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ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, known in industry as TGIC and Triglycidyl Isosinorate, is a multifunctional epoxy compound with the formula C₁₂H₁₁₅N₃O₆ and carries three reactive epoxy groups on a stable isocyanurate ring. This raw material, identified by CAS No 2451-62-9, is a curing agent specifically used in the crosslinking of polyester resins with carboxyl function.
ISOCYANURATE, the initial utilization rate of TRIGLYCIDYL is generally assessed at about 5–8% of the binder phase in polyester powder coating systems with carboxyl function; a common starting point is a ratio of 93% polyester resin + 7% TGIC. The exact ISOCYANURATE should be calculated based on the percentage of TRIGLYCIDYL, the acid value of the polyester resin, and the epoxy equivalent weight of the TGIC grade used.
The most important use of TGIC-based systems is pure polyester powder coatings that require outdoor resistance. The three-function epoxy structure reacts with the carboxyl groups of the polyester resin to form a three-dimensional thermoset network, contributing to the hardness, mechanical strength, chemical resistance, surface integrity, and exterior performance of the coating.
The presence of three glycidyl groups in the same molecule distinguishes TGIC from classic non-functional epoxy compounds with its stable isocyanurate ring. This structure is particularly important in polyester powder coating systems developed for architectural aluminum profiles, outdoor furniture, agricultural and construction equipment, railings, metal doors, and metal parts exposed to the elements for long periods of time.
For commercial powder coating quality products, the epoxy equivalent weight is usually in the range of about 100–110 g/ekeq. Together with the acid value of the polyester resin, this value is the key parameter for calculating the required amount of TGIC. A polyester/TGIC binder ratio of approximately 93:7 is a common starting point in the industry; this corresponds to about 7% TGIC in the binder phase. However, the actual utilization rate must be calculated on the basis of the resin acid value and the actual epoxy equivalent of the TGIC.
When the appropriate polyester resin, correct stoichiometric ratio, extrusion conditions, and oven curing profile are selected, TGIC-based systems can provide high gloss, uniform film appearance, strong adhesion, and external durability. Performance depends not only on the amount of TGIC, but also on the resin structure, pigment and filler level, catalyst, flow additives, and curing conditions at actual metal temperature.
ISOCYANURATE, WHAT IS TRIGLYCIDYL?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, is a trifunctional heterocyclic epoxy compound with three glycidyl groups and is identified in epoxy chemistry by the acronym TGIC. Its chemical structure includes a stable isocyanurate ring based on chains of 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-trion and glycidyl attached to three nitrogen atoms within this ring. The commercial product is usually offered as a white crystal, granule, pellet, or powder.
Its main industrial function is to cross-link polyester resins with carboxyl function. During curing, the epoxy rings in the glycidyl groups react with the carboxyl groups of polyester to form a three-dimensional thermosetting polyester network. The presence of three reactive epoxy groups allows to achieve high cross-linking density with a relatively low amount of TGIC.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is especially associated with polyester powder coatings for outdoor use. Correctly formulated systems can provide good gloss retention, chemical resistance, mechanical integrity, and weather resistance. This performance results from the combination of stable isocyanurate ring and high epoxy functionality.
The theoretical molecular weight is approximately 297.26 g/mol, and the ideal molecule carries three epoxy functions. The theoretical epoxy equivalent weight is approximately 99.1 g/eq, while the measured value in commercial products is usually around 100–110 g/eq, depending on purity and quality characteristics.
In polyester/ ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL systems, the amount of curer should not be chosen as a fixed percentage. As the acid value of the resin increases, the amount of reactive carboxyl increases and the amount of TGIC required also changes. A polyester/TGIC ratio of about 93:7 is a common starting point, but it is not universal for every resin.
There are also hydroxyalkylamide-based systems on the market, and they are described as TGIC-free. Because these systems have a different reaction mechanism, they cannot be used as a direct replacement for TGIC with the same polyester resin and the same percentage of use.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate
TGIC
Triglycidyl Isocyanurate
1,3,5-Triglycidyl Isosinorate
Tris(2,3-epoxypropyl) Isocyanurate
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
CAS NO, EC/EINECS NO, AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
Product Name: ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
Common name: Triglycidyl Isocyanurate
Abbreviation: TGIC
Chemical Grade: Multi-Function Epoxy / Isocyanurate Epoxy
IUPAC name: 1,3,5-Tris(oxirane-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione
CAS No: 2451-62-9
EC/EINECS No: 219-514-3
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆
Molecular weight: About 297.26 g/mol
Nominal epoxy functionality: 3
Theoretical epoxy equivalent weight: Approx. 99.1 g/evalam
Commercial powder coating-grade epoxy equivalent: Usually around 100–110 g/eq
Representation melting range: Between approx. 88–98 °C or approx. 90–125 °C depending on the inclination
Physical form: White crystalline solid, pellet, granule or powder
Basic functions: Curing agent, cross-linking agent, multi-functional epoxy resin component
Main Application: Polyester powder coatings with carboxyl function
Because epoxy equivalent and melting range may vary in commercial TGIC grades, actual TDS and COA values should be used in formulation calculations.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL molecule has a stable isocyanurate ring at its center, containing three nitrogens and three carbonyls. A glycidyl group is attached to each of the three nitrogen atoms in the ring, and these glycidyl groups carry the terminal oxirane rings.
