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L-Carnitine Base is a type of vitamin B, and its structure is similar to that of amino acids.
L-Carnitine Base is mainly used to help transport long-chain fatty acids to provide energy and to prevent fat from collecting in the heart, liver, and skeletal muscles.
L-Carnitine Base can prevent disordered fat metabolism due to diabetes, fatty liver disease and heart disease, and it can reduce heart damage, lower blood triglyceride, aid in weight loss, and increase the antioxidant effects of vitamin E and C. Meats and giblets are high in carnitine.
CAS Number: 541-15-1
Molecular Formula: C7H15NO3
Molecular Weight: 161.2
EINECS Number: 208-768-0
Synonyms: L-carnitine, Levocarnitine, 541-15-1, (R)-Carnitine, Carnitor, vitamin BT, (-)-Carnitine, Karnitin, (-)-L-Carnitine, L-(-)-Carnitine, Levocarnitina, Carnitene, Metina, Carnitine, (-)-, bicarnesine, Levocarnitinum, Carnitolo, Carnovis, L-Carnitine inner salt, Lefcar, Carniking, Carnilean, Carnitor SF, Levocarnitinum [Latin], Levocarnitina [Spanish], gamma-Trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine, (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate, vitamin B T, Carniking 50, Carnitine, L-, gamma-Trimethyl-ammonium-beta-hydroxybutirate, (3R)-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylazaniumyl)butanoate, 1-CARNITINE, 3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium hydroxide, inner salt, L-gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine, R-(-)-3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate, DRG-0211, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium.
L-Carnitine Base is a white crystalline or transparent powder, and its melting point is 200℃ (decompose).
L-Carnitine Base is easily soluble in water, lye, methanol and ethanol, barely soluble in acetone and acetate, and insoluble in chloroform.
L-Carnitine Base is hygroscopic.
Artificially synthesized carnitine includes L-Carnitine Base, D-carnitine, and DL-carnitine, and only L-carnitine has physiological activities.
On the other hand, D-carnitine and DL-carnitine competitively inhibit the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (PTC) to prevent cells’ fat metabolism, thus harming human nutrition.
L-Carnitine Base was first discovered in 1905 by Russian chemists Gulewitsch and Krimberg in infusion broth, and its chemical structure was determined in 1927 by Tomita and Senju.
L-Carnitine Base can be used as an animal nutrition enhancer, and it is mainly used to enhance protein-based food additives to promote fat absorption and utilization.
L-Carnitine Base also is a nutrition enhancer that is mainly used in soy-based infant foods, sports nutritional foods and weight loss foods to promote fat absorption and utilization.
According to China’s regulations, the permitted amount in biscuits, drinks, and dairy beverages is 600-3000mg/kg; in solid beverages, liquids, and gel capsules, 250-600mg/kg; in formula, 300-400mg/kg; in infant foods, 70-90mg/kg (1g tartrate is equivalent to 0.68g l-carnitine).
L-Carnitine Base can also be used as an appetite booster. L-carnitine affects the elimination and utilization of ketone bodies, so it can be used as a biological antioxidant to eliminate free radicals, maintain membrane stability, increase animal immunity and resistance to disease and stress.
Oral L-carnitine can increase the speed of sperm maturation and sperm vitality, it can increase the number of forward-moving sperm and motile sperm in oligospermia and asthenospermia patients, thus increasing the women’s clinical pregnancy rate, and it does so safely and effectively.
L-Carnitine Base can bind with organic acids and the large amounts of acyl coenzyme derivatives produced in children with fatty acid metabolism disorder and turn them into water soluble acylcarnitine to be excreted through urine.
This not only aids in controlling acute acidosis occurrences, but also effectively improves long-term prognosis.
L-Carnitine Base is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a vital role in the body’s energy metabolism by facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized or “burned” to produce energy.
