ISOPROPANOL

CAS No. : 67-63-0
EC No. : 200-661-7

Synonyms
Isopropanol, 2 propanol, iso propylene alcohol, ipa isopropyl alcohol, ipa isopropyl; Isopropanol, pure, 99.5+%; Isopropanol, residue free, for electronic use, 99.8%; Isopropanol, water <50 ppm, extra dry over mol. sieve, 99.5%; Isopropanol, water <50 ppm, extra dry, 99.8%;2-PROPANOL (IPA);Isopropanol, conform to ACS, for spectroscopy, 99.5%; Isopropanol, DNAse, RNAse and Protease free, for molecular biology, 99.5%; Isopropanol, for analysis ACS, 99.6%. Different Grade isopropyl alcohol: 99 percent isopropyl alcohol; 91 isopropyl alcohol; 99 percent alcohol; 99.9 isopropyl alcohol; 70 alcohol wipes; ipa solution; ipa 99; 99.9 isopropyl alcohol; isopropyl 99; 99 isopropyl alcohol; 70 alcohol; If you need following info, please Contact Us.; buy 99 isopropyl alcohol; isopropanol manufacturers; where to buy isopropyl alcohol; ipa chemical; ipa alcohol; purchase isopropyl alcohol; izopropil alkol; isopropyl alcohol suppliers; isopropanol price; izopropil alkol; ipa solution price; isopropyl alcohol manufacturers; no smell isopropyl alcohol; no odor isopropyl alcohol; Recycled isopropyl alcohol; 2-Propanol; Isopropanol[1]; Rubbing alcohol; sec-Propyl alcohol; 2-Hydroxypropane; i-PrOH; Dimethyl carbinol; IPA; 2-Propanol; isopropanol; Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; 67-63-0; 2-Hydroxypropane; Alkolave; Avantine; Hartosol; Dimethylcarbinol; sec-Propyl alcohol; i-Propanol; Petrohol; Takineocol; Alcojel; Avantin; 1-Methylethanol; 2-Propyl alcohol; Alcolo; Isohol; Lavacol; Lutosol; Propol; Alcosolve 2; 1-Methylethyl alcohol; Imsol A; Arquad DMCB; Alcosolve; Spectrar; i-Propylalkohol; n-Propan-2-ol; Combi-schutz; i-Propyl alcohol; ISO-PROPANOL; Isopropyl alcohol, rubbing; Iso-propylalkohol; Alcool isopropilico; Iso-propyl alcohol; Visco 1152; Alcool isopropylique; izopropil alkol; Sterisol hand disinfectant; i-Propanol [German]; sec-Propanol; iPrOH; i-Propylalkohol [German]; Iso-propylalkohol [German]; Alcool isopropilico [Italian]; Alcool isopropylique [French]; Caswell No. 507; FEMA No. 2929; isopropylalcohol; FEMA Number 2929; iso-propylalcohol; propanol-2; CCRIS 2308; HSDB 116; UNII-ND2M416302; Isopropyl alcohol [USP]; EINECS 200-661-7; MFCD00011674; UN1219; NSC 135801; BRN 0635639; AI3-01636; CHEBI:17824; ND2M416302; NSC-135801; NCGC00090917-01; Rubbing alcohol; DSSTox_CID_762; Isopropyl alcohol (USP); DSSTox_RID_75777; DSSTox_GSID_20762; Isopropyl alcohol (manufacture strong-acid process); Isopropanol, 99.5+%, pure; 2-Propanol, USP, 99.0%; Isopropyl alcohol (manufacturing-strong acid process only); Isopropanol, 99.5%, for HPLC; izopropil alkol; Isopropanol, 99.5+%, extra pure; Isopropanol, 99.5%, for analysis; 2-Propanol, ACS reagent, >=99.5%; CAS-67-63-0; Isopropyl alcohol (only persons who manufacture by the strong acid process are subject, supplier notification not required); Isopropanol, 99.5%, for spectroscopy ACS; Isopropanol, 99.5%, for HPLC gradient grade; Isopropanol, 99.8%, Extra Dry, AcroSeal(R); Isopropyl alcohol [USAN]; isoproylalcohol; Virahol; i-propylalcohol; Isopropanol, 99%, for biochemistry and histology, AcroSeal(R); Isopropanol, 99.8%, for electronic use (MOS), residue free; Lavaco; Isopropylalkohol; 2propanol; 2-propylalcohol; isopropy alcohol; isoproyl alcohol; Isopropanol, 99.5%, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve, AcroSeal(R); Isopropyl-alcohol; propane-2ol; Isopropanol, 99+%, specified according to the requirements of Ph.Eur.; propan-2ol; 