The presence of three reactive epoxy groups in an ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL molecule makes the product a three-function crosslinker. During curing with carboxyl-function polyester, each of these epoxy rings can be connected with different polyester chains, thus forming a three-dimensional thermoset network.
The presence of three epoxy groups at a molecular weight of about 297.26 g/mol ensures high epoxy functionality. The theoretical epoxy equivalent is about 99.1 g/eq, while commercial products often see values of around 100–110 g/eq. This value is more useful than molecular weight in stoichiometric formulation calculations because it indicates the actual reactive epoxy concentration.
The epoxy ring is a three-membered and tensile structure. Under favorable temperature and catalyst conditions, the carboxyl group on the polyester attacks the epoxy ring, the ring opens, and the new covalent bond is formed. The repetitive reactions of the three epoxy groups increase the cross-link density.
The rigid and stable structure of the isocyanurate ring can contribute to the thermal and external performance of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL. However, when the high cross-linking density is excessive, the film flexibility and impact strength may be adversely affected. Therefore, the polyester acid value and TGIC amount should be balanced together.
Commercial ISOCYANURATE, the melting range of TRIGLYCIDYL is also important. Accurate and consistent melting behavior promotes uniform dispersion during extrusion. Low-dust pellet or granular forms can help reduce fine dust reaching the air during weighing and transfer.
TGIC has low water solubility. In powder coating application, the product is homogeneously dispersed with a mixture of polyester resin and melt instead of dissolving in the aqueous phase.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ISOGGLYDYL, TRILICYL
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is usually offered in white crystalline solid, pellet, granule, or powder form. For powder coating applications, low-dust pellet or granular grades may also be preferred in terms of worker exposure and utilization.
General technical specifications:
Physical appearance: White crystalline solid solid, granule, pellet or powder
Odor: Usually no obvious odor or very low odor
Chemical character: Three-function heterocyclic epoxy compound
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆
Molecular weight: About 297.26 g/mol
CAS No: 2451-62-9
EC/EINECS No: 219-514-3
Nominal functionality: 3 epoxy groups per molecule
Theoretical epoxy counterpart: Approximately 99.1 g/equator
Representation commercial epoxy equivalent: Approximately 100–108 g/eq
Some commercial specifications: ≤110 g/eq
Epoxy index: Approximately 9.30–10.00 Eq/kg for representative high purity grade
Melting point/melting range: Approximately 88–98 °C for representative high purity grade
Some commercial quality melting range: About 90–125 °C
Density: Representation value approx. 1.46 g/cm³, 25 °C
Bulk density: About 0.80 g/mL for represented pellet quality
Melt viscosity: 100< mPa·s or cP at 120 °C in some commercial grades
Volatile matter: Generally 0.5–1.0% according to commercial specification≤
Total chlorine: Depends on quality
Epichlorohydrin residue: Grade dependent; low residue-ECH grades available
Fire point: The classic solvent flash point approach is not applied for solid quality; some historical technical data values 200 °C ≥
Water solubility: Low/limited
Main Use: Polyester powder coated curing agent
The commercial technical values of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL may vary depending on the manufacturer and grade. For example, the epoxy equivalent of Araldite PT 810 is 100–108 g/ekeq and the melting point is around 88–98 °C, while other commercial grades can be described by a melting range of 90–125 °C and an epoxy equivalent of ≤110 g/eq.
This difference does not mean that the products are wrong. The commercial manufacturing process, isomer distribution, purity, and crystallinity can affect the melting behavior.
Epoxy equivalent is one of the most critical values for formulation. Molecular weight only indicates the ideal chemical structure, while epoxy equivalent gives direct information about the actual reactive epoxy concentration.
Chlorine content and residual epichlorohydrin are also important for quality control. Especially in electronics or high-purity applications, these parameters can be controlled with tighter limits.
The particle form can affect the processing and feeding behavior. Fine powder can create more powder, while lower powder pellet quality can be advantageous during the pre-extrusion weighing and transfer stage.
These values are for general technical demonstration and should not be used as a binder specification for the product to be purchased. Actual epoxy equivalent, melting range, purity, chlorine, volatiles, and residual epichlorohydrin values should be verified on the current TDS and COA.
HOW DO ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, AND ISOCYANURATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
ISOCYANURATE, the basic mechanism of TRIGLYCIDYL, is based on the ring-opening cross-linking reaction that takes place between the three epoxide groups and the carboxyl groups on the polyester resin.
Powder coating behaves like thermoplastic powder in the first stage. Upon entering the furnace, the powder particles heat up, melt, coalesce, and begin to form a continuous molten film.
As the temperature increases, ISOCYANURATE melts TRIGLYCIDYL and becomes more mobile at the molecular level in the polyester resin. The reactive groups of carboxyl-functional polyester and TGIC begin to contact each other more effectively.
The carboxyl group epoxide ring performs nucleophile attack. The epoxide ring opens and covalent linkage is formed between the polyester chain and TGIC.
Because there are three reactive epoxy sites in the same TGIC molecule, multiple polyester chains can be linked together on a single molecule. As the reaction progresses, the molecular weight increases, branching rises, and eventually the insoluble three-dimensional thermoset network is formed.
As the crosslinking reaction progresses, the coating viscosity first decreases to the appropriate level for film flow, then rises rapidly due to molecular network development. The time balance between flattening and gelling is critical for the final surface appearance.
