LYSINE

Lysine is an essential amino acid widely used in human nutrition, animal feed, pharmaceuticals, and personal care as a nutrient, buffering component, and functional building block for salt formation and formulation optimization.
Lysine is commonly supplied as L-Lysine or as lysine salts such as L-Lysine hydrochloride, and Lysine supports protein synthesis and is frequently used to fortify foods and feeds where amino acid balance is important.
Lysine is valued for high nutritional relevance, good water solubility, broad regulatory acceptance for nutritional use, and versatility in formulation as a pH-adjusting and buffering amino acid.

CAS Number: 56-87-1 (L-Lysine)
EC Number: 200-294-2
Molecular Formula: C6H14N2O2
Molecular Weight: 146.19 g/mol

Synonyms: Lysine, L-Lysine, Lysine Base, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, α,ε-Diaminocaproic Acid, Lysine Amino Acid, Lysine Nutritional Additive, Lysine Supplement, Feed Grade Lysine, Food Grade Lysine, Pharmaceutical Lysine, Proteinogenic Amino Acid Lysine, Lysine, L-Lysine, L-Lysine (essential amino acid), Lysine (essential amino acid), Lys (amino acid abbreviation), K (one-letter amino acid code), 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid, 2,6-Diaminohexanoate (acid form wording), α,ε-Diaminocaproic Acid, Alpha,Epsilon-Diaminocaproic Acid, Diaminocaproic Acid, Diaminocaproate (acid form wording), Aminocaproic Acid, 6-Amino-2-aminocaproic Acid (variant wording), (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid, L-α,ε-Diaminocaproic Acid, L-Alpha,Epsilon-Diaminocaproic Acid, L-Lysine Base, Lysine Base, Lysine Free Base, Free Base Lysine, Lysine Powder, Lysine Crystals, Lysine Granules, Lysine Fine Powder, Lysine Micronized, Lysine High Purity, Lysine 98%, Lysine 99%, Lysine USP (where applicable), Lysine EP (where applicable), Lysine BP (where applicable), Lysine Food Grade, Lysine Feed Grade, Lysine Pharmaceutical Grade, Lysine Supplement Grade, Lysine Reagent, Lysine Analytical Grade, Lysine Laboratory Grade, Lysine Technical Grade, Lysine (CAS 56-87-1), CAS 56-87-1, Lysine (C6H14N2O2), C6H14N2O2, Lysine (EINECS 200-294-2), EC 200-294-2, Lysine Hydrochloride, L-Lysine Hydrochloride, Lysine HCl, L-Lysine HCl, Lysine Monohydrochloride, L-Lysine Monohydrochloride, Lysine HCl (98%), Lysine HCl (feed grade), Lysine Sulfate, L-Lysine Sulfate, Lysine Sulphate, L-Lysine Sulphate, Lysine sulfate (feed grade), Lysine Acetate, L-Lysine Acetate, Lysine Aspartate, L-Lysine Aspartate, Lysine Monoglutamate, L-Lysine Monoglutamate, Lysine Malate, L-Lysine Malate, Lysine Citrate, L-Lysine Citrate, Lysine Phosphate, L-Lysine Phosphate, Lysine (amino acid), Natural Lysine, Fermentation Lysine

APPLICATIONS

Lysine is used in dietary supplements to support daily essential amino acid intake in capsule, tablet, and powder formats.
Lysine is incorporated into sports nutrition products to complement protein blends and amino acid profiles.
Lysine is used in wellness powders and drink mixes where amino acid fortification is desired.

Lysine is used in functional foods to fortify protein quality and improve amino acid balance in cereal-based products.
Lysine is incorporated into nutrition bars to enhance the essential amino acid profile of plant proteins.
Lysine is used in meal replacement products to support targeted amino acid specifications.

Lysine is used in animal nutrition as a key feed additive to optimize growth performance and feed efficiency.
Lysine is incorporated into poultry feed to improve amino acid balance and reduce total protein requirements.
Lysine is used in swine feed to support lean growth and improve nitrogen utilization.

Lysine is used in aquaculture feeds to meet essential amino acid requirements for fish and shrimp.
Lysine is incorporated into pet food formulations to support complete and balanced amino acid profiles.
Lysine is used in specialty feeds where precise amino acid supplementation is required.

Lysine is used in pharmaceutical formulation as a salt-forming agent to improve solubility and stability of acidic drug substances.
Lysine is incorporated into injectable and oral formulations where buffering and pH control are required.
Lysine is used in lyophilized products as a stabilizing excipient in compatible formulations.

