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EC / List no.: 200-677-4
CAS no.: 68-11-1
Mol. formula: C2H4O2S
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is often called Thioglycolic acid (TGA).
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and carboxylic acid functional groups.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a colorless liquid with a strongly unpleasant odor.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is miscible with polar organic solvents.
Uses
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm."
Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation as is done commonly in leather processing.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
In fact thioglycolysis reactions used on condensed tannins to study their structure.
Organotin derivatives of thioglycolic acid isooctyl esters are widely used as stabilizers for PVC.
These species have the formula R2Sn(SCH2CO2C8H17)2.
Applying MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can soften nails and then fix pincer nails in the correct position.
Sodium thioglycolate is a component of a special bacterial growth media: thioglycolate broth.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also used in so-called "fallout remover" or "wheel cleaner" to remove iron oxide residue from wheels.
Ferrous iron combines with thioglycolate to form red-violet ferric thioglycolate.
Production
Thioglycolic acid is prepared by reaction of sodium or potassium chloracetate with alkali metal hydrosulfide in aqueous medium.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can be also prepared via the Bunte salt obtained by reaction of sodium thiosulfate with chloroacetic acid:
ClCH2CO2H + Na2S2O3 → Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + NaCl
Na[O3S2CH2CO2H] + H2O → HSCH2CO2H + NaHSO4
Reactions With metal ions
Thioglycolic acid, usually as its dianion, forms complexes with metal ions.
Such complexes have been used for the detection of iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin.
Thioglycolic acid reacts with diethyl acetylmalonate to form acetylmercaptoacetic acid and diethyl malonate, the reducing agent in conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II).
Thioglycolic acid appears as a colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor. Density 1.325 g / cm3. Used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
A colorless liquid with an unpleasant odor.
Density 1.325 g / cm3.
Used to make permanent wave solutions and depilatories.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is the organic compound HSCH2CO2H .
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) contains both a thiol (mercaptan) and a carboxylic acid. MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a clear liquid with a strong unpleasant odor. MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is readily oxidized by air to the corresponding disulfide [SCH2CO2H]2.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) was developed in the 1940s for use as a chemical depilatory and is still used as such, especially in salt forms, including calcium thioglycolate and sodium thioglycolate.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is the precursor to ammonium thioglycolate that is used for permanents.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) and its derivatives break the disulfide bonds in the cortex of hair.
One reforms these broken bonds in giving hair a "perm."
Alternatively and more commonly, the process leads to depilation as is done commonly in leather processing.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also used as an acidity indicator, manufacturing of thioglycolates, and in bacteriology for preparation of thioglycolate media.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also used in the making of tin stabilizers often used in certain polyvinyl chloride products (such as vinyl siding).
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ), usually as its dianion, forms complexes with metal ions.
Such complexes have been used for the detection of iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin.
Thioglycolic acid is used as nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions used on condensed tannins to study their structure.
Chemical Properties
Thioglycolic acid is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor like rotten eggs.
Also known as Thioglycolic acıd (TGA) , HSCH2COOH is a colorless liquid with a strong unpleasant odor.
Used as a reagent for metals such as iron, molybdenum, silver, and tin,and in bacteriology.
Uses:
Thioglycolic Acid is an organic compound containing both a thiol and a carboxylic acid.
Thioglycolic Acid is a precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, a chemical used for permanents.
Thioglycolic Acid is used in organic synthesis as a nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions and is used as a S transfer agent for sulfonyl chloride synthesis.
Sensitive reagent for iron, molybdenum, silver, tin.
With ferric iron a blue color appears, and when an alkali hydroxide is added to a solution contg ferrous salts and thioglycolic acid, a yellow precipitate forms. Used in the manufacture of thioglycolates.
The ammonium and sodium salts are commonly used for cold waving and the calcium salt is a depilatory.
The sodium salt also is used in bacteriology in the preparation of thioglycolate media.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as a reagent formetals analysis; in the manufacture of thioglycolates, pharmaceuticals, and permanentwave solutions; and as a vinyl stabilizer.
for the production of thioglycolate and salt products. Its esters can be used as a stabilizer for halogenated polyolefin, alkali metal salts can be used as fur depilatory agents, ammonium salts can be prepared for cold scalding, and other salts (such as iron salts, etc.) also have many uses.
Thioglycolic acid can also be used as a sensitive solvent for iron, molybdenum, aluminum, tin, and the like.
Industry Uses
- Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
- Intermediates
- PVC heat stabilizer
- Solids separation agents
Consumer Uses
- Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is an intermediate in the production of thiomethoprol (caputril), biotin, thiozinc acid, sodium dithiosuccinate and other pharmaceuticals, and is also an intermediate in the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, and industrial disinfectant.
