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LITHIUM HYDROXIDE

Synonyms: Hydroxyde de lithium; Lithium hydrate; Lithine hydrate; LiOH; 1310-65-2; Lithium hydrate

Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white hygroscopic crystalline material. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is available commercially in anhydrous form and as the monohydrate (LiOH.H2O).

Synonyms:
Hydroxyde de lithium; Lithium hydrate; Lithine hydrate; Lithium hydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, LiOH; Lithium hydroxide; 1310-65-2; Lithium hydrate; LiOH; Lithium hydroxide anhydrous; Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH));Hydroxyde de lithiume;  Lithiumhydroxid; lithiumhydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous; Lithium hydoxide; Lithium hydroxide, 98%, pure, anhydrous; Lithine; lithium hydroxid; lithium hyroxide; litium hydroxide; lithium hydorxide; Li.HO; Lithium (2H)hydroxide; lithium hydroxide, solution; Lithium hydroxide powder, reagent grade; Lithium hydroxide, reagent grade, 98%; LITHIUM-6 HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid [UN2680] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, powder, reagent grade, >=98%; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid [UN2680] [Corrosive]CAS NO:    1310-65-2; EC NO:215-183-4; lithium hydroxide; lithium hydroxide monohydrate; lithium hydroxide, 6Li-labeled; lithium hydroxide; 7Li-labeled; Lithium hydroxide; 1310-65-2; LiOH; Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)); Lithium hydroxide anhydrous; UNII-903YL31JAS; EINECS; 215-183-4; UN2679; UN2680, Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous; MFCD00011095; Lithiumhydroxid; Lithine; lithiumhydroxide; lithium hyroxide; Lithium hydoxide; Li.HO; U - 4-Chloroaniline; Lithium (2H)hydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, solution; Lithium hydroxide powder, reagent grade; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydrate; Lithine hydrate; Lithium hydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, LiOH; Lithium hydroxide; 1310-65-2; Lithium hydrate; LiOH; Lithium hydroxide anhydrous; Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)); Lithiumhydroxid; lithiumhydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous; Lithium hydoxide; Lithium hydroxide, 98%, pure, anhydrous; Lithine; lithium hydroxid; lithium hyroxide; litium hydroxide; lithium hydorxide; Li.HO; Lithium (2H)hydroxide; lithium hydroxide, solution; Lithium hydroxide powder, reagent grade; Lithium hydroxide, reagent grade, 98%; LITHIUM-6 HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid [UN2680] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, powder, reagent grade, >=98%; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, solution [UN2679] [Corrosive]; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid; Lithium hydroxide, monohydrate or lithium hydroxide, solid [UN2680] [Corrosive]CAS NO:    1310-65-2; EC NO:215-183-4; lithium hydroxide; lithium hydroxide monohydrate; lithium hydroxide, 6Li-labeled; lithium hydroxide; 7Li-labeled; Lithium hydroxide; 1310-65-2; LiOH; Lithium hydroxide (Li(OH)); Lithium hydroxide anhydrous; UNII-903YL31JAS; EINECS; 215-183-4; UN2679; UN2680, Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous; MFCD00011095; Lithiumhydroxid; Lithine; lithiumhydroxide;Hydroxyde de lithium;  lithium hyroxide; Lithium hydoxide; Li.HO; U - 4-Chloroaniline; Lithium (2H)hydroxide; Lithium hydroxide, solution; LİTYUM HİDROKSİT; lityum hidroksit; lithium hidroksit; lityum hydroxide; lityum hydoxıde; lityum hydroxide; hidroksit; lityum; Hydroxyde de lithium; LITHIUM HYDROXIDE; LİTHIUM HYDROXİDE; Hydroxyde de litium ; Hydroxyde de lithium; litium; lithium