Unlike some other forms of L-Carnitine, such as L-Carnitine Tartrate or Acetyl-L-Carnitine, the "base" form refers to the pure, free form of L-Carnitine Base without any salt or acid component, meaning it contains only the active molecule itself in its most fundamental structure.
This pure form of the compound is typically found as a white crystalline powder and is commonly used in dietary supplements designed to support energy production, athletic performance, and fat metabolism.
In the context of nutritional and performance supplements, L-Carnitine Base is often included in formulations intended for athletes or individuals seeking to enhance endurance, reduce fatigue, or support weight loss by promoting the more efficient use of stored fat as an energy source during exercise.
Because L-Carnitine is concentrated in tissues that use fatty acids as their main fuel, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, its availability is especially important for the optimal functioning of these energy-demanding tissues.
Supplementation with L-Carnitine Base is thought to support mitochondrial function and help reduce muscle damage or soreness following intense physical exertion.
L-Carnitine Base cannot participate in protein biosynthesis, but it promotes ketone body utilization and nitrogen generation to an extent.
L-Carnitine Bases main function is to promote fatty acid beta oxidation, which occurs in the liver and the mitochondria of other tissue cells.
L-Carnitine Base is known that free fatty acids and acyl coenzyme A cannot penetrate the inner mitochondrial membrane, but acylcarnitine can do so swiftly.
Thus, it is determined that L-carnitine is the carrier that transports fatty acid and acyl forms into the mitochondrial membrane.
The mechanisms of this transporting process are still unknown, but it is certain that carnitine acyl-CoA transferase is the key enzyme in this process.
L-Carnitine Base has two isoenzymes, one of which is carnitine acyl-CoA transferase I, positioned on the outer side of the membrane. When fatty acid is catalyzed by acyl-CoA-synthatase to produce acyl-CoA, it is transported by carnitine acyl-CoA transferase I into the membrane.
After it has entered the membrane, it is catalyzed by the second isoenzyme - carnitine acyl-CoA transferase II – to turned into a form of acyl-CoA that can be directly utilized by fatty acid catabolic enzymes.
L-Carnitine Base releases energy through processes such as dehydrogenation and deoxygenation.
L-Carnitine Base can also adjust the acyl ratio in mitochondria, thus affecting energy metabolism.
L-Carnitine Base can participate in the transportation of branched chain amino acid metabolites, which encourages the regular metabolism of branched chain amino acid.
L-Carnitine Base is very easily soluble in water, and can be entirely absorbed by the human body when consumed through food.
It is known that the small intestine absorbs L-carnitine, but there is little known about the specific absorption process of carnitine (free or esterified) through intestine mucosa and about the specific absorption area. Besides external food sources of carnitine, humans can also synthesize carnitine with their own bodies.
The liver and kidneys are mainly responsible for synthesizing carnitine.
They progress from lysine into epsilon beta hydroxy three methyl lysine, and use aldolase and aldehyde oxidase to transform it into L-carnitine.
Besides lysine, the body’s biosynthesis of L-carnitine also requires methionine, vitamin C, nicotinic acid and vitamin B6.
A rat dissection showed that carnitine is most concentrated in the adrenal gland, followed by the heart, bones, muscles, fat tissue, and liver, and the carnitine concentration in the kidneys and brain are 40 times that in blood.
Human carnitine concentration has varied greatly due to inconsistencies in measuring method and test subject.
The biological method of testing human blood carnitine content placed it between 0.86-2.87mg/100ml, and the enzymology method of testing muscle carnitine content placed it between 0.457-2.479μg/g.
The absorbed carnitine is metabolized by the human body and excreted in urine as free carnitine.
L-Carnitine Base is a chemical that is made in the human brain, liver, and kidneys.
L-Carnitine Base helps the body turn fat into energy.
L-Carnitine Base is important for heart and brain function, muscle movement, and many other body processes.
The body can convert L-Carnitine Base to other chemicals called acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine.