If curing occurs too early, the webs may lock up before the coating surface has flowed sufficiently, introducing defects such as orange peel or low gloss. If curing occurs too late or inadequately, the coating may remain insufficiently cured, and hardness, solvent resistance, or adhesion may not reach the targeted level.
One of the important features of ISOCYANURAT, TRIGLYCIDYL-based polyester powder coating systems is that they do not form many volatile condensate by-products during the curing reaction. This can be advantageous in terms of proper formulation and uniform film development under sphere conditions.
At the molecular level, the functions of TGIC can be summarized as follows:
Reaction with polyester carboxyl groups
Creating an epoxide ring opening reaction
Establishing covalent cross-linking between polyester chains
Increasing network density
Creating a thermosetting coating
Contributing to the development of stiffness
Chemical resistance development
Supportive adhesion and mechanical integrity
Develop heat resistance
Creating the mesh structure of the polyester coating system that provides outdoor durability
It helps to achieve a high glossy and smooth surface
The performance of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL depends on the curing agent concentration, polyester acid value, polyester molecular weight, catalyst package, extrusion dispersion, film thickness, and curing temperature/time profile. Therefore, ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL should not be evaluated alone, but in combination with the entire powder coating formulation.
The equivalent ratio between polyester resin and ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is particularly important. Too much TGIC can lead to residual epoxy or network instability, while too low TGIC can lead to insufficient crosslinking.
IN WHICH INDUSTRIES IS ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL USED?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is a highly functional curing agent used mainly in powder coating and specialty epoxy technologies. The strongest commercial use is carboxyl functional pure polyester powder coatings.
Main uses:
Outdoor polyester powder coatings
Architectural metal coatings
Aluminum profile powder coatings
Metal façade elements
Outdoor furniture coverings
Agricultural machinery coatings
Construction equipment coatings
Automotive metal components
Industrial machinery coatings
Electrical enclosure coatings
Lighting fixtures coatings
Fence and railing coverings
Garden equipment coatings
Metal doors and frames
Home appliance components that require durable coating
General industrial powder coatings
High glossy polyester powder coatings
Pigmented polyester powder coatings
Transparent polyester powder coatings
Heat-resistant coating systems
Weather-resistant metal coatings
Acrylic powder coatings with carboxyl function
Applications of custom epoxy crosslinking
Electrical Insulation Materials
Laminated cardboard materials
Resin systems related to printed circuits
Adhesive systems
Molding and special resin compositions
Reported plastic stabilization applications for selected TGIC technologies
ISOCYANURATE, the most common application of TRIGLYCIDYL is as an exterior-resistant polyester powder coating. In these systems, TGIC's stable isocyanurate ring and the airtight backbone of polyester resin can work together to form a strong mesh for outdoor coatings.
The performance that each industry expects from ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL may be different. While the architectural coating manufacturer focuses on weather resistance and color retention, the industrial coating manufacturer may pay more attention to properties such as hardness, impact resistance, chemical resistance, and process window.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL POWDER COATING, POLYESTER AND COATING APPLICATIONS
ISOCYANURATE, the main industrial application of TRIGLYCIDYL is as a curing agent in polyester powder coatings with carboxyl function. These systems are often described as polyester/TGIC powder coating.
The primary functions of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL in powder coating applications include:
Cross-linking of polyester with carboxyl function
Creating a three-dimensional thermoset network
Improve film stiffness and mechanical strength
Improving chemical and solvent resistance
External Resistance Support
Improving film integrity and adhesion
Supporting the formation of glossy and uniform film
The acid value of polyester resin directly affects the required ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL level. Since higher acidity means higher carboxyl functionality, stoichiometric crosslinking requires more epoxy equivalents. A polyester/TGIC binder ratio of approximately 93:7 is a common starting point, but the actual ratio must be calculated from the resin acid value and TGIC epoxy equivalent.
In powder coating production, polyester resin, ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, pigment, filler, flow agent, gasifying agent, and catalyst are dry mixed as required. The mixture is homogenized to a melting state in the extruder. The extrusion temperature should provide adequate mixing but should not lead to significant premature curing.
After the extruside cools, it is ground and brought to the target particle size. The powder is applied to the metal surface by electrostatic spraying. In the furnace, the particles melt, coalesce, and the polyester-TGIC crosslinking reaction takes place.
Commercial systems can see curing conditions in the metal temperature zone between about 180–200 °C; some low-temperature systems can cure longer at lower temperatures. Therefore, there is no single universal curing temperature. The actual metal temperature and residence time should be determined according to the manufacturer's recommendation.
TGIC systems are common in outdoor metal cladding, such as architectural aluminum profiles, outdoor furniture, railings, lighting fixtures, agricultural machinery, and construction equipment. The final gloss, surface smoothness, chemical resistance, and impact behavior depend not only on TGIC, but also on resin, pigment, filler, catalyst, and flow additives.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL ELECTRICAL, LAMINATING, BONDING AND SPECIAL RESIN APPLICATIONS
The main commercial use of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is powder coatings, but its multifunctional epoxy structure has also been evaluated for different thermoset applications.
Technical and historical sources mention applications such as electrical insulation materials, laminated coatings, printed circuits, adhesives, and specialty resin systems.
