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CAS number 10034-99-8
EC number 231-298-2
Chemical formula MgSO₄ * 7 H₂O
Molar Mass 246.5 g/mol
Magnesium sulfate is a naturally occurring mineral used to control low blood levels of magnesium.
Magnesium sulfate injection is also used for pediatric acute nephritis and to prevent seizures in severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, or toxemia of pregnancy.
Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO4, consisting of magnesium cations Mg2+ (20.19% by mass) and sulfate anions SO2−4.
Magnesium sulfate is a white crystalline solid, soluble in water but not in ethanol.
Magnesium sulfate is usually encountered in the form of a hydrate MgSO4·nH2O, for various values of n between 1 and 11.
The most common is the heptahydrate MgSO4·7H2O, known as Epsom salt, which is a household chemical with many traditional uses, including bath salts.
The main use of magnesium sulfate is in agriculture, to correct soils deficient in magnesium.
The monohydrate is favored for this use; by the mid 1970s, its production was 2.3 million tons per year.
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous form and several hydrates occur in nature as minerals, and the salt is a significant component of the water from some springs.
Natural occurrence:
As Mg2+ and SO2−4 ions are respectively the second cation and the second anion present in seawater after Na+ and Cl−, magnesium sulfates are common minerals in geological environments.
Magnesium sulfate occurrence is mostly connected with supergene processes.
Some of them are also important constituents of evaporitic potassium-magnesium (K-Mg) salts deposits.
Bright spots observed by the Dawn Spacecraft in Occator Crater on the dwarf planet Ceres are most consistent with reflected light from magnesium sulfate hexahydrate.
Almost all known mineralogical forms of MgSO4 are hydrates.
Epsomite is the natural analogue of "Epsom salt".
Meridianiite, MgSO4·11H2O, has been observed on the surface of frozen lakes and is thought to also occur on Mars.
Hexahydrite is the next lower hydrate.
Preparation:
Magnesium sulfate is usually obtained directly from dry lake beds and other natural sources.
Magnesium sulfate can also be prepared by reacting magnesite (magnesium carbonate, MgCO3) or magnesia (oxide, MgO) with sulfuric acid.
Another possible method is to treat seawater or magnesium-containing industrial wastes so as to precipitate magnesium hydroxide and react the precipitate with sulfuric acid.
Also, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is manufactured by dissolution of magnesium sulfate monohydrate in water and subsequent crystallization of the heptahydrate.
Physical properties:
Magnesium sulfate relaxation is the primary mechanism that causes the absorption of sound in seawater at frequencies above 10 kHz.
Lower frequencies are less absorbed by the salt, so that low frequency sound travels farther in the ocean.
Boric acid and magnesium carbonate also contribute to absorption.
Uses:
Medical
Main article: Magnesium sulfate (medical use) Magnesium sulfate is used both externally (as Epsom salt) and internally.
The main external use is the formulation as bath salts, especially for foot baths to soothe sore feet.
Such baths have been claimed to also soothe and hasten recovery from muscle pain, soreness, or injury.
Potential health effects of magnesium sulfate are reflected in medical studies on the impact of magnesium on resistant depression and as an analgesic for migraine and chronic pain.
Magnesium sulfate has been studied in the treatment of asthma, preeclampsia and eclampsia.
Magnesium sulfate is the usual component of the concentrated salt solution used in isolation tanks to increase its specific gravity to approximately 1.25–1.26.
This high density allows an individual to float effortlessly on the surface of water in the closed tank, eliminating as many of the external senses as possible.
Internally, magnesium sulfate may be administered by oral, respiratory, or intravenous routes.
Internal uses include replacement therapy for magnesium deficiency, treatment of acute and severe arrhythmias,as a bronchodilator in the treatment of asthma,preventing eclampsia, a tocolytic agent, and as an anticonvulsant.
Agriculture
In agriculture, magnesium sulfate is used to increase magnesium or sulfur content in soil.
Magnesium sulfate is most commonly applied to potted plants, or to magnesium-hungry crops such as potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, peppers, lemons, and roses.