2-propano; Isopropryl alcohol; propane-2-ol; 2 -propanol; 2- propanol; propan 2-ol; iso-PrOH; Isopropyl Alcohol; i-PrOH; (propan-2-ol); Isopro (TN); Recovered Isopropanol; Tissue Dry Dehydrant; Isopropyl Alcohol C+; Hibistat (Salt/Mix); Isopropanol, technical; i-Pr-OH; Propane, 2-hydroxy-; 2-Propanol, Ph Eur; iso-C3H7OH; Isopropanol (JP17); (2R)-propan-2-ol; Isopropanol (Recovered); Isopropanol ACS reagent; 2-Propanol, for HPLC; Isopropyl Alcohol - GMP; 2-Propanol, ACS reagent; ACMC-1BI1R; CHEMBL582; Isopropyl alcohol HPLC/UV; 2-Propanol, 99.5%; EC 200-661-7; 2-$l^{1}-oxidanylpropane; IPS 1; Isopropanol, 70% in water; izopropil alkol; Isopropanol, 70% in H2O; 4-01-00-01461 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); KSC353M9P; Ethyl, 1-hydroxy-1-methyl-; Isopropanol, Isopropyl Alcohol; Isopropanol, 99.5% anhydrous; WLN: QY1&1; 2-Propanol, analytical standard; Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol; 2-Propanol, LR, >=99%; DTXSID7020762; izopropil alkol; BDBM36154; CTK2F3697; 2-Propanol, anhydrous, 99.5%; ZINC901159; 2-Propanol, AR, >=99.5%; KS-00000VM0; 2-Propanol, 99.9%, PRA grade; 2-Propanol, for HPLC, 99.5%; 2-Propanol, for HPLC, 99.9%; 2-Propanol, technical grade, 95%; Isopropanol, 99.6%, ACS reagent; Isopropyl Alcohol Reagent Grade ACS; Tox21_111039; Tox21_202475; 2-Propanol, 99.5%, HPLC grade; ANW-35384; NSC135801; Isopropanol, 99+%, for spectroscopy; 2-Propanol, histological grade, 99%; AKOS000121012; 2-Propanol, for HPLC, >=99.8%; DB02325; LS-1565; MCULE-6646752234; UN 1219; NCGC00260024-01; 2-Propanol, UV HPLC gradient, 99.8%; Isopropyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FG; Phenolphthalein Solution, Alcoholic 0.5%; Isopropyl alcohol, >=99.7%, FCC, FG; 2-Propanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%; izopropil alkol; 140-EP2269975A2; 2-Propanol, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99.5%; 2-Propanol, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99.8%; 2-Propanol, reag. ISO, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.7%; 2-Propanol, BioReagent, for molecular biology, >=99.5%; 2-Propanol, electronic grade, 99.999% trace metals basis; 2-Propanol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.8% (GC); 2-Propanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, anhydrous, >=99.5%; 2-Propanol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (GC); Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol [UN1219] [Flammable liquid]; Isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol [UN1219] [Flammable liquid]; Isopropyl alcohol, EuropePharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; izopropil alkol; Isopropyl alcohol, meets EP, BP, USP testing specifications; 2-Propanol, >=99.7%, suitable for absorption spectrum analysis; 2-Propanol, semiconductor grade PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17829); 2-Propanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; 2-Propanol, >=99.7%, for residue analysis, suitable for 1000 per JIS; 2-Propanol, HPLC Plus, for HPLC, GC, and residue analysis, 99.9%

ISOPROPANOL

Isopropyl Alcohol
 
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is an organic compound, an isomer of n-propanol, aliased dimethylmethanol, 2-propanol. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is a colorless, transparent liquid with a scent like a mixture of ethanol and acetone. Soluble in water, also soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) has a wide range of uses as an organic raw material and solvent.
