the ester molecule passes into the vapor phase and is detected by olfactory receptors and creates the characteristic banana and pear scent. Thanks to its very low detection threshold, it noticeably affects the scent profile of the formulation, even if used in very small amounts.
In solvent applications, its low-polarity ester structure helps dissolve substances such as nitrocellulose, some acrylic resins, varnish resins, and oils. Since it evaporates more slowly than ethyl acetate, it can contribute to flow and surface smoothness during film formation.
In odor test applications, it is a test substance used to check the tightness of respirators thanks to its low toxicity and very distinct odor perception. If the user does not detect the odor while the mask is worn, it is assumed that the mask fits properly.
The performance of Isoamyl Acetate depends on the concentration used, the solvent or flavouring components used together, the temperature and the method of application. Therefore, the product should not be evaluated alone but in combination with the other ingredients of the formulation.
The molecular and surface-level functions of Isoamyl Acetate can differ based on the application:
Flavoring banana and pear in food and beverages
Creating a fruity top note in perfumery and fragrance compositions
Acting as a solvent in nitrocellulose, lacquer, varnish and paint systems
To be used as a solvent in resin and oil solution and extraction processes
Being an odorant in respirator mask conformity tests
To be involved as a solvent in laboratory analyzes and extractions
To be an auxiliary ingredient in formulations of other acetate esters and flavor compounds
IN WHICH SECTORS IS ISOAMYL ACETATE USED?
Isoamyl Acetate is a versatile ester raw material used in different fields, especially in the paint-coating, flavor-fragrance and chemical sectors, thanks to its organic solvent character, strong fruity odor and low water solubility. The purpose of use varies according to product quality and application system.
Main areas of use:
Nitrocellulose lacquer and lacquer systems
Varnishes
Industrial paints
Automotive paint systems
Special solvent blends
Solvent-based printing inks
Adhesive systems
Sealant and elastomer process solvents
Flavor compounds
Banana flavor systems
Pear flavor systems
Apple and mixed-fruit flavors
Confectionery flavors
Chewing gum flavors
Beverage flavor concentrates
Bakery flavor systems
Fragrance compounds
Fine fragrance fruity accords
Personal care fragrance systems
Nail-varnish-remover formulations
Artificial leather processes
Leather coating applications
Textile coating systems
Chemical extraction processes
Liquid-liquid extraction
Azeotropic separation processes
Chemical synthesis and intermediate process solvent
Laboratory and research applications
Specific technical test applications based on odor
One of the most well-known uses of Isoamyl Acetate is in the flavor and fragrance industry, creating banana, pear and apple characters. On the industrial side, its use in solvent-based systems such as nitrocellulose lacquer, varnish and automotive paint stands out.
The performance that every industry expects from Isoamyl Acetate is different. The dye manufacturer may focus on solvent strength, water content, and evaporation behavior, while the flavor manufacturer may focus more on organoleptic quality, impurity profile, and FEMA/JECFA documentation, and the fragrance manufacturer may pay more attention to the stability of the odor profile and product color.
PAINT, COATING, NITROCELLULOSE AND SOLVENT APPLICATIONS OF ISOAMYL ACETATE
In paint and coating formulations, Isoamyl Acetate can be considered as an active or co-solvent component depending on the resin and solvent system. It has historical and commercial use, especially in nitrocellulose-based lacquer and varnish systems.
Possible functions of Isoamyl Acetate in solvent applications include:
Solubilizing resin or binder components
Lowering formulation viscosity
Adjusting the application viscosity
Contributing to film streaming
Supporting leveling behavior
Offsetting the early evaporation of fast solvents
To serve as a solvent blend component in nitrocellulose lacquers
Providing organic carrier in varnish systems
For use in automotive paint solvent packs
Contributing to setting the open time in paint application
To be used in combination with other ester and ketone solvents in coating formulation
Solvent balance is particularly important in nitrocellulose systems. Too rapid solvent loss can lead to premature viscosity increase and poor leveling performance on the film surface, while too slow solvents can prolong drying time. Isoamyl Acetate is one of the esters that can be evaluated in solvent blend design between these two ends.