Electrical insulation applications may require high heat resistance and stable cross-linked mesh. ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL's rigid heterocyclic ring and tri-function epoxy chemistry are technically of interest for such systems.
Multifunctional epoxy can be used in laminated materials to provide high cross-linking density. The choice of reinforcement, curing agent and curing cycle is decisive in terms of final Tg, bending properties and dimensional stabilities.
In adhesive applications, ISOCYANURAT is not a standalone universal adhesive for TRIGLYCIDYL. It can be used to form cross-linked mesh as an epoxy formulation component in the correct curing chemistry.
Special resin systems ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL can use TRIGLYCIDYL to increase thermal resistance or increase cross-linking density. However, in modern use, alternative multifunctional epoxies or different hardener technologies may also be preferred due to the occupational and regulatory profile.
Low ion fouling and electrical properties may be important in historical applications related to printed circuits. For such an application, a specially controlled impurity profile grade may be required rather than the overall powder coating grade.
Plastic stabilization applications are included in some commercial TGIC descriptions. However, this use should not be considered an auto-reference claim for all TGIC grades and should be verified by full supplier advice.
IS ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL KIDA USED IN COSMETIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is a reactive epoxy curing agent mainly used in industrial coating and thermosetting resin chemistry.
It has no food taste or food additive or food ingredient function.
ISOCYANURATE does not have an E-number or FEMA/JECFA flavor identifier for TRIGLYCIDYL. Therefore, it is not suitable for consideration as a raw material in TGIC food formulation of powder coating quality.
In the field of cosmetics, ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is not considered a general cosmetic ingredient. ECHA regulatory information indicates that the product is associated with prohibited substance obligations under the EU Cosmetic Products Regulation.
In the pharmaceutical field, TGIC is not the standard pharmaceutical active or excipient. Although it is encountered as a chemical reagent in research laboratories, it does not imply the use of industrial TGIC-grade drugs.
In the case of food contact, coating or packaging application, the situation should be assessed individually. The migration and regulatory status of the finished cured coating should be checked through the exact formulation used, curing completeness and the legislation of the destination country.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is thanks to the TRIGLYCYL trifunctional epoxide chemistry as a high-performance crosslinker, especially for polyester powder coatings.
In industrial applications, the following functions may come to the fore:
Carboxyl polyester cross-linking
Thermoset network formation
Exterior powder coating curing
Weathering film development
High glossy coating production
Chemical resistant coating development
Mechanical property enhancement
Heat-resistant coating systems
Architectural metal cladding
Industrial metal protection
Electrically insulated resin systems
Special adhesive resin systems
Laminated thermosetting materials
Custom multifunctional epoxy formulation
In powder coating production, ISOCYANURATE is dry mixed with TRIGLYCIDYL polyester resin, homogeneously distributed during extrusion, and the final powder coating is cured in the oven. The curing agent level is determined together with the polyester acid value and the actual epoxy equivalent.
In the realm of architectural metal cladding, polyester/ ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL technology is known for its exterior durability. Aluminum extrusions, metal profiles, railings, and exterior fittings are among the typical applications.
In the realm of industrial coatings, chemical resistance and mechanical properties can be significant. As crosslinking density increases, solvent resistance and hardness may improve, but excessive mesh density may limit flexibility.
In electrical and specialty resin applications, purity parameters such as chlorine, epichlorohydrin residue, and ion contaminants can become important. Therefore, the overall coating quality and the high-purity special grade are not the same purchasing criteria.
The following issues should be evaluated in the use of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL in industrial systems:
Product purity
Epoxy equivalent weight
Epoxy index
Melting range
Particle shape
Bulk density
Volatile matter
Total chlorine
Hydrolyzable chlorine
Remaining epichlorohydrin
Polyester acid value
Polyester/TGIC stoichiometric ratio
Extrusion temperature
Residence time in the extruder
Catalyst level
Pigment and filler loading
Powder particle size distribution
Storage stability
Oven curing temperature
Actual metal temperature
Inquiry time
Ultimate film hardness
Impact Resistance
Flexibility
Brightness
Adhesion
Chemical Resistance
Weather resistance
TDS and SDS information
Batch COA values
WHAT PROBLEMS CAN ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL SOLVE?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL can contribute to the solution of inadequate cross-linking, low chemical resistance, low film stiffness and external durability requirements; especially in polyester powder coatings. The result should always be considered in conjunction with resin chemistry, TGIC dose and curing conditions.
Insufficient cross-linking in polyester powder coating
When the carboxyl-function polyester is not cured with sufficient reactive crosslinker, the film can exhibit low stiffness and low solvent resistance. TGIC promotes covalent network formation between polyester chains at the correct stoichiometric level.
Low chemical or solvent resistance
Inadequately cured coatings can be easily softened with solvents and cleaners. Cross-linking density can be increased by optimizing the amount of TGIC and curing profile.
Low film stiffness
Incomplete curing or low web density can limit stiffness. When polyester functionality and TGIC level are correctly balanced, tougher thermoset film can be achieved.
The need for resistance to external weather conditions
Outdoor grade polyester/ ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL systems are one of the established technologies used for weathering metal coatings in combination with suitable polyester resin.
Low gloss or poor surface smoothness
These problems are not always caused by ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL deficiency. If curing starts too quickly, the film may gel before it spreads sufficiently. TGIC level, catalyst, flow additive and oven profile should be evaluated together.
