PRODUCTS

MALEIC ACID

Maleic acid is an industrial raw material for the production of glyoxylic acid by ozonolysis.
Maleic acid is an organic compound which is a dicarboxylic acid (molecule with two carboxyl groups).
Maleic acid consists of an ethylene group flanked by two carboxylic acid groups.

CAS Number: 105-76-0
EC Number: 203-328-4
IUPAC Name: (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid
Molecular Formula: C12h20o4

Other names: 110-16-7, cis-butenedioic acid, Toxilic acid, Maleinic acid, Malenic acid, (2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid, (Z)-Butenedioic acid, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, maleate, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, Kyselina maleinova, (Z)-2-Butenedioic acid, Butenedioic acid, (Z)-, 2-Butenedioic acid, (Z)-, 2-Butenedioic acid, cis-2-Butenedioic acid, 1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, (Z), H2male, CCRIS 1115, HSDB 666, (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid, cis-but-2-enedioic acid, Malezid CM, AI3-01002, (2Z)-2-Butenedioic acid, EINECS 203-742-5, MFCD00063177, NSC 25940, UNII-91XW058U2C, BRN 0605762, Scotchbond Multipurpose Etchant, DTXSID8021517, CHEBI:18300, 91XW058U2C, NSC-25940, 68307-91-5, DTXCID201517, EC 203-742-5, 4-02-00-02199 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC25940, MALEIC ACID (II), MALEIC ACID [II], (Z)-2-Butenedioate, MALEIC ACID (MART.), MALEIC ACID [MART.], MAE, MALEIC ACID (USP-RS), MALEIC ACID [USP-RS], (2Z)-but-2-enedioate, MALEIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), MALEIC ACID (USP IMPURITY), MALEIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], MALEIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], Polymaleic Acid (Aqueous Solution), 26099-09-2, Kyselina maleinova [Czech], CAS-110-16-7, Maleic acid [NF], MALIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), MALIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], MALEICACID, NA2215, SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), SODIUM AUROTHIOMALATE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], (2Z)-Butene-2-dioic acid, maleic-acid, Cis-butenedioate, 2-Butenedioate, (z)-butenedioate, 1ahy, 1tok, NCGC00091192-02, cis-2-Butenedioate, bis-hydrogen maleate, Maleic acid [NA2215] [Corrosive], cis-but-2-enedioate, Maleic acid, 99%, Maleic acid (8CI), CIS-MALEIC ACID, (2Z)-2-Butenedioate, Butenedioic acid, (Z)-, 10237-70-4, (2Z)-Butene-2-dioate, MALEIC ACID [MI], SCHEMBL613, bmse000212, Maleic acid [NA2215], WLN: QV1U1VQ-C, MALEIC ACID [HSDB], MLS002153468, 2-butenedioic acid, (2Z)-, MALEIC ACID [WHO-DD], (2Z)-2-Butenedioic acid #, CHEMBL539648, GTPL9630, HMS2236F09, Maleic acid, for synthesis, 99%, HY-Y0367, STR03481, Tox21_113105, Tox21_202193, Tox21_303045, 1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid, cis-, 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)- (9CI), s3086, AKOS000268822, Tox21_113105_1, DB04299, Maleic acid [NA2215] [Corrosive], NCGC00090970-01, NCGC00090970-02, NCGC00090970-03, NCGC00257215-01, NCGC00259742-01, (Z)-BUT-2-ENE-1,4-DIOIC ACID, inverted exclamation markY99.0% (HPLC), Maleic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., SMR001230824, (Z)-1,2-ETHYLENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, CIS-ETHYLENE-1,2-DICARBOXYLIC ACID, DB-248216, CS-0015079, M0006, Maleic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, Maleic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, NS00008966, 1,2-ETHYLENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, (Z)-, 1, (Z), C01384, EN300-305309, Q42038, Maleic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0% (HPLC), J-521667, J-610085, F2191-0240, 3B685B85-C1F3-4E32-9DBC-3854162A8DE1, Maleic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Maleic acid, Standard for quantitative NMR, TraceCERT(R), Maleic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Maleic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer. The cis isomer is the less stable one of the two; the difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ/mol. The physical properties of maleic acid are very different from that of fumaric acid. Maleic acid is soluble in water whereas fumaric acid is not and the melting point of maleic acid (130 - 131 degree centigrade) is also much lower than that of fumaric acid (287 degree centigrade).

Both properties of maleic acid can be explained on account of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding that takes place at the expense of intermolecular interactions. Maleic acid is converted into maleic anhydride by dehydration, to malic acid by hydration, and to succinic acid by hydrogenation. It reacts with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride to give the maleic acid chloride (it is not possible to isolate the mono acid chloride). Maleic acid is a reactant in many Diels-Alder reactions.

Maleic acid is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Maleic acid is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid Dibutyl maleate.
Maleic acid is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.

Maleic acid is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Maleic acid chemical is also used in organic synthesis, like the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Maleic acid is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Maleic acid is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid Dibutyl maleate.
Maleic acid is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Maleic acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic "ester" odor.