In automotive paint and industrial coating systems, Isoamyl Acetate is often treated as a component of the solvent mixture rather than as the sole solvent. Combinations with Butyl Acetate, Ethyl Acetate, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, or other oxygenated solvents can help adjust the targeted drying and solubility profile.
When the solvent ratio is increased, the formulation viscosity usually decreases, but the solids content and VOC profile also change. Therefore, increasing the amount of solvent just to reduce viscosity is not the right optimization approach.
In nitrocellulose lacquer applications, solvent blend, nitrocellulose grade, plasticizer, resin, pigment and application method should be evaluated together. It cannot be understood from the product name alone that an Isoamyl Acetate product will give the same performance in all nitrocellulose systems.
USES OF ISOAMYL ACETATE IN FLAVOR, FRAGRANCE, PERSONAL CARE AND FOOD APPLICATIONS
Isoamyl Acetate is one of the defined flavor chemicals used as a flavoring agent in products of appropriate quality and documentation. FEMA Flavor Library provides FEMA No. 2055 and JECFA No. 43 records for the product, while defining the flavor profile as apple, banana and pear.
JECFA evaluates Isoamyl Acetate as a flavoring agent and carrier solvent. The flavor specification gives the chemical name 3-Methylbutyl Acetate and defines a minimum of 95% assay.
Banana flavor is one of the most characteristic applications of Isoamyl Acetate. The molecule alone does not represent the entire natural banana flavor, but it provides the strong and easily recognizable banana ester note.
In pear flavor formulations, the same ester can create a bright and fruity top note. The traditional name "pear oil" is linked to this fragrance association.
It can be used in Apple and mixed-fruit compositions in lower proportions. Isoamyl Acetate is often used in combination with other esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and flavor chemicals to create a more complex profile.
Appropriate flavor grade product can be evaluated in confectionery, chewing gum, beverage, bakery and frozen-dessert flavor systems. The final usage level should be determined within the framework of the target aroma profile and applicable legislation.
In the fragrance industry, Isoamyl Acetate can be used to create fruity top-notes. It can make a significant contribution especially in banana, pear, tropical fruit, candy and fantasy-fruit accords.
In personal care applications, the solvent function of the product can also be evaluated. Current industrial supplier information indicates its use in applications such as nail-varnish-remover.
However, it is not correct to automatically accept technical grade Isoamyl Acetate as food, flavor, fragrance or cosmetic grade. In these applications, appropriate supplier documentation, purity profile and, when necessary, regulatory statements should be requested.
Natural Isoamyl Acetate is also commercially available. However, it cannot be assumed that the product is natural only by looking at its molecular structure; Natural Claim must be verified with a supplier certificate according to the source of production and applicable legislation.
IS ISOAMYL ACETATE USED IN FOOD, COSMETICS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
In the food field, isoamyl acetate is a flavoring agent defined by FEMA No 2055 and is widely used in the preparation of banana, pear and other fruit flavors of appropriate quality. However, it is not a food additive (E-coded additive), but a flavor component; therefore, it does not have an E number. The product to be used in food must be of food quality (e.g. FCC), supported by relevant documents and used in accordance with the flavor legislation of the target market.
In the field of cosmetics and personal care, isoamyl acetate can be considered as a fragrance ingredient with the name INCI name Isoamyl Acetate. In cosmetic use, appropriate purity quality, safety assessment, permissible conditions of use and current cosmetic legislation should be checked.
Isoamyl acetate produced as a technical grade solvent should not be used directly as a raw material in food, cosmetics or pharmaceutical products. Technical grades may not be designed to meet the purity, impurity profile and certification required for these areas.
In the pharmaceutical field, isoamyl acetate is mostly considered as a laboratory solvent and extraction aid. In such uses, a product that meets the relevant quality requirements and is properly certified should be preferred.
Isoamyl Acetate is a functional solvent evaluated in numerous industrial systems due to its organic solvency, controlled evaporation profile, low water solubility, and compatibility with organic phases.
