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1-Dodecanol, Alcohol C12, Dodecyl alcohol, Lauryl alcohol
CAS No.: 112-53-8
EC No: 203-982-0
Lauryl alcohol or dodecyl alcohol is an organic compound produced industrially from palm kemel oil or coconut oil. It is a fatty alcohol. Sulfate esters of lauryl alcohol, especially sodium lauryl sulfate are very widely used as surfactants. Sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate are all used in shampoos. Lauryl alcohol is tasteless and colorless with a floral odor.
Synonyms:
Dodecanol , 1-Dodecanol , Dodecyl alcohol , Dodecan-1-ol , Lauryl alcohol , n-Dodecyl alcohol , Undecyl Carbinol , dodecylalcohol , Lauric alcohol , Laurinic alcohol , 1-dodecyl alcohol , Pisol , n-dodecan-1-ol , duodecyl alcohol , 1-hydroxydodecan ,Siponol L5 , Karukoru 20 , Lauroyl alcohol , Siponol 25 , Lorol 5 , Lorol 7 , n-Dodecanol , Lauryl 24 , Alcohol C-12 , Alfol 12 , Lorol 11 , Sipol L12 , Dytol J-68 , Siponol L2 , Cachalot L-50 , Cachalot L-90 , Dodecyl alcoho alcohols , C8-18 n-Lauryl alcohol , C12 alcohol , Hainol 12SS , Hydroxydodecane , Conol 20P , Conol 20PP , Lorol , EPAL 12 , Adol 10 , Adol 12 , Dodecanol-1 , n-Lauryl alcohol , primary Nacol 12-96 , NA 42 , CO-1214N , CO-1214S , MFCD00004753 , Alcohol C12 , S 1298 , UNII-178A96NLP2 , CO-1214 , MA-1214 Alcohols , C12-13 , Lorol C12 , Co-1214S1-dodecanol , DSSTox CID 6918 , DSSRox RID 78253 , DSSTox GSID 26918 , C8-18 Alcohols , Fatty alcohol (C12) , Adol 11 , Lorol C12 , FEMA Number 2617 , Dytol J-68 (VAN) , Lorol C 12/98 , 1DO , Fatty (C8-C18) alcoholl , laurylalcohol , dodecanol group , Lorol special , Al3-00309 , Lipocol L , 1-dodecanol group , Philcohol 1200 , 1-Dodecanol , %98 Lorol C8-C10 special , Lorol C12-C14
Lauryl alcohol is a saturated 12-carbon fatty alcohol obtained from coconut oil fatty acids. It has a floral odor and is used in detergents, lubricating oils, and pharmaceuticals.
1-Dodecanol, or dodecanol, also known by its IUPAC name 1-dodecanol or dodecan-1-ol, and by its trivial name dodecyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol, is a fatty alcohol. Dodecanol is a colourless, water insoluble solid of melting point 24 degree centigrade and boiling point 259 degree centigrade. It has a floral odor. It can be obtained from palm kernel or coconut oil fatty acids and methyl esters by reduction.
The European demand of dodecanol was around 60 thousand tons per year. It can be obtained from palm kernel or coconut oil fatty acids and methyl esters by hydrogenation. It may also be produced synthetically via the Ziegler process. A classic laboratory method involves Bouveault-Blanc reduction of ethyl laurate.
Dodecanol is used to make surfactants, lubricating oils,pharmaceuticals, in the formation of monolithic polymers and as a flavor enhancing food additive. In cosmetics, dodecanol is used as an emolliet. It is also the precursor to dodecanal, an important fragrance, and 1-bromododecan, an alkylating agent for improving the lipophilycity of organic molecules.
It is may be used to investigate the thermal properties of caprylic acid using differential scanning calorimetry. It may also be used as extraction solvent during determination of five kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples, using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method.
Lauryl alcohol has a characteristic fatty odor. It is unpleasant at high concentrations but delicate and floral on dilution. It has a fatty, waxy flavor. It may be prepared by hydrogenation of lauric acid; normally employed as a replacement for the corresponding aldehyde.
Lauryl alcohol has a characteristic fatty odor; unpleasant at high concentrations, but delicate and floral on dilution. It has a fatty, waxy flavor.
Lauryl alcohol is a crystalline solid that has a melting point of 24°C.The air odor threshold for dodecyl alcohol (isomer not specified) is reported to be 7.1 ppb.
Reported found in the oil of Mexican lime and in the oil from flowers of Furcraea gigantean. Also reported found in apple, banana, sour cherry, citrus peel oils, melon, pineapple, potato, thymus, cheeses, butter, milk powder, chicken and beef fat, cooked pork, beer, whiskies, white wine, peanuts, beans, mushrooms, mango, coriander seed and leaf, rice, Bourbon vanilla, endive, crab, clam, Cape gooseberry, pawpaw and maté.
Lauryl alcohol is used in chemical formulations for a variety of purposes, including as an emulsion stabilizer, a skin-conditioning emollient, and a viscosity-increasing agent.
