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m-Benzenediamine, also known as m-Phenylenediamine (MPDA) or 1,3-Benzenediamine, is an aromatic diamine widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of epoxy curing agents, high-performance polymers, dyes, pigments, rubber chemicals, and specialty chemicals.
m-Benzenediamine is recognized for its excellent reactivity with epoxy resins and its contribution to the thermal and mechanical performance of cured materials.
CAS No.108-45-2
Chemical Name:m-Phenylenediamine
CBNumber:CB7852752
Molecular Formula:C6H8N2
Molecular Weight:108.14
MDL Number:MFCD00007799
MOL File:108-45-2.mol
Synonyms : MPDA, benzene-1,3-diamine, META PHENYLENE DIAMINE, 1,3-PHENYLENEDIAMINE, diaminobenzene, 1,3-BENZENEDIAMINE, 1,3-DIAMINOBENZENE, benzenediamine, Developer C, m-Diaminobenzene
Properties
Melting Point: 64–66 °C
Boiling Point: 282–284 °C
Density: 1.139 g/cm³
Bulk Density: 600 kg/m³
Vapor Density: 3.7 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: 0.62 mm Hg (100 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.6339
Flash Point: >230 °F
Storage Temperature: Store below +30 °C
Solubility: 350 g/L
Form: Pellets
pKa: 5.11, 2.50 (at 20 °C)
Color: Yellow to light tan or brown gray
pH: 8 (100 g/L, H₂O, 20 °C)
Water Solubility: 350 g/L (25 °C)
Specific Heat Capacity: Cp (crystal): 1.48 J/(g·K) at 25 °C
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
Merck: 14,7283
BRN: 471357
Henry's Law Constant: 7.9 × 10³ mol/(m³·Pa) at 25 °C (Duchowicz et al., 2020)
InChI: 1S/C6H8N2/c7-5-2-1-3-6(8)4-5/h1-4H,7-8H2
InChIKey: WZCQRUWWHSTZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical and Physical Properties
Formula / Molecular Weight: C₆H₈N₂ / 108.14 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to white crystalline solid that turns red, brown, or purple upon air exposure due to oxidation.
Reactivity: Acts as a weak base; reacts exothermically with acids, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.
Solubility: Soluble in water and common polar organic solvents.
Chemical and Physical Properties
Formula / Molecular Weight: C₆H₈N₂ / 108.14 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to white crystalline solid that turns red, brown, or purple upon air exposure due to oxidation.
Reactivity: Acts as a weak base; reacts exothermically with acids, acid chlorides, and acid anhydrides.
Solubility: Soluble in water and common polar organic solvents.
General Description
Colorless or white colored needles that turn red or purple in air.
Melting point 64-66 C.
Density 1.14 g / cm3.
Flash point 280 F. May irritate skin and eyes.
Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion. Used in aramid fiber manufacture, as a polymer additive, dye manufacturing, as a laboratory reagent, and in photography.
Uses
m-Benzenediamine is used in the foaming-type hair dye composition.
The appearance of the high purity of the m-phenylenediamine is snow white flake solid used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent.
m-Phenylenediamine is used in the foaming-type hair dye composition.
m-Benzenediamine is used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent.
m-Benzenediamine is used also block polymers, textile fibers, urethanes, petroleum additives, rubber chemicals, in corrosion inhibitors, in photography, as reagent for gold & bromine.
Uses
The appearance of the high purity of the m-phenylenediamine is snow white flake solid used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent.
m-Benzenediamine is used in the foaming-type hair dye composition.
m-Benzenediamine is used as a synthetic electronic grade polyimide material and epoxy resin curing agent.
m-Benzenediamine is used also block polymers, textile fibers, urethanes, petroleum additives, rubber chemicals, in corrosion inhibitors, in photography, as reagent for gold & bromine.
Common Uses
Dyes and Pigments: Used as an intermediate to manufacture azo and other textile, leather, and fiber dyes.