The following functions may be prominent in industrial Isoamyl Acetate applications:
Nitrocellulose solubilization
Creating a varnish solvent system
Industrial paint viscosity control
Creating automotive paint solvent blend
Supporting film leveling behavior
Printing ink solvent package creation
Contributing to adhesive open-time control
Creating an organic extraction phase
Liquid-liquid extraction
Azeotropic separation
Solvent medium in chemical reactions
Laboratory solvent applications
Flavour and fragrance carrier function
In the paint industry, Isoamyl Acetate can be used for solubilizing solvent-based resins and adjusting the application viscosity. Nitrocellulose lacquer and varnish applications are among the solvent areas most commonly associated with this product.
In the chemical industry, it can be utilized in liquid-liquid extraction processes due to its low water solubility. It is possible to separate the target component from the solvent by distillation and recover Isoamyl Acetate.
In the production of flavors and fragrances, the same molecular property is used for a different purpose. Sufficient volatility allows the aroma molecule to pass into the headspace and contribute to the characteristic fruity profile.
The following issues should be evaluated in the use of Isoamyl Acetate in industrial systems:
Product quality and purity
Water content
Free acid / acid value
Residual isoamyl alcohol
Color
Odor profile
Boiling range
Density
Refractive index
Solvent compatibility
Evaporation profile
Resin solubility
Application temperature
Ventilation requirements
Flammable-liquid controls
TDS and SDS information
Batch COA values
WHAT PROBLEMS CAN ISOAMYL ACETATE HELP SOLVE?
Isoamyl Acetate can help solve various needs associated with solvent balance, insufficient fruity aroma, extraction phase creation and formulation viscosity in paint, coating, flavor, fragrance and chemical process systems. However, its effect depends on the grade used, dosage and system conditions.
Insufficient solvent balance in nitrocellulose systems
Improper solvent packing in nitrocellulose lacquer systems can lead to high viscosity, poor flow, or uneven drying behavior. When Isoamyl Acetate is used in combination with other suitable solvents, it can contribute to nitrocellulose solubility and film formation.
Very fast solvent loss in paint and varnish
In systems that rely only on low-boiling solvents, viscosity can rise very quickly after application. With a boiling point of about 142 °C, Isoamyl Acetate can help regulate leveling time as one of the later evaporating components of the solvent package.
Insufficient banana or pear character in the flavor system
A flavor composition may lack the bright fruity top note that is targeted. The appropriate flavor grade Isoamyl Acetate can provide strong ester character that supports banana, pear and apple profile.
Weak fruity top note in fragrance system
Fragrance compositions with intense base notes may not give enough fruity effect on the first application. Isoamyl Acetate can enhance the opening character of the composition by providing a quickly perceived fruity top note.
Need for suitable organic phase for liquid-liquid extraction
Solvents that are highly soluble with water may not be suitable in processes where phase separation is required. Isoamyl Acetate's low water solubility helps to create separate organic phases in suitable systems.
High formulation viscosity
In compatible solvent-based resins, the viscosity may remain high for the process or application, making pumping, atomization, or surface spreading difficult. Isoamyl Acetate can help reduce viscosity as a solvent component in the appropriate resin system.
Insufficient lacquer surface flow
If the solvent is removed from the film surface too quickly, it can increase the risk of orange peeling or under-leveling. With a more balanced solvent blend design, Isoamyl Acetate can contribute to keeping the surface fluid for sufficient time before sealing.
It should not be assumed that every Isoamyl Acetate product will show the same process and organoleptic behavior. The usage rate and product grade should be verified by laboratory and production trials.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING ISOAMYL ACETATE
One of the most common mistakes in the use of Isoamyl Acetate is that all commercial products with the same CAS number are considered the same grade. Technical, flavor, fragrance, natural and reagent grade products may have different impurity limits and documentation.
The following issues should be considered when using Isoamyl Acetate:
The grade suitable for the intended use should be selected.
The Assay value should be checked.
Water content should be checked.
Free acid or acid value should be evaluated.
Residual isoamyl alcohol should be checked.
Organoleptic evaluation should be made in flavor and fragrance applications.
If natural grade is required, a supplier declaration should be requested.
Resin compatibility should be tested in solvent applications.
The evaporation behavior in the solvent blend should be evaluated.
Flash point and ventilation requirements should be taken into account.
It should be kept away from open sources of flames and sparks.
The compatibility of storage tank, pipe, pump, and seal materials should be evaluated.
Dosage and formulation should be determined by laboratory trials.
TDS and SDS documents should be examined.