A fatty alcohol that is Lauryl alcohol in which a hydrogen from one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It is registered for use in apple and pear orchards as a Lepidopteran pheromone/sex attractant, used to disrupt the mating behaviour of certa n moths whose larvae destroy crops.
Lauryl alcohol is produced commercially by the oxo process and from ethylene by the Ziegler process, which involves oxidation of trialkylaluminum compounds. It can also be produced by sodium reduction or high-pressure hydrogenation of esters of naturally occurring lauric acid.
Commercially prepared by hydrogenation of lauric acid; normally employed as a replacement for the corresponding aldehyde.
Lauryl alcohol is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
Lauryl alcohol Reactive with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability
Lauryl alcohol During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent
Lauryl alcohol Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Lauryl alcohol is Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by ingestion. A severe human skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use dry chemical, CO2. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes
Lauryl alcohol showed weak tumor-promoting activity when applied three times a week for 60 weeks to the skin of mice that had previously received an initiating dose of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Papillomas developed in 2 of 30 mice after 39 and 49 weeks of treatment.
Although Dodecanol exhibits non-polar narcotic toxicity to aquatic organisms of about 1 mg/l, the substance is readily degradable and releases during production, or through diffuse uses of the free alcohol do not give rise to environmental concerns.
The substance is practically non-toxic, and is a permitted food additive (GRAS) in both the U.S. and the EU
Only minor releases of Dodecanol are expected during production. The major use of this substance is as a chemical intermediate for the production of Dodecyl sulfates and ethoxylates. Consumers will be exposed directly due to presence in foods and cosmetics.
The production of fatty alcohols of this type range between 1000 and 10,000 tons per year in Denmark. In 1993 the European production of Dodecanol was estimated as being max. 60,000 tons. In the U.S.A. output of plasticizer type alcohols including Dodecanol was estimated at 110,000 tons in 1975. Domestic consumption of detergent alcohols in the U.S. in 1992 included about 24,000 tons as free alcohols. 1-Dodecanol is used primarily as a chemical intermediate for the production of n-Dodecyl sulfate salts, and in the manufacture of n-Dodecyl ethoxylates. It also finds use in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, rubber, textiles, perfumes, and as a flavouring agent.
1-Dodecanol has been reported in non-alcoholic beverages at 2.0 ppm, ice cream 1 ppm, candy 2.8 ppm, baked goods 1.7 ppm, chewing gum 16-27 ppm and syrups at 7.0 ppm. The substance has been identified in the saliva of male and female volunteers by GC-MS analysis
Use as a fragrance material, and in soaps and personal care products can be assumed to result in significant exposure. Likewise, oral uptake via content in foods will constitute a major source of exposure. The data received in the SIDS dossier does not allow this amount to be accurately determined, but some rough estimates may be made. At a concentration of 2.0 ppm in non-alcoholic beverages, it would seem logical to assume that some persons will absorb as much as 4 mg/day from this rout.
Exposure to 1-Dodecanol via foods and use of consumer products is widespread. Toxicological effects as determined at the SIDS level appear slight, being confined to minor effects on blood chemistry in rats after 37- days of administration of > 100 mg/kg in feed. The substance is not genotoxic. There is limited evidence that 1-Dodecanol can act as a cocarcinogen after repeated dermal application, but this effect appears to be weak, and may be associated with irritative effects which would not be anticipated to occur under normal conditions of exposure. 1-Dodecanol is acutely toxic to a number of aquatic organisms, in many cases at concentrations of 1 mg/l or lower. A 21-day daphnia test established a NOEC of 1.0 mg/l. It is difficult to estimate actual release to the environment, although a small percentage will certainly reach the environment through use in various products. Limited older monitoring data indicate the presence of 1-Dodecanol in effluent and river water sediments at concentrations which could cause local environmental concern. The substance appears to be fairly rapidly degraded under aerobic conditions as seen in a number of experiments. Limited information was found on anaerobic degradation, although similar alcohols, both higher and lower appear also to be subject to substantial anaerobic degradation.
Examples of use categories are dyestuffs, intermediates, solvents, adhesives, building material agents, detergents, cleaning agents, fertilisers, plastic agents, surface treatment agents, etc. Types of uses are divided into three: industrial use (open system and closed system), public use and export. The greatest single use category is as a chemical intermediate for the production of nDodecyl sulphate salts, followed by use as an intermediate for the manufacture of n-Dodecyl ethoxylates. 1-Dodecanol is also used in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, rubber, textiles, perfumes, and as a flavouring agent. Ca. 20,000 lbs/year used in fragrances in the U.S. Found in non-alcoholic beverages at 2.0 ppm, ice cream 1 ppm, candy 2.8 ppm, baked goods 1.7 ppm, chewing gum 16-27 ppm and syrups at 7.0 ppm (ref. 5. HSDB, 1990, Cas. No. 112-53-8).