But L-Carnitine Base's not clear whether the benefits of these other carnitines are the same.
L-Carnitine Base is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that’s often taken as a supplement.
L-Carnitine Base’s used for weight loss and may have an impact on brain function.
L-Carnitine Base is a nutritional supplement with a minimum specification of 97-103% HPLC.
L-Carnitine Base is most commonly used in nutraceutical and nutritional supplement applications.
L-Carnitine Base, also known by various names such as Carnitine Base, L-Carnitine Base, L-Karnitin, Levokarnitin, Levo Carnitine, BT Vitamin, and L-Carnitine Tartarate, is a chemical compound with the CAS number 541-45-1.
Melting point: 197-212 °C (lit.)
alpha: -31 º (c=10, H2O)
Boiling point: 287.5°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.64 g/cm³
bulk density: 636 kg/m³
refractive index: -32 ° (C=1, H2O)
storage temp.: Store below +30°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
pKa: 3.80 (at 25℃)
color: White
pH: 6.5–8.5 (50 g/L, H2O)
optical activity: L -23.930 (c 0.86, H2O), D +30.9
biological source: synthetic
Water Solubility: 2500 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,1849
BRN: 4292315
Stability: Hygroscopic
InChIKey: PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N
LogP: -5.48 at 20℃
L-Carnitine Base and vitamin BT, the chemical formula is C7H15NO3, the chemical name is (R)-3-carboxyl-2-hydroxy-n, N, n-trimethylammonium propionate hydroxide internal salt, and the representative drug is L-carnitine.
L-Carnitine Base is a kind of amino acid that promotes the conversion of fat into energy.
The pure product is white crystal or white transparent fine powder.
L-Carnitine Base is very soluble in water, ethanol and methanol, slightly soluble in acetone, and insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform and ethyl acetate.
L-Carnitine Base is easy to absorb moisture, has good water solubility and water absorption, and can withstand high temperatures above 200 ℃.
L-Carnitine Base has no toxic and side effects on human body.
Red meat is the main source of L-Carnitine Base, which can also be synthesized by human body to meet physiological needs.
L-Carnitine Base is not a real vitamin, but a substance similar to vitamins.
It has many physiological functions such as fat oxidative decomposition, weight loss and anti fatigue.
As a food additive, L-Carnitine Base is widely used in infant food, weight loss food, athlete food, nutritional supplements for the middle-aged and elderly, nutritional fortifiers for vegetarians and animal feed additives.
The appearance is white lens or white transparent fine powder, with a slight special fishy smell.
Very soluble in water, ethanol and methanol, slightly soluble in acetone, insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform and ethyl acetate.
L-Carnitine Base is easy to absorb moisture, and will deliquesce or even liquefy when exposed to air.
It can be placed in the solution with pH value of 3 ~ 6 for more than 1 year, and can withstand the high temperature of more than 200 ℃.
Its combined bond and binding group have good water solubility and water absorption the specific rotation is - 30 ± 1 °.
9.3 g of epichlorohydrin was added at a temperature of 40°-50°C under stirring to 9.6 g of trimethylamine hydrochloride dissolved in 10 cc of water.
Continuing the reaction for an hour at the above temperature, the reaction product was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crystals of 3- chloro-2-oxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride which were recrystallized with 25 cc of ethanol.
The crystals obtained by concentrating the mother liquor were also recrystallized.
The yield was 17.4 g (MP 190°C, yield 91.5%). This substance occurs as white, somewhat hygroscopic crystals and is readily soluble in water or alcohol, but insoluble in benzene, toluene, ether, acetone or chloroform.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Levocarnitine is a naturally available compound that plays a significant role in fatty acid oxidation and energy production in the human body.
L-Carnitine Base is majorly found in skeletal and cardiac muscles of mammals and facilitates the transport of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria.
L-Carnitine Base is a quaternary amine that occurs naturally in most mammalian tissue.