Batch analysis results should be verified through COA.
Isoamyl Acetate is a flammable liquid and its vapors are heavier than air. Proper ventilation, ignition-source control and necessary occupational safety equipment should be used in transfer, filling, mixing and solvent blending processes.
The total vapor exposure of other volatile raw materials used together in flavor and fragrance production should be evaluated separately. In solvent blend systems, the flash point and explosive-limit properties of other flammable solvents should be taken into account for the entire mixture.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR ISOAMYL ACETATE
The following examples are initial approaches to illustrate how Isoamyl Acetate can be evaluated in the formulation and process development process. These are not validated commercial recipes, manufacturing instructions, or final formulas that comply with regulations.
The levels given are sample starting points for laboratory pre-assessments. The Isoamyl Acetate grade used, the resin system, other solvents, and process conditions can significantly alter the result.
EXAMPLE 1: ISOAMYL ACETATE RATIO SCREENING FOR NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER SOLVENT BLEND
Objective: To compare the effect of Isoamyl Acetate level on nitrocellulose solubility, lacquer viscosity, leveling, drying time and film appearance.
Starting approach:
Nitrocellulose resin solids: 15%
Compatible resin: 10%
Plasticizer: 5%
Main fast ester solvent: 30%
Isoamyl Acetate: Screened as separate samples at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% levels
Co-solvent: 35%, 30%, 25% and 20% respectively according to the level of Isoamyl Acetate
Each sample total: 100%
Film thickness: kept constant in all samples
Drying temperature and airflow: kept constant in all samples
Application approach:
Nitrocellulose and resin components are dissolved in the appropriate solvent blend under controlled mixing.
The first sample is prepared to contain 5% Isoamyl Acetate + 35% co-solvent, the second sample to contain 10% Isoamyl Acetate + 30% co-solvent, the third sample to contain 15% Isoamyl Acetate + 25% co-solvent, and the fourth sample to contain 20% Isoamyl Acetate + 20% co-solvent.
The percentages of all other ingredients are kept constant, and each formulation is completed to 100%.
The initial viscosity is measured for each solvent blend.
Uniform film thickness is applied on the standard panel.
Tack-free time, through-dry time, leveling, gloss, haze and residual odor are compared.
The most balanced solvent profile is taken to further performance tests.
EXAMPLE 2: ISOAMYL ACETATE LEVEL SCREENING IN BANANA / PEAR FLAVOR COMPOSITION
Objective: To compare the effect of flavor-grade Isoamyl Acetate level on fruity impact, banana character, pear note and overall balance.
Starting approach:
Flavor base: 90%
Other fruity esters: 5%
Isoamyl Acetate: Screened as separate samples at 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, and 2.00%
Carrier system: 4.75%, 4.50%, 4.00% and 3.00% according to Isoamyl Acetate level, respectively
Each flavour concentrate total: 100%
Final dilution: kept the same across all samples
Evaluation temperature: kept the same in all samples
Application approach:
Only suitable flavor-grade raw materials are used.
The first sample is prepared to contain 0.25% Isoamyl Acetate + 4.75% carrier, the second sample to contain 0.50% Isoamyl Acetate + 4.50% carrier, the third sample to contain 1.00% Isoamyl Acetate + 4.00% carrier and the fourth sample to contain 2.00% Isoamyl Acetate + 3.00% carrier.
The proportions of flavor base and other fruity esters are kept constant in all samples and each concentrate is completed to 100%.
Headspace fruity impact, banana note, pear note, solvent-like character and overall balance are compared sensorially.
Levels that form excessive ester character are eliminated.
The selected flavor concentrate level is further verified within the scope of the relevant legislation and safety assessment of the final application.
EXAMPLE 3: ISOAMYL ACETATE PHASE RATIO PRE-TRIAL FOR LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
Objective: To evaluate the effect of Isoamyl Acetate/aqueous feed ratio on the extraction efficiency and phase separation behavior of the target organic compound.