And an important raw material for the synthesis of sulfuric acid.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as antioxidant and stabilizer in pharmaceuticals to enhance the stability of the main drug and prolong the validity period of pharmaceutical preparations.
Ammonium and sodium salts of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) are mainly used as curling agents, calcium salts can be used as depilatory agents, polymerization initiators, accelerators and chain transfer agents, and can be used for hair removal before cosmetic surgery and animal experiments.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used to make epoxy resin, catalyst of bisphenol A, and it can also be used as the basic raw material for synthesizing PVC transparent plastic and organic antimony and organic tin heat stabilizer.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a sensitive reagent for the determination of iron, molybdenum, aluminum, tin, etc., and is an inhibitor of copper sulfide and iron sulfide minerals in beneficiation.
In the petrochemical industry and the railway sector, it is used for cleaning and derusting of equipment and rails.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can be used as a crystallization nucleating agent in polypropylene processing and molding, as a modifier for coatings and fibers, as a blanket quickening agent, as a stabilizer raw material for polyvinyl chloride and rubber, as a cold perm agent, and as a pharmaceutical intermediate.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as a color developer for the photometric determination of molybdenum, rhenium and iron, and as a compounding masking agent.
Methods of Manufacturing
Industrially, MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is produced from chloroacetic acid or its salts and sodium or potassium hydrogen sulfide.
Thiodiglycolic acid, dithiodiglycolic acid, and glycolic acid may be formed as side products.
The MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is isolated from the acidified reaction mixture by extraction with organic solvents (ethers, alcohols, or chlorinated hydrocarbons) and purified by distillation.
Both batch and continuous processes have been described in the patent literature as well as processes that operate under a partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide.
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
- All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
- Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
- Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
- Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Preparation Method
sodium hydrosulfide and chloroacetic acid were prepared under the action of hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen.
chloroacetic acid sodium thiosulfate and sodium hydroxide synthesis, and then by acid hydrolysis, extraction, distillation to get the finished product.
chloroacetic acid is obtained by reacting with thiourea and barium hydroxide, followed by acid hydrolysis.
Production method
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is obtained by the reaction of organic or inorganic sulfur compounds with sodium and potassium salts of monochloroacetic acid.
For example, monochloroacetic acid reacts with sodium sulfide and sulfur to form dithiodiacetic acid, which is then reduced with zinc and acid, or thiocarbamate reacts with monochloroacetic acid, and its product is obtained by hydrolysis, monochloroacetic acid reacts with thiourea to generate isothiourea acetic acid, then barium hydroxide is used to convert the precipitation, and then sulfuric acid is acidified to make a MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ).
is an intermediate for the production of thioprene (captoli), biotin, thiocinic acid, sodium dithiosuccinate and other pharmaceuticals. MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also an important raw material for the synthesis of cysteine, hormonal agent, industrial disinfectant and sulfuric acid.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is not only used as an intermediate of cefvroxil (Cefivitril), but also widely used as a curator, depilating agent, PVC low-toxic or non-toxic stabilizer, metal surface treatment agent and polymerization initiator, accelerator and chain transfer agent.
sensitive reagents for iron, molybdenum, silver and tin. Its ammonium salt and sodium salt are used as cold perm for curling hair, and calcium salt is depilating agent
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a colorless liquid with a strong, typical mercaptan disagreeable odor (although olfactory fatigue may occur) which is used in cosmetic formulations including permanent wave solutions and depilatories, in pharmaceutical manufacture, and as a stabilizer for vinyl plastics.
A recent use is as a capping or stabilizing agent for Cd/Te quantum microdots (QDs).
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a member of the thioglycolate chemical class.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a reactive reducing agent:
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is readily oxidized on exposure to air.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also a weak acid due to the presence of a carboxylic acid function in the molecule.
Because of its high reactivity, it is incompatible with air, strong oxidizers, bases, active metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium (for examples).
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is considered to be a Class IIIB Combustible Liquid, therefore, it is not considered to be flammable.
A wide range of Industrial applications
Cosmetics
The salts of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) and also some of its esters are used in the formulation of perms and for the preparation of depilatory creams.
In these applications, the main salts are ammonium thioglycolate and potassium thioglycolate.
In some areas, glycerol monothioglycolate is also used.
Oil and Gas
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in several areas of the Oil and Gas industry:
As a reducing and chelating agent to limit Fe3+ precipitation during well drilling or stimulation.
For the oil refining, MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) mercaptides act as passivating agents during the catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons to limit the contamination of metal catalysts (Ni, V, etc.)
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also used as an additive in corrosion inhibiting formulations to protect the equipment.
Corrosion inhibitors are injected either continuously into the fluid stream or into a producing well.