Lithium hydroxide

Lithium hydroxide
Lithiumhydroxide t.png
Lithium hydroxide
Kristallstruktur Lithiumhydroxid.png
  Li+        O2−       H+
Lithium-hydroxide.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Lithium hydroxide
Identifiers
CAS Number    
1310-65-2 ☑
1310-66-3 (monohydrate) ☒
3D model (JSmol)    
Interactive image
ChEBI    
CHEBI:33979 ☑
ChemSpider    
3802 ☑
ECHA InfoCard    100.013.804 
Gmelin Reference    68415
PubChem CID    
3939
RTECS number    
OJ6307070
UNII    
903YL31JAS ☑
UN number    2680
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)    
DTXSID70893845 
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula    LiOH
Molar mass    
23.95 g/mol (anhydrous)
41.96 g/mol (monohydrate)
Appearance    
Hygroscopic white solid
Odor    none
Density    
1.46 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.51 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
Melting point    462 °C (864 °F; 735 K)
Boiling point    924 °C (1,695 °F; 1,197 K) decomposes
Solubility in water    
(anhydrous:)
12.7 g/100 mL (0 °C)
12.8 g/100 mL (20 °C)
17.5 g/100 mL (100 °C)
(monohydrate:)
22.3 g/100 mL (10 °C)
26.8 g/100 mL (80 °C)[1]
Solubility in methanol    
9.76 g/100 g (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
13.69 g/100 g (monohydrate; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)[2]
Solubility in ethanol    
2.36 g/100 g (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
2.18 g/100 g (monohydrate; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)[2]
Solubility in isopropanol    
0 g/100 g (anhydrous; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)
0.11 g/100 g (monohydrate; 20 °C, 48 hours mixing)[2]
Basicity (pKb)    −0.04[3]
Conjugate base    Lithium monoxide anion
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)    −12.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)    
1.464 (anhydrous)
1.460 (monohydrate)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)    2.071 J/g⋅K
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)    −20.36 kJ/g
Hazards
Main hazards    Corrosive
Safety data sheet    "ICSC 0913".
"ICSC 0914". (monohydrate)
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)    
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
030
Flash point    Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)    210 mg/kg (oral, rat)[4]
Related compounds
Other anions    Lithium amide
Other cations    Sodium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Rubidium hydroxide
Caesium hydroxide
Related compounds    Lithium oxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒ verify (what is ☑☒ ?)
Infobox references
Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white hygroscopic crystalline material. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is available commercially in anhydrous form and as the monohydrate (LiOH.H2O). While lithium hydroxide is a strong base, it is the weakest known alkali metal hydroxide.


Production and reactions
Lithium hydroxide is produced in a metathesis reaction between lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide:[5]

Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2 LiOH + CaCO3
The initially produced hydrate is dehydrated by heating under vacuum up to 180 °C.

In the laboratory, lithium hydroxide arises by the action of water on lithium or lithium oxide. The equations for these processes follow:

2 Li + 2 H2O → 2 LiOH + H2
Li2O + H2O → 2 LiOH
Typically, these reactions are avoided.

Although lithium carbonate is more widely used, the hydroxide is an effective precursor to lithium salts, e.g.

LiOH + HF → LiF + H2O.
Gas phase chemistry
The acidity of LiOH has been measured in the gas phase. The oxidolithium anion, LiO–, was produced by successive decarboxylation and decarbonylation of monolithium oxalate anion, LiO(C=O)(C=O)O–, by collision-induced dissociation and was identified by its exact mass. The gas-phase acidity of LiOH was inferred from the experimentally determined electron affinity of LiO• and previously known heats of formation to give a value of 426 ± 2 kcal/mol. This is considerably higher than the gas-phase acidity of water (390 kcal/mol) and even exceeds that of methane (417 kcal/mol). Thus, LiOH is a very weak acid and is in fact the weakest acid yet measured in the gas phase.[6]

Applications
Lithium hydroxide is mainly consumed in the production of lithium greases. A popular lithium grease thickener is Lithium 12-hydroxystearate, which produces a general-purpose lubricating grease due to its high resistance to water and usefulness at a range of temperatures.

Carbon dioxide scrubbing
Further information: carbon dioxide scrubber
Lithium hydroxide is used in breathing gas purification systems for spacecraft, submarines, and rebreathers to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gas by producing lithium carbonate and water:[7]

2 LiOH•H2O + CO2 → Li2CO3 + 3 H2O
or

2 LiOH + CO2 → Li2CO3 + H2O
The latter, anhydrous hydroxide, is preferred for its lower mass and lesser water production for respirator systems in spacecraft. One gram of anhydrous lithium hydroxide can remove 450 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas. The monohydrate loses its water at 100–110 °C.

Other uses
It is used as a heat transfer medium and as a storage-battery electrolyte. It is also used in ceramics and some Portland cement formulations. Lithium hydroxide (isotopically enriched in lithium-7) is used to alkalize the reactor coolant in pressurized water reactors for corrosion control.[8]

Market
In 2012, the price of lithium hydroxide was about $5,000 to $6,000 per tonne.[9]

See also
Soda lime

Properties
Related Categories    Essential Chemicals, Lithium Salts, Materials Science, Metal and Ceramic Science, Research Essentials,
Salts
Less...
Quality Level      200
assay      99.995% trace metals basis
form      solid

Description
General description
Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) is a lithium source that can be prepared from lithium carbonate by membrane electrolysis.[1][2]

Application
LiOH.H2O can be used in the preparation of porous cathode films for the fabrication of lithium batteries.[1] It can also be used in the development of lithium oxygen batteries.[3]

Lithium hydroxide, solution appears as a clear to water-white liquid which may have a pungent odor. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used to make other chemicals.