L-Carnitine Base is present in relatively high concentrations in skeletal muscle and heart where it is involved in regulating energy metabolism.
L-Carnitine Base shifts glucose metabolism from glycolysis to glycogen storage and enhances the transport of long chain fatty acids into the mitochondria where they are oxidized for energy production.
Bioven Ingredients is the Leading Supplier of L-Carnitine Base, A non-Essential Amino Acid which helps the body to convert fats into energy.
L-Carnitine Base can be stored in many areas like the muscles, heart and brain, but it is manufactured by the kidneys and liver.
The Pure L-Carnitine Base is helps the body turn fat into energy the body makes it in the liver and kidneys and stores it in the skeletal muscles.
The Raw L-Carnitine Base is helps with healthy brain function, energy, and immune health.
L-Carnitine Base Base Powder for more than 25+ countries by which we are known as a Global Supplier, Distributor & Exporter of L-Carnitine Base Powder.
The chemical structure of L-Carnitine Base is similar to choline and similar to amino acids, but it is not an amino acid and cannot participate in protein biosynthesis.
Since L-Carnitine Base can be synthesized by humans and most animals to meet their physiological needs, it is not a true vitamin, but a substance similar to vitamins.
L-Carnitine Base works by shuttling fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane through a specialized transport system, where they are subsequently broken down through a process called beta-oxidation to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body’s main energy currency.
This mechanism is essential for maintaining efficient energy production, especially during prolonged periods of physical activity or when the body is relying on fat as a primary fuel source, such as during fasting or low-carbohydrate dieting.
L-Carnitine Base is also being studied for its potential role in supporting cardiovascular health, as it may help reduce the accumulation of fatty acids in the heart and improve oxygen utilization in cardiac tissues, potentially leading to better overall heart function in individuals with certain conditions.
Additionally, L-Carnitine may have a neuroprotective effect in some cases, particularly when brain energy metabolism is impaired, although other forms like Acetyl-L-Carnitine are more commonly associated with cognitive benefits.
In supplement form, L-Carnitine Base is typically available as a standalone powder or in capsules and tablets, often taken before exercise to optimize fat burning and stamina.
L-Carnitine Base is considered suitable for those who prefer a form of L-Carnitine that does not contain added salts or acids, making it ideal for individuals with dietary sensitivities or those seeking a purer form of the compound.
However, due to its distinct odor and taste, some people find it less palatable unless encapsulated or mixed into flavored beverages.
Uses:
Essential cofactor of fatty acid metabolism; required for the transport of fatty acids through the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Synthetized primarily in the liver and kidney; highest concentrations found in heart and skeletal muscle. Dietary sources include red meat, dairy products, beans, avocado.
L-Carnitine Base to provide a truly multi-functional product: an exfoliating product with excellent moisturization capability.
This white crystalline powder, highly hygroscopic and amino acid like material brings not only the exfoliation but also, an additional benefit of a high level of moisturization capability.
L-Carnitine Base is primarily used as a dietary supplement to support energy metabolism by assisting in the transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria of cells, where these fats are broken down to produce ATP, the body’s main source of usable energy.
This makes it especially popular among athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and individuals seeking to improve endurance, as it helps the body utilize fat more efficiently as a fuel source during prolonged or intense physical activity, potentially reducing muscle fatigue and supporting improved exercise performance over time.
In addition to its well-known role in enhancing fat metabolism, L-Carnitine Base is often used by individuals following weight management or fat-loss programs, as it may support the body’s ability to oxidize stored fat more readily when combined with physical exercise and a calorie-conscious diet.
L-Carnitine Base is also commonly used in sports nutrition to aid in post-workout recovery, as it may help reduce exercise-induced muscle soreness and promote a quicker return to peak performance levels by supporting tissue repair and reducing oxidative stress.
Beyond athletic and fitness-related uses, L-Carnitine Base has potential applications in clinical and therapeutic settings, where it may be administered as a supplement to support individuals with certain metabolic disorders or conditions that affect energy production, such as chronic fatigue syndrome or mitochondrial dysfunction.