Starting approach:
Sample 1: Aqueous feed 80% + Isoamyl Acetate 20%
Sample 2: Aqueous feed 66.7% + Isoamyl Acetate 33.3%
Sample 3: Aqueous feed 50% + Isoamyl Acetate 50%
Sample 4: Aqueous feed 33.3% + Isoamyl Acetate 66.7%
Each sample total: 100%
Mixing time: kept constant across all samples
Temperature: kept constant across all samples
Settling time: kept constant across all samples
Application approach:
Aqueous feed and Isoamyl Acetate are prepared in separate samples according to the above percentages.
Each sample is brought into contact with the same amount of time and the same mixing intensity.
After mixing, the same time is expected for phase separation.
Aqueous and organic phase concentrations are analyzed.
Distribution coefficient and extraction percentage are calculated.
Emulsion formation and phase disengagement time are recorded.
The appropriate phase ratio is also evaluated in the multi-stage extraction design.
ALTERNATIVES TO ISOAMYL ACETATE
The alternative to Isoamyl Acetate is not just about choosing another acetate solvent. When determining the alternative, the targeted solvency, evaporation rate, boiling point, odor, water solubility, regulatory grade and final product performance should be evaluated together.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND n-BUTYL ACETATE
n-Butyl Acetate is another acetate ester that is very widely used in the paint, coating, and ink industry. It has a lower boiling point and different evaporation rate than Isoamyl Acetate.
n-Butyl Acetate is a strong reference solvent, especially in general industrial solvent use. Isoamyl Acetate, on the other hand, shows different formulation behavior due to slower evaporation and pronounced banana-like odor.
When switching between two products, only the same weight of solvent should not be changed. Resin solubility, viscosity, drying time, leveling and odor should be re-evaluated.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND ETHYL ACETATE
Ethyl Acetate is an acetate solvent with a much lower boiling point and faster evaporation. It can be advantageous in systems that require fast drying.
Isoamyl Acetate can stay in the film for a longer period of time due to its higher boiling point. This property can be advantageous for leveling in some coating systems, but it can also extend the drying time.
In the field of flavor, the two esters also have different odor profiles. Therefore, not only the solvent properties but also the organoleptic character should be taken into account in the selection of alternatives.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND ISOBUTYL ACETATE
Isobutyl Acetate is also a lower boiling range ester used as a paint and coating solvent. Isoamyl Acetate shows heavier molecular structure and lower evaporation rate.
In a solvent blend, Isobutyl Acetate can be evaluated in the faster section and Isoamyl Acetate in the later evaporating section. The exact behavior depends on the entire formulation.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND ISOAMYL ALCOHOL
Isoamyl Alcohol is the basic alcohol raw material used in the production of Isoamyl Acetate. Due to the hydroxyl group, it shows different polarity, hydrogen bonding and solvent behavior compared to the ester product.
Isoamyl Alcohol and Isoamyl Acetate are not equivalent products. Aroma profiles and solvent performances are also different from each other.
If acetate is to be used instead of alcohol in a solvent blend, resin compatibility and evaporation profile should be re-evaluated.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND ISOAMYL BUTYRATE
Isoamyl Butyrate is one of the heavier fruity esters used in the flavor and fragrance sectors. It may show a different and heavier fruity profile compared to the banana and pear character of Isoamyl Acetate.
These products are not a direct one-to-one alternative in flavor formulation. Target flavor profile, volatility and organoleptic intensity should be evaluated together.
ISOAMYL ACETATE AND OTHER FLAVOR ESTERS
Ethyl Butyrate, Ethyl Acetate, Butyl Acetate, Isoamyl Butyrate, Hexyl Acetate and similar esters can provide different fruity characteristics. The volatility, odor threshold and fruit association properties of each ester are different.
Isoamyl Acetate is especially preferred when banana, pear and apple are strong. In more realistic flavor compositions, more than one ester is often used together.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR ISOAMYL ACETATE
When purchasing Isoamyl Acetate, it is not enough to decide only on the product name and price. Technical specifications and documents of technical solvent, high-purity, flavor, fragrance, natural and analytical grade products may be different.