1）As a chemical raw material, it can produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropylamine, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl chloride, and fatty acid isopropyl ester and chloro fatty acid isopropyl ester.
2）In the fine chemical industry, it can be used to produce isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, aluminum isopropoxide, pharmaceuticals and pesticides, etc. It can also be used to produce diisopropanone, isopropyl acetate and Thymol and gasoline additives.
3）Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) Can be used to produce coatings, inks, extractants, aerosols, etc.
4) In the electronics industry, Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) can be used as a cleaning and degreasing agent.
5) In the oil and fat industry, the extractant of cottonseed oil can also be used for degreasing of animal-derived tissue membranes.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) (IUPAC name propan-2-ol; commonly called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a colorless, flammable chemical compound (chemical formula CH3CHOHCH3) with a strong odor.[8] As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial and household chemicals and is a common ingredient in chemicals such as antiseptics, disinfectants, and detergents.
Names of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is also known as 2-propanol, sec-propyl alcohol, IPA, or isopropanol. IUPAC considers isopropanol an incorrect name as the hydrocarbon isopropane does not exist.
Properties of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It dissolves ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins.[9] Unlike ethanol or methanol, Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) to separate into a distinct layer.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA). Water-Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) mixtures have depressed melting points.[10] It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) becomes increasingly viscous with decreasing temperature and freezes at -89 °C (-128 °F).
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) has a maximal absorbance at 205 nm in an ultraviolet-visible spectrum.
Reactions of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) can be oxidized to acetone, which is the corresponding ketone. This can be achieved using oxidizing agents such as chromic acid, or by dehydrogenation of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) over a heated copper catalyst:
(CH3)2CHOH → (CH3)2CO + H2
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is often used as both solvent and hydride source in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction and other transfer hydrogenation reactions. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) may be converted to 2-bromopropane using phosphorus tribromide, or dehydrated to propene by heating with sulfuric acid.
Like most alcohols, Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) reacts with active metals such as potassium to form alkoxides that can be called isopropoxides. The reaction with aluminium (initiated by a trace of mercury) is used to prepare the catalyst aluminium isopropoxide.[14]
History of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
In 1920, Standard Oil first produced Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) by hydrating propene. Its major use at the time was not rubbing alcohol but for oxidation to acetone, whose first major use was in World War I for the preparation of cordite, a smokeless, low explosive propellant.
Production of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
In 1994, 1.5 million tonnes of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) were produced in the United States, Europe, and Japan.[16] It is primarily produced by combining water and propene in a hydration reaction or by hydrogenating acetone. There are two routes for the hydration process and both processes require that the Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) be separated from water and other by-products by distillation. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and water form an azeotrope, and simple distillation gives a material that is 87.9% by weight Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and 12.1% by weight water.[18] Pure (anhydrous) Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is made by azeotropic distillation of the wet Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) using either diisopropyl ether or cyclohexane as azeotroping agents.[16]
Biological of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Small amounts of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) are produced in the body in diabetic ketoacidosis.[19]
Indirect hydration of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Indirect hydration reacts propene with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of sulfate esters. This process can use low-quality propene, and is predominant in the USA. These processes give primarily Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) rather than 1-propanol, because adding water or sulfuric acid to propene follows Markovnikov's rule. Subsequent hydrolysis of these esters by steam produces Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA), by distillation. Diisopropyl ether is a significant by-product of this process; it is recycled back to the process and hydrolyzed to give the desired product.
CH3CH=CH2 + H2O H2SO4⟶ (CH3)2CHOH
Direct hydration of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
See also: Heteropoly acid
Direct hydration reacts propene and water, either in gas or liquid phase, at high pressures in the presence of solid or supported acidic catalysts. This type of process usually requires higher-purity propylene (> 90%).[16] Direct hydration is more commonly used in Europe.