Poor impact resistance
Excessive cross-linking density can form brittle film. Polyester elasticity, acid value and ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL stoichiometry should be checked together.
Undercooking or overcooking problem
If the metal part does not reach sufficient temperature, the film may not cure completely; excessive temperature or time can lead to color and gloss change. The actual metal temperature and residence time should be followed, not the furnace air temperature.
It should not be assumed that every ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL grade will show the same reactivity. Epoxy equivalent, melt range, particle form, and purity profile should be verified by formulation trials.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
One of the most important technical errors in the use of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is that it determines the amount of curing agent only on constant pH. The correct dose must be calculated on the basis of the polyester acid value and the equivalent of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL epoxy.
The following issues should be taken into account during use:
The appropriate TGIC grade should be selected for the intended use.
Epoxy equivalent should be checked.
The polyester acid value should be verified.
The stoichiometric ratio must be calculated.
The melting range should be checked.
The chlorine content should be evaluated.
Residual epichlorohydrine should be checked.
Volatile matter should be checked.
Particle form and pollination behavior must be considered.
The dry mixture should be made homogeneous.
The extrusion temperature should be controlled.
Extruder Accommodation period should not be kept too long.
Premature curing should be avoided.
The catalyst level should be optimized when necessary.
Powder particle size distribution should be controlled.
Electrostatic spray behavior should be tested.
The film thickness should be kept constant.
The actual metal temperature should be measured.
Curing time and temperature should be evaluated together.
The final film MEK resistance can be controlled.
Gloss, adhesion, impact and flexibility tests should be performed.
Accelerated weather conditions should be considered for outdoor products.
TDS and SDS should be examined.
Critical parameters must be verified with batch COA.
Exposure to fine ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL powder is important for occupational safety. Powder production should be reduced as much as possible during powder handling and engineering controls should be used in accordance with existing SDS.
In formulation optimization, it should not be assumed that all coating defects can be eliminated by simply changing the curing agent. The resin design, flow agent, degassing agent, pigment, filler, extrusion, and curing profile are interdependent.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
The following examples are the first approaches prepared to illustrate how ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL can be evaluated during formulation and process development. These are not validated commercial recipes or final product specifications.
The actual ISOCYANURATE should be calculated on the basis of the TRIGLYCIDYL ratio, polyester acid value, TGIC epoxy equivalent, catalyst system, and target coating properties. The percentages below are the starting point for laboratory screening and each formulation is given as 100% in total.
EXAMPLE 1: POLYESTER/TGIC RATIO SCAN
Purpose: To compare the effect of isocyanurate, TRIGLYCIDYL level on film curing, hardness, impact resistance, flexibility, gloss and chemical resistance.
Starting approach:
EXAMPLE A
Polyester with carboxyl function: 58.0%
ISOCYANURATE, TRILYGLYCIDYL: 3.4%
Titanium dioxide: 30.0%
Barium sulfate: 7.0%
Flow agent: 1.0%
Benzoin/gasifying agent: 0.5%
Catalyst: 0.1%
Total: 100%
EXAMPLE B
Polyester with carboxyl function: 57.1%
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL: 4.3%
Titanium dioxide: 30.0%
Barium sulfate: 7.0%
Flow agent: 1.0%
Benzoin/gasifying agent: 0.5%
Catalyst: 0.1%
Total: 100%
EXAMPLE C
Polyester with carboxyl function: 56.2%
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL: 5.2%
Titanium dioxide: 30.0%
Barium sulfate: 7.0%
Flow agent: 1.0%
Benzoin/gasifying agent: 0.5%
Catalyst: 0.1%
Total: 100%
Application approach:
The acid value of polyester resin has been verified.
The epoxy equivalent of the TGIC rating is controlled by COA or TDS.
Sample B is considered a reference system close to a polyester/TGIC binder ratio of about 93:7; samples A and C are used to see the effect of low and high TGIC levels.
All formulations are prepared under the same extrusion conditions.
Powders are ground to the same target particle size.
It is applied to standard metal panels with the same film thickness.
The same metal temperature and curing cycle are used.
Gloss, impact, flexibility, adhesion, hardness, and solvent resistance are compared.
The ratio that provides the most balanced performance is tested for advanced weather conditions.
EXAMPLE 2: CURING TEMPERATURE / TIME WINDOW SCAN
Purpose: To determine the minimum adequate cure profile and overbaking tolerance for the same polyester/ ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL formulation.
Starting approach:
Polyester with carboxyl function: 57.1%
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL: 4.3%
Titanium dioxide: 30.0%
Barium sulfate: 7.0%
Flow agent: 1.0%
Benzoin/gasifying agent: 0.5%
Catalyst: 0.1%
Total: 100%
Film thickness: same thickness on all panels
Metal floor: the same thickness on all panels
Sample metal temperature/time screening:
160 °C / 20–30 minutes
180 °C / 10–20 minutes
200 °C / 8–15 minutes
The exact curing window should be determined based on the polyester resin used and the manufacturer's recommendation.
Application approach:
Each panel is prepared with the same coating thickness.
The metal temperature is verified by the thermocouple.
Specified curing cycles are applied.
Color change and brightness are measured.
MEK resistance or appropriate solvent cure test is applied.