Recommended information to review before purchasing:
Product name and manufacturer
Full chemical identity
CAS number
EC/EINECS number
Grade
Purity / assay
Water content
Free acid
Acid value
Residual isoamyl alcohol
Color
Appearance
Odor profile
Specific gravity / density
Refractive index
Distillation range
Nonvolatile residue
Boiling point
Flash point
FEMA information if flavor grade
JECFA information
FCC or related flavor specification
If a natural-origin certificate is required, the relevant declaration
Regulatory statements related to fragrance applications
TDS
SDS
COA
Production and batch information
Information of origin
Packaging type
Net quantity
Storage conditions
Shelf life or retest period
REACH information
Transport class
The COA shows the actual analysis results of a given batch of Isoamyl Acetate. The TDS describes the standard technical specifications and general uses of the product. The SDS contains safe handling, handling, storage, and emergency information.
These documents are not interchangeable and should be evaluated together. Especially for flavor and fragrance applications, not only the assay but also the organoleptic quality and relevant legislation documents should be checked.
When purchasing a flavor or fragrance grade product, it may be useful to make an odor comparison with the existing supplier sample. Even very low levels of impurity differences can affect the sensory profile in strong aroma chemicals.
STORAGE AND HANDLING OF ISOAMYL ACETATE
Storage: Isoamyl Acetate should be stored in its tightly sealed original packaging in the manufacturer's recommended conditions, in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and ignition factors. Suitable storage areas for flammable liquids should be preferred, and non-sparking equipment and grounding should be used in storage and filling areas.
Incompatible substances: Isoamyl acetate; should be stored separately from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and strong bases. It is important to keep the packaging tightly closed, as prolonged contact with moisture and water can lead to the product to hydrolyze slowly.
Transfer and handling: Containers should be grounded and connections should be made to prevent static electricity build-up when transferring Isoamyl Acetate. Clean, dry, and compatible equipment should be preferred during use, unused product should not be returned to the packaging, and the packaging should be properly sealed again.
Transportation: Isoamyl acetate is generally considered within the scope of UN 1104 (amyl acetates), Class 3 (flammable liquids), packing group III in international transportation. The current transport classification and packing group should be checked against the supplier's SDS document.
Spillage: When Isoamyl Acetate is spilled, ignition sources should be removed, the environment should be ventilated, and the product should be collected with non-flammable absorbent material (such as sand, soil, vermiculite) and taken into closed and labeled containers. The product should be prevented from reaching sewers and surface water. Flammable absorbents (sawdust, paper) should not be used.
Shelf life: The shelf life of a product stored under appropriate conditions varies depending on the packaging and quality; products that have been stored for a long time should be checked against specifications before use.
ISOAMYL ACETATE SAFETY INFORMATION
The safe use of Isoamyl Acetate depends on the up-to-date SDS document of the supplied product and the implementation of appropriate occupational safety measures.
Isoamyl acetate is a flammable liquid and its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air. Supplier SDSs usually include a flammable liquid (Category 3) classification and a warning for skin dryness or cracking on repeated exposure (EUH066). High vapor concentrations can cause central nervous system effects such as headache, dizziness and drowsiness, and eye and respiratory irritation. Current hazard and precautionary statements should be checked in the supplier's SDS document.
Chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face protection with side protection, appropriate work clothing and adequate ventilation should be used during work. Local suction should be provided in areas where steam is generated, and appropriate respiratory protection with organic vapor filters should be used when necessary. It is recommended to have an eye shower and emergency shower in the work area.
In the event of a fire, foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, or water mist can be used; intense water jets should not be preferred as they may splash and spread. Gases such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can be generated during a fire. Fire brigade personnel should wear appropriate protective clothing and independent breathing apparatus. Containers exposed to heat should be cooled with water mist.
Isoamyl Acetate and its containing waste solvents should be prevented from reaching sewage, soil or surface water uncontrollably. Waste disposal should be carried out in accordance with local legislation and the methods specified in the SDS.
It should not be assumed that the safety information of different manufacturers or different grades is the same. Up-to-date SDS and manufacturer technical documents should be taken as basis.
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN BUYING ISOAMYL ACETATE?
The first step in the supply of Isoamyl Acetate is to clarify the purpose and system for which the product will be used. The quality criteria sought for nitrocellulose lacquer, automotive paint, fragrance, flavor, extraction or laboratory applications are not the same.
For this reason, instead of writing only "Isoamyl Acetate" in the purchase request, specifying the usage area, desired grade, purity and critical technical parameters makes it easier to evaluate the right product.