Polymers: Serves as a building block for synthetic electronic-grade polyimides and aramid fibers.
Resins: Acts as a curing agent for epoxy resins and a component in rubber chemicals or corrosion inhibitors.
Key Characteristics
Highly reactive aromatic diamine.
Excellent curing agent for epoxy resin systems.
Provides high thermal stability and mechanical strength.
Offers good chemical and solvent resistance after curing.
Suitable for high-performance adhesive and composite formulations.
Can undergo oxidation upon prolonged exposure to air.
Industrial Applications
Epoxy resin curing agents.
High-performance coatings.
Structural adhesives.
Composite materials.
Polyamide and polyurethane intermediates.
Dye and pigment manufacturing.
Rubber processing chemicals.
Corrosion-resistant industrial flooring.
Specialty chemical synthesis.
Laboratory reagent.
Advantages
Fast and efficient curing performance.
High glass transition temperature (Tg) in epoxy systems.
Excellent adhesion to metals and composite substrates.
Superior mechanical and chemical resistance.
Suitable for demanding industrial applications.
Safety Information
Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Causes serious eye irritation and skin irritation.
May cause allergic skin reactions.
Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
Handle with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
Store in tightly closed containers away from moisture, oxidizing agents, and direct sunlight.
Use in well-ventilated working areas.
Typical End Uses
Epoxy resin systems
Industrial coatings
Structural adhesives
Composite materials
Electrical laminates
Corrosion-resistant linings
Dye intermediates
Rubber additives
Engineering plastics
Specialty chemical manufacturing
Storage Recommendations
m-Benzenediamine should be stored in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area below 30 °C.
Protect the material from moisture, air, heat, and strong oxidizing agents, as prolonged exposure may lead to discoloration and oxidation.
Proper storage conditions help maintain product stability and performance.
Definition
ChEBI: m-Benzenediamine is a phenylenediamine taht is benzene substituted at positions 1 and 3 with amino functions.
General Description
Colorless or white colored needles that turn red or purple in air.
Melting point 64-66 C. Density 1.14 g / cm3. Flash point 280 F. May irritate skin and eyes.
Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion.
Used in aramid fiber manufacture, as a polymer additive, dye manufacturing, as a laboratory reagent, and in photography.
Air & Water Reactions
Soluble in water [Merck].
Reactivity Profile
m-Phenylenediamine an aromatic amine, neutralizes acids, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides and chloroformates in exothermic reactions to form salts.
May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents .
Fire Hazard
m-Phenylenediamine is combustible.
Dust may form explosive mixtures in air
Safety Profile
Suspected carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic and teratogenic data.
Poison by ingestion, intravenous, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes.
Mildly toxic by skin contact. Mutation data reported.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
A hair dye ingredtent.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
See also other phenylenediamine entries and AMINES.
Potential Exposure
Used in making various dyes; as a curing agent for epoxy resin; rubber, textile fibers; urethanes, corrosion inhibitors; adhesives; in photographic and analytical procedures and processes.
Carcinogenicity
"Occupational exposure to m-PDA may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplace where m-PDA is produced or used.
The general population may be exposed to m-PDA via dermal contact with consumer products containing this compound.
"An IARC Working Group concluded, on the basis of lack of human data and inadequate animal data, that m-PDA was not classifiable (Group 3) as to its carcinogenicity to humans.
Metabolic pathway
By the perfused rat liver, 1,3-diaminobenzene (MPD) is metabolized to three identified N-acetylated derivatives N-acetyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, N,N'- diacetyl-1,3-diaminobenzene, and N,N'-diacetyl-2,4- diaminophenol which are identical to the metabolites excreted in rat urine.
Shipping
UN1673 Phenylenediamines (o-, m-, p-), Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Incompatibilities
Dust may form explosive mixture with air.
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, acid chlorides; acid anhydrides; chloroformates.
Heat and light contribute to instability.
Keep away from metals.