The advantage of magnesium sulfate over other magnesium soil amendments is its high solubility, which also allows the option of foliar feeding.
Solutions of magnesium sulfate are also nearly pH neutral, compared with the slightly alkaline salts of magnesium as found in limestone; therefore, the use of magnesium sulfate as a magnesium source for soil does not significantly change the soil pH.
Contrary to the popular belief that magnesium sulfate is able to control pests and slugs, helps seeds germination, produce more flowers, improve nutrient uptake, and is environmentally friendly, it does none of the purported claims except for correcting magnesium deficiency in soils.
Magnesium sulfate can even pollute water if used in excessive amounts.
Magnesium sulfate was historically used as a treatment for lead poisoning prior to the development of chelation therapy, as it was hoped that any lead ingested would be precipitated out by the magnesium sulfate and subsequently purged from the digestive system.
This application saw particularly widespread use among veterinarians during the early-to-mid 20th century; Epsom salt was already available on many farms for agricultural use, and it was often prescribed in the treatment of farm animals that inadvertently ingested lead.
Food preparation:
Magnesium sulfate is used as
Brewing salt in making beer.
coagulant for making tofu.
Salt substitute.
Chemistry
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate is commonly used as a desiccant in organic synthesis owing to its affinity for water and compatibility with most organic compounds.
During work-up, an organic phase is treated with anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
The hydrated solid is then removed by filtration, decantation, or by distillation (if the boiling point is low enough).
Other inorganic sulfate salts such as sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate may be used in the same way.
Construction
Magnesium sulfate is used to prepare specific cements by the reaction between magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate solution, which are of good binding ability and more resistance than Portland cement.
This cement is mainly adopted in the production of lightweight insulation panels.
Weakness in water resistance limits its usage.
Magnesium (or sodium) sulfate is also used for testing aggregates for soundness in accordance with ASTM C88 standard, when there are no service records of the material exposed to actual weathering conditions.
The test is accomplished by repeated immersion in saturated solutions followed by oven drying to dehydrate the salt precipitated in permeable pore spaces.
The internal expansive force, derived from the rehydration of the salt upon re-immersion, simulates the expansion of water on freezing.
Magnesium sulfate is also used to test the resistance of concrete to external sulfate attack (ESA).
Aquaria
Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is also used to maintain the magnesium concentration in marine aquaria which contain large amounts of stony corals, as it is slowly depleted in their calcification process.
In a magnesium-deficient marine aquarium, calcium and alkalinity concentrations are very difficult to control because not enough magnesium is present to stabilize these ions in the saltwater and prevent their spontaneous precipitation into calcium carbonate.
Double salts
Double salts containing magnesium sulfate exist.
There are several known as sodium magnesium sulfates and potassium magnesium sulfates.
A mixed copper-magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (Mg,Cu)SO4·7H2O was recently found to occur in mine tailings and has been given the mineral name alpersite.
Magnesium sulfate is a magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.
Magnesium sulfate has a role as an anticonvulsant, a cardiovascular drug, a calcium channel blocker, an anaesthetic, a tocolytic agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an analgesic and a fertilizer.
It is a magnesium salt and a metal sulfate.
Magnesium sulfate causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells.
Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions.
Magnesium is a naturally occurring mineral that is important for many systems in the body especially the muscles and nerves.
Magnesium sulfate also increases water in the intestines.
Magnesium sulfate is used as a laxative to relieve occasional constipation.
Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) can also be added to a bath for use as a soaking solution to help relieve minor sprains and bruises.
Not all external uses for magnesium sulfate have been approved by the FDA.
Epsom salt should not be used in place of medication prescribed for you by your doctor.
Magnesium sulfate may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Magnesium sulfate medication is a mineral supplement used to prevent and treat low amounts of magnesium in the blood.
Some brands are also used to treat symptoms of too much stomach acid such as stomach upset, heartburn, and acid indigestion.
Magnesium is very important for the normal functioning of cells, nerves, muscles, bones, and the heart.
Usually, a well-balanced diet provides normal blood levels of magnesium.