The following information should be clarified before purchasing:
Use sector and end application
Desired grade
Minimum required assay
Water content limit
Free acid / acid value limit
Residual isoamyl alcohol limit
Color specification
Odor requirement
Density specification
Refractive-index requirement
Distillation-range requirement
Nonvolatile-residue requirement
Flavor use if there is FEMA / JECFA / related food documentation
Fragrance use, if any, relevant regulatory documentation
Natural grade required natural-origin declaration
Manufacturer and origin information requirement
Desired packaging type and quantity
The need for TDS
The need for SDS
The need for COA
REACH and related legislation documents
If substituting with an existing product, current TDS and COA information
Isoamyl Acetate price; It may vary according to purity, quality class, natural or synthetic source, isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid costs, order quantity, packaging, flammable material logistics and current market conditions. For this reason, the current price should be evaluated on the offer together with the product specification and delivery conditions.
ISOAMYL ACETATE SUPPLY FROM ATAMAN KIMYA
Isoamyl Acetate is an important ester chemical evaluated in flavoring, perfumery, paint and coating, laboratory and occupational safety applications. It is important for companies planning to purchase the product to clarify the quality, technical specifications and necessary documents suitable for the area of use before ordering.
Companies that want to get information about the supply of Isoamyl Acetate from Ataman Kimya can request information about product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and price offer by sharing their usage areas and technical needs.
The current stock status, origin, quality class, technical specifications, packaging and specifications of the product should be confirmed from Ataman Kimya before ordering.
Sharing the following information in the request for quote facilitates the evaluation of the right Isoamyl Acetate product:
Use sector and end application
Requested grade
Minimum purity requested
Water content requirement
Free acid / acid value requirement
Residual alcohol limit
Whether flavor or fragrance is used
Natural-origin requirement
Knowledge of the formulation or process used
Estimated order quantity
Type of packaging requested
Requested technical documents
TDS or COA information of the current product, if applicable
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ISOAMYL ACETATE
What is Isoamyl Acetate?
Isoamyl Acetate is a colorless, fruity-smelling organic ester of acetate with the formula C₇H₁₄O₂. It is also known by names such as Isopentyl Acetate, 3-Methylbutyl Acetate, and Banana Oil and is used as a solvent, flavor, and fragrance ingredient.
What does Isoamyl Acetate mean?
Isoamyl Acetate is the ester formed by 3-methyl-1-butanol, known as isoamyl alcohol, with acetic acid.
What is the CAS number of Isoamyl Acetate?
CAS No. is 123-92-2.
What is the EC number of Isoamyl Acetate?
EC/EINECS No. 204-662-3.
What is the molecular formula of Isoamyl Acetate?
C₇H₁₄O₂.
What is the molecular weight of Isoamyl Acetate?
It is approximately 130.18 g/mol.
What are other names for Isoamyl Acetate?
Isopentyl Acetate, 3-Methylbutyl Acetate, Isoamyl Ethanoate, 3-Methylbutyl Ethanoate, and Banana Oil are among the common names.
Why is Isoamyl Acetate called Banana Oil?
It has traditionally been called Banana Oil because its characteristic smell intensely evokes the character of banana. This name does not necessarily mean that the product is obtained from bananas.
Is Isoamyl Acetate natural?
There are both synthetic and properly documented natural-origin commercial products. Natural status must be verified through supplier documentation.
What does Isoamyl Acetate smell like?
In FEMA and JECFA records, fruity is defined by banana, pear and apple aspects.
Can Isoamyl Acetate be used in food?
It can be considered as a flavoring agent when the appropriate flavor grade and relevant regulatory conditions are met. Its FEMA number is 2055 and its JECFA number is 43.
What is the FEMA number for Isoamyl Acetate?
FEMA is 2055.
What is the JECFA number of Isoamyl Acetate?
JECFA is 43.
What is the boiling point of Isoamyl Acetate?
It is around 142 °C; slight differences may exist depending on the source and test condition.
What is the density of Isoamyl Acetate?
It is around 0.87–0.876 g/cm³.
Is Isoamyl Acetate soluble in water?
It is only slightly soluble in water. NIOSH gives a solubility of about 0.3%, while high purity technical sources show values of about 2 g/L.