Polymerization
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is a very effective chain transfer agent for emulsion polymerizations in aqueous media, in particular for acrylic acid and acrylates. The total miscibility of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) with water is a benefit in this application.
Fine chemicals
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as reagent for the preparation of different chemicals such as pesticides, herbicide, or for some polythiols and thio-esters.
Leather processing
Alkaline sodium thioglycolate is used for the removal of hair during the beamhouse step in the industry of the leather hides’ treatment. MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) allows the manufacturers to obtain a more resource-efficient and less polluting process as compared to the more toxic and harmful sodium hydrosulfide.
Indeed, it minimizes the wastewater treatment and reduces the risk of hydrogen sulfide generation therefore improving the working conditions and safety.
Cleaning formulations
Due to their ability to complex with metals, MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) and thioglycolic acid salts are excellent additives in cleaning solutions, in particular for automotive applications including automotive wheel rim cleaners.
Mining & Metal treatment
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) and its derivatives are also used as depressant agents in flotation processes for separating valuable metals from ores in mining operations.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) derivatives are a safer alternative to the more traditional sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), particularly in mining environments.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is also an additive for coating formulations for metal surface cleaning and protection from corrosion and other damages.
Formula C2H4O2S
Formula Weight 92.11
Melting point -12°
Boiling Point 220°
Flash Point 119°(246°F)
Density: 1.295
Refractive Index: .5045
Storage & Sensitivity: Air Sensitive. Ambient temperatures.
Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, ethers, ketones, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Slightly miscible with chloroform.
Applications
Reagent that protects tryptophan in amino acid analysis.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used as a protecting agent for tryptophan in amino acid analysis and an acidity indicator.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) finds application as an intermediate in the chemical reactions such as addition, elimination and cyclization.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) acts as a precursor to ammonium thioglycolate, sodium thioglycolate and calcium thioglycolate.
Its organotin derivatives are used as stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
In organic synthesis, it acts as a nucleophile in thioglycolysis reactions and sulfur transfer agent for sulfonyl chloride synthesis. Further, it is used in leather processing.
About MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid )
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
Formulation or re-packing
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following products: leather treatment products and cosmetics and personal care products.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following products: oil and gas exploration or production products.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used in the following areas: mining and scientific research and development.
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Manufacture
Release to the environment of MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid ) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
IUPAC NAMES:
2-Sulfanylacetic acid
2-sulfanylacetic acid
Mercaptoacetic acid
mercaptoacetic acid
sulfanylacetic acid
Thioglycolic Acid
Thioglycolic acid
thioglycolic acid
thioglycolic acid
Thioglycolic acid TGA, mercaptoacetic acid
THIOGLYKOLSAEURE
SYNONYMS:
2-MERCAPTOACETIC ACID
2-mercaptoacetate
2-Thioglycolic acid
2-thio-glycolicaci
2-thioglycolicacid
Aceticacid,mercapto-
Acide thioglycolique
acidethioglycolique
acidethioglycolique(french)
alpha-Mercaptoacetic acid
thioglycolic
thio-glycolicaci
Thiovanic acid
thiovanicacid
USAF cb-35
usafcb-35
Thiovanie acid
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID
THIOGLYCOLLIC ACID
Thioglyeollic acid
TGA
TRIGLYCOLIC ACID
Thioglycolic acid solution,Mercaptoacetic acid
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID REAGENT, (Mercaptoacetic Acid)
MERCAPTOACETIC ACID
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID GR FOR ANALYSIS
Mercaptoacetic acid, 98% 250ML
MAA ( Mercaptoacetic Acid )
Acetic acid,2-Mercapto-
Thioglycolic acid >=99%
Thioglycolic acid >=98%
Benzene Ramification
Mercaptoacetic acid TGA
ic acid soL
Thiog
Hydrophobic base acetic acid
alpha-mercaptoaceticacid
Glycolic acid, 2-thio-
Glycolic acid, thio-
glycolicacid,2-thio-
Kyselina merkaptooctova
Kyselina thioglykolova
kyselinamerkaptooctova
kyselinathioglykolova
Mercaptoacetate
mercaptoacetic
mercapto-aceticaci
Sulfanylacetic acid
Thioglycolate
thioglycolic acid free acid
Thioglycolic acid solution
Thioglypollic Acid
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID 80 % EXTRA PURE
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID 80%, A PRODUCT FROM EL F ATOCHEM (TGA 80%)
MERCAPTOESSIGSAEURE 99+%, EIN PRODUKT VO
THIOGLYCOLIC ACID SOLUTION, 80% IN WATER
MERCAPTOACETIC ACID, 99+% (TGA99) (WORLD
MERCAPTOACETIC ACID, SOLUTION EXTRA PURE 80+%