However, certain situations cause your body to lose magnesium faster than you can replace it from your diet.
Magnesium sulfate situations include treatment with "water pills", a poor diet, alcoholism, or other medical conditions.
Magnesium sulfate is a small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
Magnesium sulfate causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells.
Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions.
Magnesium is the second most plentiful cation of the intracellular fluids.
Magnesium sulfate is essential for the activity of many enzyme systems and plays an important role with regard to neurochemical transmission and muscular excitability.
Magnesium sulfate reduces striated muscle contractions and blocks peripheral neuromuscular transmission by reducing acetylcholine release at the myoneural junction.
Additionally, Magnesium inhibits Ca2+ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-dependent channels.
This accounts for much of its relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle.
Magnesium sulfate, sold as Epsom salt, is a mineral compound that’s used for different health and medical purposes.
Magnesium sulfate taken orally for occasional constipation, and it’s also used as a soaking solution to help relieve pain caused by soreness, muscle aches, sprains, bruises, or other ailments.
Magnesium is a mineral that your body needs to function properly. There are many formulations of magnesium supplements available.
Oral magnesium sulfate is believed to help with constipation by increasing water in the intestines.
This product is sold over the counter (OTC), but other formulations of magnesium sulfate are available by prescription only for specific medical and emergency situations.
Magnesium sulfate a good idea to talk to your doctor or a nutritionist before taking magnesium sulfate, especially orally, or if you’re using it for long periods.
Intermittent use of Epsom salt in baths (external use) at home is generally believed to be safe.
Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most common causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low and middle income countries.
Magnesium sulfate is the drug of choice for prevention of seizures as part of comprehensive management of the disease.
Despite the compelling evidence for the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate, concern has been expressed about its safety and potential for toxicity, particularly among providers in low- and middle-income countries.
Magnesium sulfate is used for short-term relief of constipation.
Magnesium sulfate is also used as a soaking solution to relieve minor sprains, bruises, muscle aches or discomfort, joint stiffness or soreness, and tired feet.
Magnesium sulfate, popularly known as English salt, has nothing to do with salt.
Magnesium sulphate is in the form of a white transparent powder and dissolves when placed in water.
Magnesium sulfate has a tart and bitter taste.
Magnesium sulfate is very similar in structure to the salt used in kitchens.
75% of the population cannot provide the recommended amount of magnesium intake.
In such cases, magnesium should be taken as an external supplement for a quality life.
Magnesium sulfate is good for indigestion.
Magnesium sulfate also has a germ-breaking antibacterial effect.
Magnesium sulfate can be used for skin care.
Magnesium sulphate can be used for a natural peeling in addition to its skin firming and moisturizing properties.
Magnesium sulfate has a regulating effect on bile secretion.
Magnesium sulfate can be used as an alternative treatment against liver diseases that may occur due to bile secretion.
Adding half a teaspoon of magnesium sulfate to 1 liter of water is beneficial against liver ailments when drunk.
When the amount used is increased, it can cause diarrhea.
In order to benefit from its laxative effect, it must be completely dissolved in the added water.
Magnesium sulfate can be used for constipation problems for children.
Magnesium sulphate should be mixed with fruit juices when the taste may be bitter to children, and if it is to be used in children, the amount used should not exceed 10 grams.
Epsom salt is an ingredient used in a soak to treat minor aches and pains.
Magnesium sulfate thought to soothe tired muscles and reduce swelling.
As a medication administered intravenously, it can stave off premature birth and alleviate seizures caused by several conditions, including magnesium deficiency, preeclampsia, and eclampsia.
The most popular use for Epsom salt is in baths.
While there isn’t strong, scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness, many people say they feel relief for multiple symptoms by soaking in an Epsom salt bath.
Epsom salts dissolve in water.
Enthusiasts believe this allows magnesium and sulfates to be readily absorbed into skin.
Whether this is sufficient for various treatments or not, Epsom salt is considered safe.
Magnesium sulfate also easy to use, easy to find, and inexpensive.
Many Epsom salt advocates believe the amount of magnesium able to enter the body through the skin is sufficient for reducing swelling and relieving aches.