Hydrogenation of acetone
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) may be prepared via the hydrogenation of acetone, however this approach involves an extra step compared to the above methods, as acetone is itself normally prepared from propene via the cumene process.[16] It may remain economical depending on the value of the products. A known issue is the formation of MIBK and other self-condensation products. Raney nickel was one of the original industrial catalysts, modern catalysts are often supported bimetallic materials. This is an efficient process and easy
Uses of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
One of the small scale uses of isopropanol is in cloud chambers. Isopropanol has ideal physical and chemical properties to form a supersaturated layer of vapor which can be condensed by particles of radiation.
In 1990, 45,000 metric tonnes of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) were used in the United States, mostly as a solvent for coatings or for industrial processes. In that year, 5400 metric tonnes were used for household purposes and in personal care products. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is popular in particular for pharmaceutical applications,[16] due to its low toxicity. Some Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is used as a chemical intermediate. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) may be converted to acetone, but the cumene process is more significant. [16]
Solvent of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds. It also evaporates quickly, leaves nearly zero oil traces, compared to ethanol, and is relatively non-toxic, compared to alternative solvents. Thus, it is used widely as a solvent and as a cleaning fluid, especially for dissolving oils. Together with ethanol, n-butanol, and methanol, it belongs to the group of alcohol solvents, about 6.4 million tonnes of which were used worldwide in 2011.[20]
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is commonly used for cleaning eyeglasses, electrical contacts, audio or video tape heads, DVD and other optical disc lenses, removing thermal paste from heatsinks on CPUs and other IC packages, etc.
Intermediate
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is esterified to give isopropyl acetate, another solvent. It reacts with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to give sodium isopropylxanthate, a herbicide and an ore flotation reagent.[21] Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) reacts with titanium tetrachloride and aluminium metal to give titanium and aluminium isopropoxides, respectively, the former a catalyst, and the latter a chemical reagent.[16] This compound may serve as a chemical reagent in itself, by acting as a dihydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation.
Medical of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, and disinfecting pads typically contain a 60-70% solution of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) or ethanol in water. Water is required to open up membrane pores of bacteria, which acts as a gateway for Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA). A 75% v/v solution in water may be used as a hand sanitizer.[22] Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is used as a water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa, better known as swimmer's ear.[23]
Early uses as an anesthetic
Although Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) can be used for anesthesia, its many negative attributes or drawbacks prohibit this use. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) can also be used similarly to ether as a solvent[24] or as an anesthetic by inhaling the fumes or orally. Early uses included using the solvent as general anesthetic for small mammals[25] and rodents by scientists and some veterinarians. However, it was soon discontinued, as many complications arose, including respiratory irritation, internal bleeding, and visual and hearing problems. In rare cases, respiratory failure leading to death in animals was observed.
Automotive
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is a major ingredient in "gas dryer" fuel additives. In significant quantities, water is a problem in fuel tanks, as it separates from gasoline and can freeze in the supply lines at low temperatures. Alcohol does not remove water from gasoline, but the alcohol solubilizes water in gasoline. Once soluble, water does not pose the same risk as insoluble water, as it no longer accumulates in the supply lines and freezes but is consumed with the fuel itself. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is often sold in aerosol cans as a windshield or door lock deicer. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is also used to remove brake fluid traces from hydraulic braking systems, so that the brake fluid (usually DOT 3, DOT 4, or mineral oil) does not contaminate the brake pads and cause poor braking. Mixtures of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and water are also commonly used in homemade windshield washer fluid.
Laboratory
As a biological specimen preservative, Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) provides a comparatively non-toxic alternative to formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) solutions of 70-99% are used to preserve specimens.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is often used in DNA extraction. A lab worker adds it to a DNA solution to precipitate the DNA, which then forms a pellet after centrifugation. This is possible because DNA is insoluble in Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA).
Safety of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) vapor is denser than air and is flammable, with a flammability range of between 2 and 12.7% in air. It should be kept away from heat and open flame.[26] Distillation of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) over magnesium has been reported to form peroxides, which may explode upon concentration. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is a skin irritant. Wearing protective gloves is recommended.