Hardness, impact, bending, and adhesion are valued.
Inadequate curing and over-baking conditions are compared.
Sufficient process window is determined for production.
EXAMPLE 3: EXTERNAL POLYESTER/ ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL POWDER COATING PERFORMANCE SCAN
Purpose: To evaluate the mechanical, chemical and weather condition of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL-cured polyester powder coating in exterior strength.
Starting components:
Outer grade carboxyl polyester resin: 57.1%
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL: 4.3%
Titanium dioxide or target pigment package: 25.0%
Barium sulfate or suitable filler: 11.0%
Flow control agent: 1.2%
Benzoin or suitable non-carbonated additive: 0.5%
UV absorber / light stabilizer: 0.8%
Catalyst: 0.1%
Total: 100%
Application approach:
The polyester/TGIC ratio is verified on the basis of resin acid value and TGIC epoxy equivalent.
Dry premix is prepared.
Controlled melt extrusion is done.
The extrudation is cooled and ground.
The target particle distribution is obtained.
Electrostatic spraying is applied to the panels.
The curing program recommended by the supplier is applied.
Initial color and gloss values are measured.
Adhesion, hardness, impact and flexibility are tested.
Chemical resistance is evaluated.
Accelerated weather conditions or target exterior durability tests are applied.
Glossy protection, discoloration, and chalking are monitored.
ISOGLYCERATE, TRIGLYCIDYL ALTERNATIVES AND COMPARISONS
When determining an alternative to ISOCYANURATE TRIGLYCIDYL, one should not compare price or curing temperature alone. The alternative product's curing mechanism, required resin functionality, percentage of use, film appearance, outdoor resistance, mechanical properties, and occupational health profile should be considered together. The following products may be alternatives to TGIC, but none should be considered as a direct one-to-one alternative with the same percentage.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL AND β-HYDROXYALKYLAMIDE
β-Hydroxyalylamide curing agents are among the most common TGIC-free alternatives for polyester powder coatings. In the commercial powder coating industry, this chemistry is commonly known as HAA or hydroxyalylamide technology.
HAA gives an esterification-type curing reaction with carboxyl-functional polyester. In contrast to the epoxide chemistry of TGIC, small molecule by-product formation is conceivable during the reaction.
HAA systems have been TGIC fulfilled in many markets for occupational/regulatory reasons. However, one-to-one replacement systems are not made using the same polyester resins or the same mass ratio.
The TGIC system may differ from the HAA system in terms of appearance, film surface, and curing behavior. The resin acid value, hardener function, and extrusion/curing process must be reformulated.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, AND GLYCIDYL ESTER HARDENERS
Glycidyl ester hardeners can also be spherical with carboxy-functional polyester via epox-carboxyl reaction. However, the functionality, molecular structure, and equivalent weight differ from TGIC.
Therefore, coating flexibility, curing speed, and weathering behavior are not directly the same. Stoichiometric equivalent calculation is required when performing replacement.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL AND EPOXY/POLYESTER HYBRID SYSTEMS
Epoxy/polyester hybrid powder coating systems usually use a curing reaction between bisphenol-A-type epoxy resin and carboxyl polyester. These systems are not the same as TGIC-cured pure polyester powder.
Hybrid powders can provide strong mechanical and chemical performance in many indoor industrial applications. However, due to the aromatic epoxy structure, long-term outdoor weather conditions are often different from outdoor polyester/TGIC systems.
When selecting alternatives for external application, UV resistance and chalk behavior should be specifically evaluated.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, AND BLOCKADE POLYISOCYANATE SYSTEMS
Blocked polyisocyanates provide cross-linking with hydroxyl-functional polyester via polyurethane chemistry. Therefore, the resin functionality and curing mechanism of ISOSIDYLAT are completely different from the TRIGLYCIDYL system.
Polyurethane powder coatings can provide high-quality appearance and performance, but the formulation cost, blocking agent chemistry, and baking behavior are different.
When blocked polyisocyanate is used instead of ISOSIÑURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is not just a hardener substitute; it is the substitute of the resin platform.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL AND GLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE ACRYLIC SYSTEMS
Isocyanurate, TRIGLYCIDYL-functional acrylic resins or acrylic curing technologies can be used in special powder coatings. Acrylic can be selected for chemistry, smoothness, transparency or special weather conditions.
ISOCYANURATE does not use the same stoichiometry or process conditions as TRIGLYCIDYL. The resin Tg, function, and curing catalyst must be re-optimized.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
When purchasing ISOSYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDILYL, it is not enough to just decide on the CAS number and price. In terms of powder coating performance, epoxy equivalent, melting range and purity profile are particularly important.
Recommended information to review before purchasing:
Product Name
Chemical Identity
CAS No
EC/EINECS No.
Manufacturer
Degree
Purity
Epoxy equivalent weight
Epoxy index
Melting point / melting range
Physical form
Particle or pellet form
Bulk density
Volatile matter
Total chlorine
Hydrolyzable chlorine
Epichlorohydrin residue
Color/appearance
Humidity in the specified regions
When the melt viscosity is specified
Shelf life
Storage conditions
Packaging type
Net weight
Batch number
Country of Origin
TDS
SDS
COA
REACH information
SVHC information
Regulatory disclosures
COA indicates the actual test results values of a specific batch of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL. TDS gives the product's standard specification range, process information, and intended applications.