Magnesium sulfate thought that Epsom salts are effective for soothing skin and reducing irritation and itching.
Epsom salt’s chemical name is magnesium sulfate.
One story about magnesium sulfate’s takes place in the Epsom region of England.
During a drought in 1618, a local cow herder named Henry Wicker bent down to drink from a pool of water in Epsom Common.
He found the water acidic and bitter.
As the water evaporated, Wicker noticed white residue left behind and realized after drinking the water that it had a laxative effect.
Epsom’s salts became a sought-after cure for constipation for hundreds of years following this happenstance discovery.
In 1755, a British chemist and physicist named Joseph Black conducted experiments on the chemical properties of magnesium sulfate.
He proposed that magnesium be classified as an element.
Magnesium is essential for every life form on the planet.
In the human body, it’s necessary for muscle and nerve function and maintaining a healthy immune system.
Magnesium sulfate needed to maintain a regular heartbeat, sufficient blood glucose, and strong bones.
Epsom salt baths can be relaxing and soothing.
Magnesium sulfate benefits of a soak in Epsom salt-treated water have not been proven scientifically yet, but many people swear by this folk remedy.
There’s very little downside to using Epsom salts in a bath.
Baths in general can be meditative and are a great way to take a break from daily stressors.
Epsom salt may help your bath become even more relaxing by soothing tired muscles and easing stress.
Magnesium sulfate injection is suitable for replacement therapy in magnesium deficiency, especially in acute hypomagnesemia accompanied by signs of tetany similar to those observed in hypocalcemia.
Magnesium sulfate injection is also indicated for the prevention and control of seizures in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, respectively.
Magnesium sulfate is a sterile solution of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in water for injection.
Magnesium sulfate prevents convulsions by blocking transmission between nerves and muscles.
Magnesium sulfate also reduces the amount of t acetylcholine, a chemical that nerves use for communicating with other nerves and tissues.
The compound magnesium sulfate (anhydrous) contains magnesium, sulfur, and oxygen, MgSO4.
Magnesium sulfate also occurs in hydrated forms (MgSO4xH2O), including monohydrate and heptahydrate.
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate and heptahydrate forms contain one and seven H2O molecules, respectively.
Magnesium sulfate is considered ionic because a metal (magnesium) and a non-metal (sulfate) are bonded.
Within the sulfate molecule, there is a covalent bond between the sulfur and oxygen atoms.
Magnesium sulfate is an odorless solid that is generally found as needle-like colorless crystals or as a white crystalline powder.
Magnesium sulfate substance is considered very soluble in boiling water.
Different forms of magnesium sulfate have different molecular weights and differ in their solubility in water.
Magnesium sulfate has a wide variety of uses in agriculture, food processing, personal care products, and medicine.
Magnesium sulfate agriculture, magnesium sulfate is added to soil to correct for magnesium deficiency.
Crops that heavily depend on magnesium-rich soil include potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, and roses.
Magnesium sulfate is also commonly added to potted plants.
The high solubility of magnesium sulfate makes it an ideal compound for adding magnesium to the soil.
Adding magnesium sulfate to the soil improves the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorous by crops.
Magnesium sulfate is added to livestock feed as a magnesium supplement when necessary.
If livestock are feeding on pastures with high potassium levels, which interfere with the uptake of magnesium by grasses, supplemental magnesium sulfate may be needed.
In food processing, magnesium sulfate is used as a flavor enhancer in bottled water and as a firming agent in soybean curd.
Magnesium sulfate also is used as a nutrient, primarily in salt-replacer products, dietary supplements, carbonated diet soft drink beverages, sports drinks, and enhanced (fortified) water beverages.
Magnesium sulfate is used as in fermentation and malting aid in beer, ale, and other malt beverages.
Magnesium sulfate has many human medicinal uses.
Injections of magnesium sulfate can be used as an anticonvulsant to control and prevent seizures in children suffering from acute nephritis.
Magnesium sulfate injections can help lower the blood pressure of pregnant females suffering from preeclampsia and prevent pre-term labor.