Lysine is used in medical nutrition and clinical products to support amino acid supplementation under professional guidance.
Lysine is incorporated into enteral nutrition formulas to meet specific amino acid targets.
Lysine is used in pediatric nutrition products where amino acid fortification is required by specification.

Lysine is used in personal care as a skin-conditioning amino acid component in moisturizing and barrier-support formulations.
Lysine is incorporated into creams and serums to support a skin-friendly amino acid profile in compatible systems.
Lysine is used in hair care products where amino acids support conditioning claims and improved feel.

Lysine is used as a pH adjuster and buffering component in cosmetic and topical formulations where mild alkalinity is needed.
Lysine is incorporated into surfactant systems to optimize mildness and reduce irritation potential in compatible designs.
Lysine is used in deodorant and antiperspirant concepts where salt formation and pH control are important.

Lysine is used in fermentation-based manufacturing as a target product and as a nutrient in microbial growth media.
Lysine is incorporated into bioprocess development to optimize yield and downstream purification strategies.
Lysine is used in laboratory media and research protocols where amino acid supplementation is required.

Lysine is used in chemical synthesis as a chiral building block for peptides and specialty intermediates.
Lysine is incorporated into peptide synthesis to produce bioactive peptides and research reagents.
Lysine is used in crosslinking and functionalization chemistry where diamine functionality is beneficial.

Lysine is used in quality control laboratories as a reference standard for amino acid analysis.
Lysine is incorporated into HPLC and titration methods to validate amino acid quantification performance.
Lysine is valued because Lysine provides essential nutrition and broad formulation versatility across food, feed, pharma, and cosmetic applications.

DESCRIPTION

Lysine is typically supplied as a white to off-white crystalline powder and is commonly available as L-Lysine or L-Lysine hydrochloride depending on application needs.
Lysine is a basic amino acid with two amine groups, and Lysine can form salts with acids and participate in buffering behavior in aqueous systems.
Lysine is highly water soluble, and Lysine solutions typically show alkaline pH behavior due to amine functionality.

Lysine is essential for humans and many animals, meaning Lysine must be obtained from the diet because Lysine cannot be synthesized in sufficient amounts.
Lysine is widely produced by fermentation and is then purified to meet food, feed, or pharmaceutical specifications.
Lysine can interact with reducing sugars in food systems, so process conditions should be controlled to manage browning reactions in sensitive applications.

Lysine is generally stable under dry storage, but Lysine can absorb moisture and cake if exposed to humidity.
Lysine should be stored in tightly closed containers protected from moisture and contamination to maintain consistent quality.
Lysine is typically used according to relevant regulations and product specifications for the intended market and application category.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Formula: C6H14N2O2
Molecular Weight: 146.19 g/mol
Common Name: L-Lysine
Chemical Type: Essential amino acid (basic, diamino acid)
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Practically odorless
Solubility: Freely soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol (grade dependent)
pKa: Multiple pKa values typical of amino acids (system dependent)
pH (1% solution): Typically alkaline (grade dependent)
Melting Point: Decomposes on heating (typical for amino acids)
Hygroscopicity: Can absorb moisture; caking possible in humid environments
Stability: Stable under dry, cool conditions; aqueous solutions require microbial control
Storage Temperature: 15–25°C, dry, tightly closed
Shelf Life: Typically 24–36 months in original sealed packaging (supplier dependent)

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air if dust is inhaled.
Seek medical attention if respiratory irritation persists.
Avoid breathing dust during handling and powder transfer.

Skin Contact:
Wash with soap and water after contact.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Seek medical advice if irritation develops or persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, then continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Seek medical attention if discomfort occurs or if a large amount is swallowed.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote is required.
Provide supportive care based on exposure route and symptoms.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Use appropriate PPE including gloves and safety glasses.
Avoid generating dust and avoid inhalation of fine powder.
Use good hygiene practices in food, feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic environments.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust or general ventilation where dust may be generated.
Maintain good airflow during charging and mixing operations.
Minimize airborne particulate accumulation in enclosed areas.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.
Protect from moisture to prevent caking and to maintain flowability.
Keep containers properly labeled and protected from contamination.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Avoid dust generation and sweep or vacuum using equipment designed for fine powders.
Place collected material into suitable containers for disposal according to local regulations.
Clean the area with wet wiping if needed to reduce dust dispersion.

Handling Precautions:
Use FIFO stock rotation to maintain consistent quality and potency.
Control humidity in storage areas to reduce clumping and improve handling.
Verify the correct grade and specification for food, feed, or pharmaceutical use before application.