Toxicology of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and its metabolite, acetone, act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants.[31] Poisoning can occur from ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Symptoms of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) poisoning include flushing, headache, dizziness, CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, hypothermia, low blood pressure, shock, respiratory depression, and coma.[31] Overdoses may cause a fruity odor on the breath as a result of its metabolism to acetone.[32] Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) does not cause an anion gap acidosis but it produces an osmolal gap between the calculated and measured osmolalities of serum, as do the other alcohols.[31]
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is oxidized to form acetone by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver,[31] and has a biological half-life in humans between 2.5 and 8.0 hours.[31] Unlike methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, the metabolites of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) are considerably less toxic, and treatment is largely supportive. Furthermore, there is no indication for the use of fomepizole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, unless co-ingestion with methanol or ethylene glycol is suspected.
In forensic pathology, people who have died as a result of diabetic ketoacidosis usually have blood concentrations of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) of tens of mg/dL, while those by fatal Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) ingestion usually have blood concentrations of hundreds of mg/dL.
 

Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) will attack some forms of plastics, rubber, and coatings.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is an isomer of propyl alcohol with antibacterial properties. Although the exact mechanism of isopropanol's disinfecting action is not known, it might kill cells by denaturing cell proteins and DNA, interfering with cellular metabolism, and dissolving cell lipo-protein membranes. Isopropanol is used in soaps and lotions as an antiseptic.
Any clothing which becomes wet with liquid Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) should be removed immediately and not reworn until the Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is removed from the clothing. Clothing should then be placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until provision can be made for the removal of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA), the person performing the operation should be informed of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA)'s hazardous properties.
When a stream of hydrogen entrained Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) vapors and palladium particles, the mixture caught fire on exposure to air.
Solutions of 90% nitroform in 10% Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) in polyethylene bottles exploded.
The reaction between Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and phosgene forms isopropyl chloroformate and hydrogen chloride. In the presence of iron salts thermal decomposition can occur, which in some cases can become explosive.
Mixing oleum and Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) (without residue) may be used in inks for marking food supplements in tablet form, gum, and confectionery.
Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) may be present in the following foods under the conditions specified: (a) In spice oleoresins as a residue from the extraction of spice, at a level not to exceed 50 parts per million. (b) In lemon oil as a residue in production of the oil, at a level not to exceed 6 parts per million. (c) In hops extract as a residue from the extraction of hops at a level not to exceed 2.0 percent by weight: Provided, that, (1) The hops extract is added to the wort before or during cooking in the manufacture of beer. (2) The label of the hops extract specifies the presence of the Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) and provides for the use of the hops extract only as prescribed by paragraph (c)(1) of this section.
WORKERS IN AN Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) PACKAGING PLANT BECAME ILL AFTER ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) POTENTIATION OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TOXICITY HAS BEEN SHOWN PREVIOUSLY ONLY IN RATS. ACETONE, A PRODUCT OF Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) METABOLISM, IS A MAJOR POTENTIATOR OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TOXICITY.
 

IDENTIFICATION: Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is an aliphatic alcohol hydrocarbon. It is prepared from propylene, which is obtained in the cracking of petroleum or by the reduction of acetone. It is a colorless liquid which is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene and chloroform. It is insoluble in salt solutions. It has a slight odor resembling a mixture of ethanol and acetone and has a slight bitter taste. It is used in antifreeze, industrial solvent, solvent for gums, shellac, essential oils, in quick drying oils, creosote and resins; extraction of alkaloids; in quick drying inks; in denaturing ethyl alcohol; in body rubs, hand lotions, after shave lotions, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; in manufacture of acetone, glycerol, isopropyl acetate; antiseptic; rubefacient ; and pharmaceutical aid. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Toxic effects include central nervous depression, liver, kidney, cardiovascular depression and brain damage. It can cause drowsiness, ataxia, stupor, coma and respiratory depression, irritation of mucous membranes and eyes, gastritis, gastric hemorrhage, vomiting, pancreatitis, cold clammy skin, hypothermia, miosis, tachycardia, slow and noisy respiration. High risk of circumstances of poisoning: Accidental ingestion of rubbing alcohols/toiletries by children. There is a potential exposure from dermal and inhalation exposure in children during Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) sponging for control of fever. Intentional ingestion for alcoholic effect or in suicide attempts. Occupational or accidental exposure to liquid or its vapor in industrial applications. Individuals exposed to Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) include the following: workers in the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry, chemical industry, petroleum workers, laboratory workers, printers, painters and carpenters and cabinet makers. There is little absorption through intact skin. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is a potent eye and skin irritant. 80% of an oral dose is absorbed within 30 minutes. Absorption is complete within 2 hours although this may be delayed in a large overdose. Alveolar concentration is correlated to the environmental concentration at any given time. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is absorbed through intact skin on prolonged exposure. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) distributes in body water with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.6-0.7 L/kg. 20-50% of an absorbed dose is excreted unchanged. Most Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is oxidized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone, formate and finally carbon dioxide. Acetone is slowly eliminated by the lung (40%) or kidney. Clinically insignificant excretion occurs into the stomach and saliva. Related keto acids are not produced in sufficient quantities to cause a severe metabolic acidosis. Inebriation, peripheral vasodilation has occurred. In children, hypoglycemia is particularly severe when poisoning following fasting, exercise or chronic malnutrition Lactic acidosis may occur in patients with severe liver disease, pancreatitis or receiving biguanide therapy or as a result of the hypovolemia which frequently accompanies severe intoxication. ANIMAL STUDIES: Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) most closely follows first order kinetics, with a half life of 2.5 to 3.2 hours. The elimination half life of the active metabolite acetone is significantly prolonged to about 5 hours in rats. In rat hepatocytes the following has been observed: marked depletion of glutathione, increased malondialdehyde production, decreased protein sulfhydryls content and leakage of lactic dehydrogenase with loss of membrane activity.

A complete history and physical examination should be performed to detect pre existing conditions that might place the employee at increased risk, and to establish a baseline for future health monitoring. Examination of the skin, liver, kidneys, and respiratory system should be stressed. Skin disease: Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is a defatting agent and can cause dermatitis on prolonged exposure. Persons with pre existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. Liver disease: Although Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is not known as a liver toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the biotransformation and detoxification of foreign substances should be considered before exposing persons with impaired liver function. Kidney disease: Although Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) is not known as a kidney toxin in humans, the importance of this organ in the elimination of toxic substances justifies special consideration in those with impaired renal function. Chronic respiratory disease: In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties. Periodic Medical Examination: The aforementioned medical examinations should be repeated on an annual basis.
The assessment of Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) exposure can be accomplished through measurement of either Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) or acetone. Isopropanol (izopropil alkol, Isopropanol, IPA) measurement has not been found to be a good assessment of low level exposure, due to its low sensitivity. However, measurement of acetone has been found to be a good indicator of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) exposure for exposures as low as 70 ppm, and has been found to correlate well with air concentrations. Whole Blood Reference Ranges: Normal - none detected (Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)); Exposed - BAT (sampling time is end of exposure or end of shift, measured as the metabolite, acetone), 50 mg/l; Toxic - Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) level associated with serious toxic symptoms is 150 mg/l. Serum or Plasma Reference Ranges: Normal - none detected (Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)); Exposed - not established; and Toxic - not established. Urine Reference Ranges: The assessment of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) exposure can be accomplished through measurement of either Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) or acetone. However only acetone was found to be a useful test, due to its greater sensitivity and good correlation with air exposure levels. Normal - none detected (Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)); Exposed - BAT (sampling time is end of exposure or end of shift, measured as the metabolite, acetone), 50 mg/l; Toxic - Not established.
Persons with pre existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects of this agent. ... In persons with impaired pulmonary function, especially those with obstructive airway diseases, the breathing of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) might cause exacerbation of symptoms due to its irritant properties.
Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)'s production and use in the manufacture of acetone, glycerol, and isopropyl acetate and as a solvent for a variety of applications may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)'s use in hydraulic fracturing fluids results in its direct release to the environment. Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) has been identified as a metabolic product of aerobic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, fungi, and yeast. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 45.4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3.2 days. If released to soil, Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.5. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. If released into water, Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 86 hours and 29 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 3 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Biodegradation is expected to be an important fate process based on the results of microbial screening tests. Occupational exposure to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with this compound directly and from consumer products containing Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA).