Asthma attacks can be treated with magnesium sulfate. When taken intravenously, it reduces the resistance within the airways and facilitates normal airflow.
Magnesium sulfate can act as a laxative when taken orally and is used to relieve constipation.
Epsom salt, a common form of magnesium sulfate, is easily dissolved in water and is used to relieve muscle aches and pains as well as to reduce itching and inflammation.
Magnesium sulfate is commonly added to bath water and used by individuals suffering from joint pain.
Magnesium sulfate also has a number of veterinary uses.
Magnesium sulfate acts as an anticonvulsant, laxative, bronchodilator, electrolyte replacement aid with hypomagnesaemia, and may be used to treat cardiac arrhythmias.
Specifically in swine, magnesium sulfate is administered to treat malignant hypothermia.
Magnesium is vital in maintaining crop growth and yield.
Specifically, magnesium is critical in biochemical and physiological plant processes, including photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation, protein synthesis, chlorophyll formation, partitioning and utilization of photoassimilates, photophosphorylation, loading of sucrose in the phloem, photo-oxidation in leaf tissues, and the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Within the plant cell, light energy is converted to chemical energy by means of photosynthesis.
Magnesium sulfate areas of high light intensity, plants need a higher amount of magnesium in order to prevent deficiency, which presents itself through leaf damage.
High light intensity increases the generation of highly-reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts, which causes damage by inhibiting photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation.
Magnesium plays a role in a biochemical mechanism that some plant species use to reduce aluminum toxicity in acidic soils.
Magnesium sulfate sufficient level of magnesium is needed for the release of organic acid anions from roots to modify an aluminum-toxic root-zone soil.
Organic acid ions released from roots chelate toxic aluminum ions, forming aluminum-organic acid complexes that are no longer toxic to the plant.
Fertilizers composed of synthetic or non-materials that contain magnesium sulfate may be used as plant or soil amendments in organic crop production as long as the soil deficiency has been properly documented.
Magnesium sulfate is generally listed as the primary active ingredient in products used as a foliar feed or as a soil amendment, but is not usually the only ingredient in the product formulation.
Magnesium sulfate may be combined with amino acid chelates in products used for soil and foliar application.
Amino acid chelates are very useful in correcting nutrient deficiencies and are generally not phytotoxic.
Manufactured products that contain magnesium sulfate often contain other agricultural nutrients, such as nitrogen.
Nitrogen, which is generally derived from glycine, is an important soil nutrient.
When magnesium sulfate is applied to soil in its crystal form, the crystals can also be composed of chlorides, sodium salts, potassium salts, and lead salts.
Magnesium sulfate is commonly combined with other key soil nutrients in soil amendment products.
Historically, magnesium sulfate has had a wide variety of uses in construction, manufacturing/processing, personal care products, food processing, medicine, and agriculture, and many of these uses are summarized by Giles Chemical.
As a building material, magnesium sulfate has been used as a setting agent and an extender in various adhesive products, as a component of cement for roofing panels and wallboard, and as an ingredient in flame retardant coatings and brick.
In pulp and paper manufacturing, magnesium sulfate acts as a stabilizing agent for oxygen and peroxide bleaching as well as for dyes.
Magnesium sulfate precipitates heavy metals out of water during plating processes and acts as a coagulating agent in latex and rubber processing and a weighting agent in leather processing. In water treatment, magnesium sulfate removes heavy metals and acts as a water hardener.
In cosmetic hair products, magnesium sulfate acts as a hair wave neutralizer and as a product to increase hair density.
In laundry detergents, magnesium sulfate is used as an anti-caking agent, foam stabilizer, viscosity control agent, and as a source for synthetic magnesium water hardness.
Fermentation processes are aided by magnesium sulfate, which is a source of magnesium ion in yeast and antibiotic production. Magnesium sulfate is an enzyme stabilizer in breweries and in cheese and high-fructose corn production.
Magnesium sulfate has many human medicinal uses.
Injections of magnesium sulfate can be used as an anticonvulsant to control and prevent seizures in children suffering from acute nephritis.