CAMEO Chemicals
Lithium hydroxide is an alkali metal hydroxide.

ChEBI

Molecular Weight of Lithium hydroxide:    24 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Lithium hydroxide:    1    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Lithium hydroxide:    1    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Rotatable Bond Count of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Exact Mass of Lithium hydroxide:    24.018743 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Monoisotopic Mass of Lithium hydroxide:    24.018743 g/mol    Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Topological Polar Surface Area of Lithium hydroxide:    1 Ų    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Heavy Atom Count     of Lithium hydroxide:2    Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by PubChem
Complexity of Lithium hydroxide:    2    Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18)
Isotope Atom Count of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count     of Lithium hydroxide:0    Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Lithium hydroxide:    0    Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Lithium hydroxide:    2    Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized of Lithium hydroxide:    Yes    

Application of lithium hydroxide :: Manufacture of lubricating greases, component of the electrolyte in alkaline storage
batteries, the raw materials for other lithium chemicals.
Handling of Lithium Hydroxide :: in humid air should be avoided. Lithium hydroxide should be stored away from moisture, do not spoil the package.
Storage of Lithium Hydroxide :: Be stored indefinitely with the exclusion of carbon dioxide (from air) and moisture.
Packing of Lithium Hydroxide :: 25kg polyethylene bags in tightening ring drums.
Lithine Anhydrous Lithium Hydroxide Anhydrous lithium hydroxide

This alkali in the form of colorless crystals, very caustic, is analogous to soda (NaOH) and potash (KOH), although some of its properties are unique. Its main advantage over these concerns its low mass and greater density, which makes its uses in confined spaces more practical6. To this compactness and lightness, we can add the great power of the Li + / Li redox couple, in particular its oxidation-reduction potential and its durability.

Properties of lithium hydroxide:
Lithium hydroxide occurs as a hygroscopic white crystal7. It is soluble in water (128 g · l-1 at 20 ° C), and slightly in ethanol. It melts at 471 ° C.

Uses of lithium hydroxide:
Caustic lithine was a strong base used in soap making. It makes it possible to obtain fatty lithium soaps, for example lithium stearate, by saponification reaction. These soaps are used to make foundry lubricants and nonstick.

Lithium hydroxide is used to manufacture technical salts or polymers mainly with anti-static properties.

Other uses involve it in polymer syntheses or as an electrolyte in batteries, which are powerful and have long-term reliable use, but also in lithium accumulators.

Air purification by absorption of CO2
Lithium hydroxide has been used since the 1950s during space missions8 and in submarines to purify the air9. Indeed, lithium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide according to the following acid-base reaction:


Nuclear reactors
Lithine is also used in nuclear water reactors, in particular those using dissolved boric acid. Lithine counteracts the acidity of the primary circuit generated by boric acid (itself injected as a neutrophage). The choice fell on him because a small part of boron 10 is transformed into lithium 7 by reaction (n + B10 -> alpha + Li7) (about 2%).

Lithine used in nuclear reactors is based on lithium enriched in Li7; thus the absence of Li6 prevents the formation of (unwanted) tritium by reaction (n + Li6 -> T + alpha)

History of lithium hydroxide:
The name lithine is mentioned in 1827 in the dictionary of the academy. It most often refers to the caustic alkali LiOH, but sometimes still lithium (hemi) oxide. In the past, it more often referred to lithium carbonate.

Lithium Hydroxide Toxicity:
It is a very caustic alkali, for the mucous membranes and the skin.


Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white hygroscopic crystalline material. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is commercially available as anhydrous and as a monohydrate (LiOH.H2O), both of which are strong bases. It is the weakest base among the alkali metal hydroxides.
Production and reactions
Lithium hydroxide is produced in a metathesis reaction between lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide: [5]
 

 

Li2CO3 + Ca (OH) 2 ›2 LiOH + CaCO3
The hydrate initially produced is dehydrated by heating under vacuum to 180 ° C.
 