SDS are used for safe transportation, exposure control, first aid, storage, and regulatory hazard classification. These three documents are not interchangeable and must be considered together.
Epoxy equivalent is especially important for formulation calculation. If the EEW values of two products with the same nominal TGIC content are different, the resin/TGIC equivalent balance may also change.
The melting range is important for extrusion behavior. If the product melts too late, dispersion can become difficult, and extrusion stability can be affected if the reaction behavior shows too early.
Residual epichlorohydrin and chlorine can be critical for their specific applications. High-purity electronic or electrical grades may require stricter purity requirements.
Trial batch testing is beneficial for the powder coating manufacturer. When switching to new TGIC welding, extrusion torque, gel contamination, powder storage stability, curing response, gloss, and mechanical tests should be compared.
STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL should be kept in cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouses in the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, in its original and tightly closed packaging.
The historical technical documentation for Araldite PT 810 provides information on a shelf life of approximately 1.5 years in the storage temperature range of 2–40 °C in the original packaging. This value should not be generalized for all TGIC grades and the actual supplier documentation should be checked.
High temperature can increase the risk of product rolling, agglomeration, or quality degradation. It is quite convenient to protect from direct sunlight and excessive heat.
Moisture pollution should be reduced as much as possible. After opening the packaging, the product should be tightly closed again.
Dust generation should be kept to a minimum during fine powder processing. Low-dust pellets or granular grades can provide an advantage in terms of exposure control during transfer.
The transfer equipment used must be clean and dry. Contamination can be particularly problematic in terms of powder coating color, curing performance, or electrical applications.
Strong acids should not be stored improperly with strong bases, oxidizing agents, and incompatible substances specified in the SDS.
The transport classification must be checked in the full supplier SDS. The transport classification of commercial mixture or formulated hardener may differ from clean chemical.
IZOGGLYCIDYL SAFETY INFORMATION
ISOCYANURATE validates the current ECHA registry CAS 2451-62-9 and EC 219-514-3 identity for TRIGLYCIDYL and states that the substance is in the context of the REACH Candidate List/SVHC regulator due to mutagenic properties.
Available European and supplier hazard information is available for TGIC for Muta. H340 with classification 1B includes the hazard declaration "May cause genetic defects". Supplier SDSs may also have classifications such as acute oral/inhalation toxicity, severe eye damage, skin sensitization, and repeated exposure effects.
Dust exposure should be minimized when handling Fine Isocyanurate, TRIGLYCYL powder. Proper enclosed transfer, local exhaust ventilation, and personal protective equipment specified in the SDS should be used.
In the production of powder coatings containing TRIGLYCIDYL, worker exposure should not be assessed only on the final cured film. The weighing, pre-mixing, extrusion feeding, grinding, and powder recovery stages should be individually controlled for occupational exposure.
Safety practices should be based on the full product SDS. Hazard concentration and classification may not be the same for different TGIC grades or TGIC-containing formulations.
WHAT TO CONSIDER WHEN TAKING TRIGLYCIDYL, ISOCYANURATE?
ISOGLYCIDYL TRILYCIDIL The first step is to clarify in which coating or resin system the product will be used. Standard outdoor polyester powder coating may not have the same purity requirements for the specific application in electronic grade.
Instead of simply typing "TGIC" in the purchase request, specifying the full chemical name, required EEW, melting range, purity limits, and intended application allows for more accurate product evaluation.
The following information should be clarified before purchasing:
Use sector
End use
Type of polyester resin
Polyester acid value
Desired TGIC class
Epoxy equivalent requirement
Epoxy index requirement
Melting range requirement
Purity requirement
Total chlorine limit
Hydrolyzable chlorine limit
Epichlorohydrine limit
Volatile substance limit
Desired physical form
Choice of powder or pellet
Bulk density requirement
Storage requirement
Shelf life requirement
Manufacturer requirement
Origin requirement
Packing requirement
Order quantity
TDS requirement
SDS requirement
COA requirement
REACH/SVHC documentation requirement
If you are replacing it with an existing product, the current TDS and COA information
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL price may vary based on purity, epoxy equivalent, chlorine specification, residual epichlorohydrin level, grade, origin, order volume, packaging, and current raw material/logistical conditions.
Therefore, when comparing prices, one should not evaluate only on €/kg or $/kg. The actual formulation dose should be evaluated together in terms of total cost of use in terms of coating piles, curing consistency and quality characteristics.
SUPPLY FROM ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, ATAMAN KIMYA
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL; It is a three-function epoxy compound that is being evaluated for coating, electrical insulation, lamination, adhesive, and cross-linking and curing purposes, especially in polyester powder coatings.
It is important for companies planning to purchase the product to clarify the epoxy equivalent, melting range, purity, and purity specifications suitable for the use area before placing an order.
Companies wishing to obtain information from Ataman Kimya about the supply of ISOCYANURAT, TRIGLYCIDYL can share their usage areas and technical needs and request information about product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and price.
The current stock status, origin, manufacturer, grade, technical specifications, packaging and regulatory documentation information of the product should be confirmed from Ataman Kimya before placing an order.