Magnesium sulfate injections can also lower the blood pressure of pregnant females suffering from preeclampsia and prevent pre-term labor.
Asthma attacks can be treated with magnesium sulfate.
When taken intravenously, magnesium sulfate reduces the resistance within the airways and facilitates normal airflow.
Magnesium sulfate can act as a laxative when taken orally and is used to relieve constipation.
Epsom salt, a common form of magnesium sulfate, is an analgesic soaking agent.
Magnesium sulfate is easily dissolved in water and is used to relieve muscle aches and pains as well as reduce itching and inflammation.
Magnesium sulfate is commonly added to bath water and used by individuals suffering from joint pain.
Magnesium sulfate veterinary medicine, magnesium sulfate acts as an anticonvulsant, laxative, bronchodilator, electrolyte replacement aid with hypomagnesaemia, and has been used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
Specifically in swine, magnesium sulfate is administered to treat malignant hypothermia.
Epsom salts, a or source of magnesium sulfate, are also used in this way as fertilizers.
For plants, magnesium sulfate improves nitrogen and phosphorous uptake, helps seeds to germinate, increases chlorophyll production, and aids in the production of flowering.
Magnesium sulfate is added as a source of magnesium to livestock feed, particularly for cattle and sheep.
Supplemental magnesium is necessary when livestock are feeding on pastures with high potassium levels; high potassium interferes with the uptake of magnesium by grasses.
Magnesium sulfate, chemical formula MgO4S, and CAS No.7487-88-9, is an inorganic salt chemical compound containing magnesium, sulfur and oxygen.
Magnesium sulfate is often encountered as the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite MgSO4·7H2O, commonly called Epsom salt.
The small colorless crystalline powder is used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.
Magnesium sulfate causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells.
Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions.
The monohydrate, MgSO4·H2O is found as the mineral kieserite.
Magnesium sulfate overall global annual usage in the mid-1970s of the monohydrate was 2.3 million tons, of which the majority was used in agriculture.
Magnesium sulfates are common minerals in geological environments.
They mostly occur with supergene processes.
Some of them are also important constituents of evaporitic potassium-magnesium (K-Mg) salt deposits.
MgSO4 is an inorganic salt with a chemical name Magnesium sulfate. Magnesium sulfate is also known as Sulfuric acid magnesium salt or Magnesium sulfate anhydrous.
Magnesium sulfate is commonly referred to as Epsom salt.
Magnesium sulfate is a crystalline solid that has a white appearance and is odorless.
Magnesium sulfate is majorly used as a bath soak to get rid of sore muscles, to ease the pain of sprains and bruises, etc.
Magnesium sulfate also helps in the removal of splinters and is quite effective.
Magnesium sulfate is important to note that anhydrous magnesium sulfate undergoes decomposition at temperatures above 1124 degrees Celsius.
Since MgSO4 is an ionic salt, it exhibits high solubility in water.
Magnesium sulfate can also be noted that the solubility of magnesium sulfate in water increases when the temperature is increased.
For example, the solubility of anhydrous MgSO4 in water at a temperature of 0 oC is 269 grams per litre.
When the temperature is increased to 100 oC, the solubility of this ionic salt in water almost doubles to 502 grams per litre.
Magnesium sulfate is known to be a component of many double salts (ionic salts containing more than one cation or more than one anion). Commonly known double salts containing MgSO4 include potassium magnesium sulfates and sodium magnesium sulfates.
Under standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), MgSO4 exists as a white crystalline solid which does not have any characteristic odour.
The structure of a magnesium sulfate molecule is illustrated below.
Note that MgSO4 molecules contain one Mg2+ cation (the magnesium ion) and one SO42- anion (the sulfate anion).
An ionic bond is formed between the magnesium cation and the sulfate anion in magnesium sulfate.
Magnesium sulfate , the sulfate anion, there exist two sulphur-oxygen double bonds and two sulphur-oxygen single bonds.
The oxygen atoms that are singly bonded to the sulphur atom each hold a negative charge of magnitude -1.
Therefore, the total charge on the sulphate anion is -2.