 

ANAEROBIC: Typical Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) removal efficiencies for an anaerobic lagoon treatment facility, with a retention time of 15 days, were 50% after loading with dilute waste, and 69 and 74% after loading with concentrated wastes(1). In closed bottle studies, Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) was completely degraded anaerobically by an acetate-enriched culture, derived from a seed of domestic sludge(1). The culture started to use cross-fed Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA), after 4 days, at a rate of 200 mg/L/day(1). In a mixed reactor with a 20-day retention time, seeded by the same culture, 56% removal was achieved in the 20 days following 70 days of acclimation to a final concentration of 10,000 mg/L(1). The avg percent removal of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) in semi-pilot scale anaerobic lagoons was 50% in 7.5-10 days for dilute wastes with 60 ppm Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) and 69-74% in 20-40 days for concentrated wastes with 175 ppm Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)(2). Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) was readily mineralized to methane and carbon dioxide under methanogenic conditions(3). The degradation rate of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) under these conditions in fuel impacted river sediments and industrial/sewage impacted creek sediments was 2.4 ppm C/day (82% of expected methane recovery) and 3.0 ppm C/day (91% of expected methane recovery), respectively(3). The degradation rate of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) in a sediment slurry from a shallow anoxic aquifer under methanogenic conditions was 7.6 ppm C/day (112% of theoretical methane recovery)(4). In anaerobic bioreactor studies using a granular sludge inocula, Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) (at 125 ppm initial concentration) degraded with 115.5% of theoretical methane production over a 21-day incubation period(5); acetone was identified as a metabolite(5). In laboratory anaerobic sludge reactor tests using liquid hen manure as inoculum, Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) was degraded 100% in a 13-day incubation period with lag period(6).
The Henry's Law constant for Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is 8.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 86 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 29 days(SRC). Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)'s Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 45.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). The volatilization of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) from a runoff tank of an industrial wastewater treatment facility was measured; the volatilization rate of Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) ranged between 0.64-0.69 mg/sq m-min(4). The evaporation rate of a 1:1 Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA):water mixture from a shallow pool was 1.5 kg/sq-m per hour at a wind speed of 4.5 m/s and pool temperature of 20 °C and an ambient air temperature of 22 °C(5). Laboratory studies demonstrated that Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) will volatilize from water to air in the absence of wind(6).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,665,524 workers (2,058,264 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) is produced or used(SRC). Occupational exposure to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) may occur during the mfg of chemicals using Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA), its use as a solvent in various industrial applications, and its use in medicinal applications(SRC). For example, inhalation exposure of workers to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA)(sampling location, concentration mg/cu m) in various industries are as follows: car painting(personal, avg 7.1); ink production (area, 6.3-32.8); paint manufacture (personal, time-weighted avg range 6-258); hospital operating theater (area, avg 8.8); tractor painting (area, range 33-332); higher aromatic boot spray painting (personal, time-weighted avg-avg 4.7); lower aromatic booth spray painting (personal, time-weighted-avg-avg 10.6); solvent wiping (personal, time-weighted-avg-avg 2.5); paint mixing (time-weighted-avg-avg, 4.2); spraying paint lacquer (personal, time-weighted-avg-avg <2.5); printing (personal, time-weighted-avg-avg 396); printed circuit boards mfg (personal, range 5.8-23); furniture stripping (personal, range 42-160); degreasing metal (personal, range 2.2-10.6); mfg of rubber weather strips (area, range 6.5-140); chemicals packaging (area, range 150-1350); Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) production (area, avg 165)(2). The inhalation exposure to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) varied from 0.4 to 14.8 mg/cu m, with a mean of 5.6 mg/cu m, for hairdressers in Norway(3). Airborne Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) concentrations of 0.12-5.90 ppm (mean 1.05 ppm) were detected in the air of 22 nail sculpturing salons(4). Monitoring of air at seven off-set printing sites in Norway detected Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) concentrations of 0.8 to 100.6 ppm(5). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA) via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food, and dermal contact with this compound directly and from consumer products containing Isopropyl alcohol (izopropil alkol, isopropyl alcohol, IPA).