Is Isoamyl Acetate soluble in ethanol?
The JECFA specification defines its solubility in ethanol, and the product agrees well with many organic solvents.
Is Isoamyl Acetate flammable?
It is classified as a flammable liquid and has a transport class of Class 3.
What is the flash point value of Isoamyl Acetate?
Depending on the test method, different values may be found. NIOSH gives about 77 °F, or about 25 °C, while some current technical products report about 33 °C.
What is the UN number of Isoamyl Acetate?
UN 1104.
In which industries is Isoamyl Acetate used?
It can be used in paint-coating, nitrocellulose lacquer, varnish, solvent, flavor, fragrance, personal care, extraction and chemical processing sectors.
Does Isoamyl Acetate dissolve nitrocellulose?
Nitrocellulose is one of the known solvents used in lacquer systems. The exact solvency and optimum ratio should be verified by the nitrocellulose grade and solvent blend used.
Is Isoamyl Acetate used in the paint industry?
Current manufacturer sources specify applications such as automotive paints, varnishes, and nitrocellulose lacquers.
Is Isoamyl Acetate used in fragrance products?
Fruity can be used in fragrance formulation due to its top-note character.
What is the difference between Isoamyl Acetate and n-Butyl Acetate?
Both are acetate esters but n-Butyl Acetate has lower boiling point and different evaporation rate. Isoamyl Acetate carries more pronounced banana-like odor.
Can Technical Grade Isoamyl Acetate be used in food application?
It cannot be used automatically. For food and flavor application, the appropriate grade and relevant supplier documentation must be verified.
Is Natural Isoamyl Acetate and synthetic product chemically different?
The parent molecule may be the same. The difference is the source of the raw material, the production route and the associated natural-origin documentation.
What technical specifications are important when purchasing Isoamyl Acetate?
Assay, water content, free acid, residual isoamyl alcohol, density, refractive index, distillation range, color, odor and grade are among the important parameters.
What documents should be required when purchasing Isoamyl Acetate?
TDS, SDS, and COA are the basic documents. Depending on the application, flavor, fragrance, natural-origin, REACH, Halal, Kosher, or other certificates of conformity may also be requested.
How should Isoamyl Acetate be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated environment, in tightly sealed conformal packaging, away from direct sunlight, heat, sparks, and open flame sources.
ISOAMYL ACETATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Isoamyl Acetate, known as Isoamyl Acetate or Isopentyl Acetate in Turkish, is a colorless, clear, fruity odorous organic acetate ester with C₇H₁₄O₂ formula. It can be searched by different names such as Isopentyl Acetate, 3-Methylbutyl Acetate, Isoamyl Ethanoate and Banana Oil; It is defined by FEMA 2055 and JECFA 43 IDs in the flavor industry.
Isoamyl Acetate does not refer to a single commercial grade. Although technical, high-purity, flavor, fragrance, natural and reagent grades are based on the same basic molecule, they may differ in assay, residual alcohol, water, acid value, organoleptic profile and documentation.
CAS No. 123-92-2 and EC No. 204-662-3 are used for Isoamyl Acetate. It has a molecular weight of approximately 130.18 g/mol, a boiling point of approximately 142 °C, a density of approximately 0.87 g/cm³, and a low water solubility.
The product is basically solvent in nitrocellulose lacquer, varnish, paint and other organic solvent formulations; fruity aroma ingredient in flavor and fragrance systems; and as an extraction or process solvent in chemical processing. Especially banana, pear and apple character is the most distinguishing organoleptic feature of the product.
In paint and coating applications, performance should be evaluated together with solvent blend, resin type, solids content, application method and environmental conditions. In flavor and fragrance applications, product grade, organoleptic profile, residual impurities and regulatory documentation are critical.
When working with Isoamyl Acetate, a flammable Class 3 liquid, ignition sources should be checked and proper ventilation should be ensured. The current SDS is the basic document for the safe use, storage and transportation of the product.
It is recommended that companies planning to supply Isoamyl Acetate from Ataman Kimya confirm the current product, stock, origin, packaging and offer information by sharing the usage area, requested grade, minimum assay, water and acidity limits, flavor/fragrance or natural-origin requirement, quantity and technical document needs.