The charge on the magnesium cation has a magnitude of +2.
Therefore, the positive and negative charges in this ionic compound cancel each other out, resulting in a neutrally charged magnesium sulphate molecule.
However, when this compound is dissolved in water and other polar solvents, the magnesium and the sulphate ions dissociate.
Uses of Magnesium Sulfate
Magnesium sulfate is used in agriculture to increase the magnesium and sulphur content in the soil.
Magnesium sulfate is used in making beer as a brewing salt.
Magnesium sulfate is used as a coagulant to make tofu.
Magnesium sulfate is used in organic synthesis as a desiccant.
Consumption of magnesium sulfate orally as osmotic purgative or saline laxative.
Medically it is used in IV (intravenously) to control seizures in pregnant women.
One of the most important applications of magnesium sulfate is in the preparation of intravenous magnesium, a vital medication for the treatment of eclampsia.
Magnesium sulfate is also used in replacement therapies for the treatment of magnesium deficiency.
Magnesium sulfate can also be noted that magnesium sulfate can be employed as a coagulating agent for the preparation of certain food items like tofu.
Is magnesium sulfate a compound or mixture?
Ans: Magnesium sulfate, MgSO4, is a colourless crystalline substance formed by the sulphur dioxide and air reaction of magnesium hydroxide.
Is magnesium sulfate soluble in alcohol?
Ans: Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate is a white, crystalline, or brilliant, usually needle-like crystals. It is readily soluble in water, in boiling water more easily soluble, and in alcohol virtually insoluble.
What is the hydrating formula for MgSO4?
Ans: To obtain the mole ratio, divide the moles of water by moles of anhydrate. 5 H2O/1 mole MgSO4 moles = 5:1. To write the equation, use the mole ratio. Because for every 1 mole of MgSO4 there are 5 moles of H2O, the formula is 5H2O MgSO4.
What is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate used for?
Ans: One of the main applications of magnesium sulfate is to be used as a fertilizer in farming and gardening. For bath salts, magnesium sulfate is used.
White crystalline salt, derived from natural raw materials, harmless to the environment.
Mainly used in agricultural and livestock industries.
Magnesium sulfate is the fourth most common mineral in the human body, behind calcium, sodium, and potassium.
After potassium, magnesium is the second most common intracellular cation within the human body and plays a key role in many enzymatic and cellular processes.
Magnesium sulfate is essential in the formation and utilization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which provides the needed energy for various intracellular processes.
Magnesium sulfate is also required for the synthesis of protein and nucleic acids, as well as several other mitochondrial reactions.
Additionally, magnesium is important in bone development as Magnesium sulfate is essential in osteogenesis as well as bone ossification.
Magnesium regulation is done primarily in the kidneys where Magnesium sulfate is reabsorbed and excreted.
Reabsorption of magnesium occurs in the thick ascending limb of the nephron, and this process is regulated by the parathyroid hormone.
In addition to being found in serum, over half of the total body magnesium is stored in the bone; it is also stored in muscle and soft tissues in reduced amounts.
Magnesium sulfate is clinically administered in the form of magnesium salts.
Of the various kinds, magnesium sulfate is the most commonly used for clinical reasons and may be administered either by oral or parenteral routes.
Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic chemical compound with the chemical formula MgSO4.
Magnesium sulfate is a white crystal with a bitter, saline taste.
Magnesium sulfate contains magnesium, sulfur and oxygen.
Magnesium sulfate is glycerol soluble and used in fireproofing, textiles, ceramics, cosmetics and fertilizers.
Magnesium sulfate is often encountered with Epsom salt, which is the heptahydrate sulfate mineral epsomite (MgSO47H2O).
Epsom salts are used as a bath salt and for isolation tanks.
Magnesium sulfate is an inorganic salt often encountered with Epsom salt.
Magnesium sulfate is a colorless crystalline solid that decomposes at 1124 °C (2055 °F).
During decomposition upon heating, it produces toxic and corrosive fumes including sulfur oxides.