Sharing the following information in the request for quotation is the correct ISOCYANURATE and facilitates the evaluation of the TRIGLYCIDYL product:
Use sector and end application
Polyester resin information
Polyester acid value
Desired epoxy equivalent
Desired melting range
Desired degree of purity
Chlorine limits
Remaining epichlorohydrin requirement
Physical form preference
Estimated order quantity
Type of packaging requested
Required technical documentation
TDS requirement
SDS requirement
COA requirement
TDS or COA information of the current TGIC product, if applicable
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL
ISOCYANURATE, What is TRIGLYCIDYL?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is a trifunctional isocyanurate-based epoxy compound containing three reactive epoxy groups. The most common use is to act as a curing agent in carboxyl-function polyester powder coatings.
What is the abbreviation for isocyanurate, TRIGLYCIDYL?
The most common abbreviation is TGIC.
What is the CAS number of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
CAS No. is 2451-62-9.
What is the EC number of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
EC/EINECS No 219-514-3.
What is the molecular formula of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₆.
What is the molecular weight of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
It has a value of approximately 297.26 g/mol.
How many epoxy groups does ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL contain?
It nominally contains three epoxy groups for each molecule and is considered a three-function epoxy.
ISOCYANURATE, what is the epoxy equivalent weight of TRIGLYCIDYL?
The theoretical value is approximately 99.1 g/eq. Commercial powder coating grades can be seen as approximately 100–110 g/eq.
What is the recommended usage rate of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
The polyester/TGIC binder ratio of approximately 93:7 is a common starting point in polyester/TGIC powder coating systems in external strength; this means approximately 7% TGIC at the binder stage. The actual ratio should be calculated on the basis of the polyester acid value and TGIC epoxy equivalent.
How does ISOCYANURATE work in TRIGLYCIDYL powder coating?
TGIC's epoxy rings undergo a ring-opening reaction with the carboxyl groups on the polyester, forming a three-dimensional thermoset network.
In which powder coatings is ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL used?
It is most commonly used in pure polyester powder coatings that require outdoor resistance.
Is the 93/7 polyester to TGIC ratio correct for each resin?
This ratio is a common starting point, but the actual stoichiometry depends on the acid value of the resin and the epoxy equivalent of ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL.
Are ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, and HAA the same product?
HAA is a TGIC-free alternative with a different curing mechanism and is not a direct replacement for the same polyester or the same usage rate.
What are the main alternatives to TGIC?
β-Hydroxyalkylamide systems, glycidyl ester hardeners, epoxy/polyester hybrid systems, and blocked polyisocyanate technologies are among the major alternatives.
Is ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL used in food or cosmetics?
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL is not a general food or cosmetic raw material. Its main use is in industrial coating and thermosetting resin systems.
ISOCYANURATE, Is TRIGLYCIDYL dangerous?
There are serious occupational health risks in the current European hazard assessments. Exposure to dust should be reduced and control measures in the existing SDS should be implemented.
What features are important when buying ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
Epoxy equivalent, melting range, purity, total and hydrolyzable chlorine, residual epichlorohydrine, volatiles, physical form, and storage stability are key parameters.
What documents are required for ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL?
TDS, SDS, and COA are essential documents. REACH/SVHC and application-specific regulatory documents should also be checked.
ISOCYANURATE, how should TRIGLYCIDYL be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area, in tightly sealed original packaging, and under manufacturer's recommended temperature conditions.
ISOGLYCIDYL, TRIGLYCIDYL – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL, commonly known as Triglycidyl Isocyanurate or TGIC, is a trifunctional heterocyclic epoxy compound with the formula C₁₂H₁₁₅N₃O₆. It is identified by CAS No 2451-62-9 and EC No 219-514-3, and has a molecular weight of approximately 297.26 g/mol.
The molecule has three glycidyl groups attached to the stable isocyanurate ring. These three epoxide functions, i.e., ISOSIÑURATE, enable TRIGLYCIDYL to work as an effective crosslinking agent for carboxyl-functional polyester resins.
Commercial powder coating grades are generally characterized by an epoxy equivalent of about 100–110 g/eq and a melting range of about 88–125 °C depending on the grade. The actual epoxy equivalent should be checked with the melting range, chlorine content, residual epichlorohydrin, and volatiles supplier TDS and COA.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL's main use is in exterior durable polyester powder coatings. Architectural aluminum, outdoor furniture, machinery, metal profiles, construction equipment, and outdoor metal components are among the common applications of this technology.
During curing, ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL epoxide groups, polyester carboxyl groups, give a ring-opening reaction and form a three-dimensional thermoset network. The final coating performance is determined in conjunction with the polyester acid value, curing agent stoicometry, extrusion conditions, pigment/filler package, catalyst, and oven curing profile.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL alternatives may include β-hydroxyalilamide curing agents, different glycidyl hardeners, epoxy/polyester hybrid systems, and blocked polyisocyanate technologies. None of these alternatives should be considered a direct weight-to-weight substitute for TGIC.
ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL has a significant occupational and regulatory risk profile. Safe use, exposure control, and current SDS review are essential parts of product use; because SVHC is included in the regulatory context due to its mutagenic properties in the current ECHA registries.
Companies planning to procure ISOCYANURATE, TRIGLYCIDYL from Ataman Kimya are advised to verify the current product, origin, packaging, and sales details; usage area, polyester resin and acid value information, target epoxy equivalent, melting range, chlorine and resin epichlorohydrin limits, physical form, quantity, and technical document requirements are shared.