In the laboratory, lithium hydroxide is produced by the action of water on lithium or lithium oxide. The equations for these processes are as follows:

 

2 Li + 2 H2O ›2 LiOH + H2
Li2O + H2O ›2 LiOH
As a rule, these reactions are avoided.
 
Lithium hydroxide is mainly consumed for the production of lithium fats. A popular lithium grease is lithium stearate, which is a general purpose lubricating grease due to its high water resistance and utility at high and low temperatures.
Small colorless crystals. More dense than water. Contact may cause severe irritation to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
USES
Adsorbents and absorbents
Intermediaries
Ion exchange agents
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Oxidizing / reducing agents
Electrical and electronic products
Lubricants and greases
Toys, playground and sports equipment
 

Although lithium carbonate is more widely used, the hydroxide is an effective precursor of lithium salts, e.g.

LiOH + HF ›LiF + H2O.

 

Gas phase chemistry
The acidity of LiOH was measured in the gas phase. The oxidolithium anion, LiO-, was produced by successive decarboxylation and decarbonylation of the monolithium oxalate anion, LiO (C = O) (C = O) O-, by collision-induced dissociation and identified by its exact mass. The gas phase acidity of LiOH was deduced from the electron affinity of LiO • determined experimentally and from the previously known heats of formation to give a value of 426 ± 2 kcal / mol. This is considerably higher than the gas phase acidity of water (390 kcal / mol) and even exceeds that of methane (417 kcal / mol). Thus, LiOH is a very weak acid and is in fact the weakest acid yet measured in the gas phase. [6]

Applications
Lithium hydroxide is mainly consumed in the production of lithium fats. A popular lithium grease thickener is lithium 12-hydroxystearate, which produces a general-purpose lubricating grease because of its high water resistance and utility over a range of temperatures.
 
Carbon dioxide purification
Additional information: carbon dioxide scrubber
Lithium hydroxide is used in the respiratory gas purification systems of spacecraft, submarines, and rebreathers to remove carbon dioxide from exhaled gases producing lithium carbonate and water: [7]
2 LiOH • H2O + CO2 ›Li2CO3 + 3 H2O
or
2 LiOH + CO2 ›Li2CO3 + H2O
The latter, anhydrous hydroxide, is preferred for its lower mass and lower water production for respiratory systems in spacecraft. One gram of anhydrous lithium hydroxide can remove 450 cm3 of carbon dioxide. The monohydrate loses its water at 100-110 ° C.

Other uses
It is used as a heat transfer fluid and as an accumulator electrolyte. It is also used in ceramics and some formulations of Portland cement. Lithium hydroxide (isotopically enriched in lithium-7) is used to alkalinize reactor coolant in pressurized water reactors for the control of
Lithium Hydroxide Chemical Formula: LiOH
Lithium Hydroxide HS Code: 2825 20 00
Lithium Hydroxide EC Number: 215-183-4
Molar mass of lithium hydroxide: 23.95 g / mol
Lithium Hydroxide CAS Number: 1310-65-2
Solubility of lithium hydroxide: 71 g / l (20 ° C)
Melting point of lithium hydroxide: 462 ° C
Density of lithium hydroxide: 2.54 g / cm3
Density of lithium hydroxide: bulk 550 kg / m3
PH value of lithium hydroxide: 12 (50 g / l, H2O, 50 ° C)
Statement of Lithium Hydroxide: Hazard (s) H301: Toxic if swallowed.
H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Density of lithium hydroxide: 1.5 g / cm3
Melting point of lithium hydroxide: 423 ° C
PH value of Lithium hydroxide: 12 (50 g / l, H²O, 50 ° C)
Density of lithium hydroxide: bulk 550 kg / m3
Solubility of lithium hydroxide: 110 g / l 


Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It is a white hygroscopic crystalline material. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol, and is the weakest base among the alkali metal hydroxides. 
 
It is available commercially inanhydrous form and as the monohydrate (LiOH.H2O), both of which are strong bases. Lithium hydroxide is produced in a metathesis reaction between lithium carbonate and calcium hydroxide.
 
Li2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 → 2 LiOH + CaCO3
 
The initially produced hydrate is dehydrated by heating under vacuum up to 180 °C.
 
In the laboratory, lithium hydroxide arises by the action of water on lithium or lithium oxide. The equations for these processes follow:
2 Li + 2 H2O → 2 LiOH + H2
Li2O + H2O → 2 LiOH
 
Typically, these reactions are avoided.
 
Although lithium carbonate is more widely used, the hydroxide is an effective precursor to lithium salts, e.g. LiOH + HF → LiF + H2O
 

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