It is also being studied for its potential role in improving cardiovascular function, particularly in patients with heart-related conditions, since it may enhance the efficiency of oxygen utilization in the heart muscle and reduce the buildup of fatty acids in cardiac tissue, which could contribute to improved cardiac output and overall heart health.
Some emerging research also explores the use of L-Carnitine Base in supporting male fertility, as it may enhance sperm motility and count by promoting cellular energy and reducing oxidative damage in reproductive tissues.
While not as commonly used as Acetyl-L-Carnitine for cognitive purposes, the base form may still contribute to overall brain energy metabolism and mental stamina, particularly in situations of physical or mental stress where additional metabolic support is beneficial.
L-Carnitine Base is also frequently utilized in clinical nutrition, particularly for patients who are recovering from surgery or illness and may be experiencing muscle wasting or nutritional deficiencies, as it helps promote lean muscle mass retention by ensuring that fatty acids are efficiently utilized for energy rather than stored in adipose tissue.
In such scenarios, it can contribute to better physical rehabilitation outcomes and quicker overall recovery, especially in individuals with limited mobility or those on restricted diets.
In medical contexts, L-Carnitine Base is sometimes included in nutritional regimens for patients with kidney disease, especially those undergoing dialysis, since these individuals often have impaired endogenous production of L-carnitine and may benefit from supplementation to counter fatigue, improve muscle strength, and reduce symptoms such as cramps or low energy levels associated with carnitine deficiency.
In the realm of metabolic health, L-Carnitine Base is studied for its potential role in supporting blood sugar regulation and insulin sensitivity, particularly in people with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, as improved fatty acid metabolism can reduce lipotoxicity and enhance glucose utilization at the cellular level.
While research is ongoing, these metabolic benefits suggest that L-carnitine could be a valuable adjunct in managing chronic metabolic disorders.
In addition to these internal benefits, some cosmetic and wellness applications of L-Carnitine Base involve its inclusion in topical formulations and skin care products, where it is used for its fat-mobilizing properties and its potential to improve skin firmness or reduce the appearance of cellulite by encouraging localized fat breakdown and improving microcirculation in the skin.
L-Carnitine Base may also be employed as a general vitality supplement for aging populations, aiming to preserve physical stamina, reduce mental fatigue, and support overall mitochondrial function, which naturally declines with age and contributes to a range of age-related concerns.
This broad range of applications makes L-Carnitine Base a versatile compound in both preventative health strategies and targeted nutritional therapies.
Safety Profile:
L-Carnitine Base is generally considered safe for most people when taken in appropriate doses, excessive or prolonged use may lead to unwanted side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea, particularly when taken on an empty stomach or in high concentrations.
In some individuals, especially those sensitive to certain compounds, L-Carnitine Base supplementation has been associated with a "fishy" body odor due to the metabolism of carnitine into trimethylamine, a compound with a strong, unpleasant scent that can be excreted through sweat, breath, and urine.
There have been concerns in some research studies that long-term, high-dose L-Carnitine Base supplementation might lead to the production of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by gut bacteria, a metabolite that has been linked in preliminary studies to an increased risk of cardiovascular events, although more evidence is needed to confirm this risk in humans.
Rarely, individuals taking L-Carnitine Base may experience neurological symptoms such as restlessness, agitation, or even insomnia, particularly if taken later in the day, likely due to its stimulating effect on mitochondrial energy production and overall metabolism.
Although uncommon, allergic reactions such as rash, itching, dizziness, or swelling (especially of the face, tongue, or throat) may occur in sensitive individuals, and such symptoms should prompt immediate discontinuation and medical attention.
In those with underlying medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, there is some evidence suggesting that L-Carnitine Base may interfere with thyroid hormone uptake or function, and caution should be used in consultation with a healthcare provider before beginning supplementation.