Magnesium sulfate has various industrial uses:
Adsorbents and absorbents
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Bleaching agents
Fillers
Pigments
Processing aids
A precursor to other chemicals
Drying and flocculation applications
Catalyst preparation
Rubber coagulation
Refractory bonding agents in bricks and oxysulfate cements
Magnesium sulfate causes sulfate-induced hot corrosion.
After the protective oxide scale is dissolved from a metal by the molten salt, sulfur is released from the salt and diffuses into the metal substrate forming discrete grey/blue colored aluminum or chromium sulfides.
Consequently, the steel cannot rebuild a new protective oxide layer and steel corrosion occurs.
Magnesium sulfate can also attack copper.
Magnesium sulfate solutions of sulfates of sodium, potassium and magnesium corrode copper very slowly and the metal becomes slowly covered with a white precipitate containing bluish green flakes of basic sulfate.
Names
IUPAC name
Magnesium sulfate
Other names
Epsom salt (heptahydrate)
English salt
Bitter salts
Bath salts
Identifiers
CAS Number :n10034-99-8 (heptahydrate)
ChEBI : CHEBI:32599
ChEMBL :ChEMBL1200456
ChemSpider :22515
DrugBank :DB00653
ECHA InfoCard :100.028.453
PubChem CID : 24083
RTECS number : OM4500000
UNII : ML30MJ2U7I check
E2L2TK027P (monohydrate)
SK47B8698T (heptahydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
DTXSID6042105
Properties
Chemical formula :MgSO4
Molar mass :246.47 g/mol (heptahydrate)
Appearance: white crystalline solid
Odor :odorless
Density:1.512 g/cm3 (11-hydrate)
Melting point :anhydrous decomposes at 1,124 °C
monohydrate decomposes at 200 °C
heptahydrate decomposes at 150 °C
undecahydrate decomposes at 2 °C
Solubility in water : anhydrous
26.9 g/100 mL (0 °C)
35.1 g/100 mL (20 °C)
50.2 g/100 mL (100 °C)
heptahydrate :113 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Solubility :1.16 g/100 mL (18 °C, ether)
slightly soluble in alcohol, glycerol
insoluble in acetone
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −50·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) :1.523 (monohydrate)
1.433 (heptahydrate)
Structure
Crystal structure : monoclinic (hydrate)
Usage areas
Magnesium sulfate is good for chronic fatigue and muscle weakness.
Magnesium sulfate is useful for muscle cramps.
Magnesium sulfate is an important mineral for metabolic syndrome.
Magnesium sulfate is good for dysmenorrhea.
Magnesium sulfate should not be used by injection for more than 5-7 days to prevent the possibility of preterm birth.
Otherwise, long-term use may cause calcium deficiency in the unborn baby and thus bone changes.
Magnesium sulfate can be taken as a supplement during pregnancy.
Magnesium sulfate prevents pregnancy cramps.
Magnesium sulfate is used for the prevention of preeclampsia attacks.
Magnesium sulfate can be used in Osteoporosis.
Magnesium sulfate can be used by those who give milk.
Magnesium sulfate is good for menstrual migraine.
Magnesium sulfate is effective against premenstrual syndrome.
Synonyms:
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
7487-88-9
Magnesium sulphate
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous
Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (1:1)
MgSO4
Magnesium sulfate (1:1)
Magnesiumsulfat
Sulfuric acid magnesium salt
Magnesium(II) sulfate
magnesium;sulfate
Anhydrous magnesium sulfate
UNII-ML30MJ2U7I
Magnesium sulfate, anhydrous
Sulfato de magnesio
CHEBI:32599
MFCD00011110
ML30MJ2U7I
Magnesium sulfate anhydrous
Sal Angalis
Sal De sedlitz
Tomix OT
OT-S (drying agent)
OT-S
139939-75-6
Caswell No. 534
Magnesium sulfate dried
Magnesii sulfas
Magnesii sulfas; Magnesium sulfate; Magnesium sulphate; Mg-OK; OT-S
Sulfuric acid magnesium salt (VAN)
Arrosalt 2327
HSDB 664
EINECS 231-298-2
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 050503
Magnesium Sulfate In Plastic Container
NSC 146179