Maleic acid is used as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Maleic acid is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, e.g. in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Maleic acid is a derivative of butyl maleate.
Maleic acid’s an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.

Maleic acid is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Maleic acid is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Under the action of heat and in the presence of acids or bases, Maleic acid transposes into fumaric acid dialkyl ester.
Maleic acid contains about 1-5% fumaric acid dialkyl ester and 1-2% alkoxysuccinic acid dialkyl ester.

Maleic acid is acts as a plasticizer.
Maleic acid is also known as Dibutyl maleate or Dibutylester.
Maleic acid is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.
Maleic acid has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Maleic acid is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Boiling Point: 161 °C
Melting Point: -85 °C
Flash Point: 140 °C
Density: 0.99 (23°C)

Molecular Weight: 228.28 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 2.7
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 10

Exact Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 228.13615911 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 16

Complexity: 209
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Color: Colorless

Maleic acid is commonly used in the paint industry as a comonomer in vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization for various adhesives and paints.
Maleic acid is also used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, for example in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Another common application is Maleic acid use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.

Maleic acid is suitable for vinyl resins and copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Maleic acid is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in paints.
Maleic acid is used in plastisols, dispersions and coatings.

Maleic acid is also known as Dibutyl maleate or Dibutylester.
Maleic acid is a colorless, oily and liquid substance.
Maleic acid has a characteristic ester-like odor.
Maleic acid is insoluble in water and is considered combustible.

Butyl maleates are ester compounds with a wide range of properties.
There are five main derivatives of butyl maleate-.
These derivatives have a wide range of applications, not limiting to, from the polymer industry to the pharmaceutical industry.
Maleic acid popularly known as DBM is the most widely used compound among butyl maleates.

Maleic acid is a synthetic colorless organic chemical with a characteristic odor.
Maleic acid is mainly used in the manufacturing of adhesives, paints, copolymers & films, finishing agents, and cosmetics.
The global market is expected to increase as the production of polymers & other derivatives of Maleic acid are increasing.

Maleic acid is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.
With the invention of polyaspartic technology Maleic acid found another use.

In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate - usually diethyl maleate but also Maleic acid may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.
The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.

Maleic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Maleic acid is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Maleic acid is an organic compound with the formula (CHCO2Bu)2 (Bu = butyl).
Maleic acid is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid Dibutyl maleate.
Maleic acid is a colorless oily liquid, although impure samples can appear yellow.
Maleic acid is a chemical that is used in the treatment of wastewater.

Maleic acid is a glycol ether and an alkanoic acid.
Maleic acid has been shown to be effective at removing p-hydroxybenzoic acid from water samples.
Maleic acid reacts with the p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form an ester and glycol, which can be removed from the solution by extraction with organic solvents.
Maleic acid has also been found to have high resistance against human serum, making Maleic acid useful for sample preparation prior to analysis by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry.

Maleic acid is used as a comonomer in vinyl acrylic emulsion polymerization for paints and adhesives.
Maleic acid is also used in organic synthesis for the production of derivatives of succinic acid.
Maleic acid is a known skin irritant and allergen, causing dermatitis on contact.
Maleic acid apparently facilitates the trafficking of FITC-presenting CD11c(+) dendritic cells from the skin to draining lymph nodes and increases the cytokine production by draining lymph nodes.

Maleic acid it’s a derivative of butyl maleate.
Maleic acid an unsaturated ester which is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic “ester” odor.
Maleic acid is miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether, N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene,
Maleic acid is not miscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons and is slightly miscible with water.

Maleic acid is a plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Maleic acid is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Other applications of Maleic acid include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Uses of Maleic acid:
Maleic acid is used in the preparation of lactones, which is used for the synthesis of antibacterial compounds.
Maleic acid is mainly used as a plasticizer for aqueous dispersions of copolymers with vinyl acetate and as an intermediate in the preparation of other chemical compounds.

With the invention of polyaspartic technology Maleic acid found another use.
In this situation, an amine is reacted with a dialkyl maleate usually diethyl maleate but also Maleic acid may be used- utilizing the Michael addition reaction.

The resulting products, polyaspartic esters products are then used in coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
Maleic acid is widely used as a liquid plasticizer for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC, plastisols and vinyl acetates for paints, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Maleic acid is used in various resins and in the preparation of emulsions for the paper industry, textile and lubricant additives.
Maleic acid is also a suitable intermediate for use in organic synthesis, in the production of derivatives of succinic acid.

Maleic acid is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.
Maleic acid offers excellent rheological properties, and Maleic acid can improve adhesion, flexibility and waterproofing in inks and paints.

Maleic acid also improves the UV filtration power.
Hydrophobicity and water resistance of the PVAc latex ﬁlms were increased by using Maleic acid as comonomer.
Maleic acid is used in synthesis resin and dope material, and is used in petroleum industry, fabric, plastic, and paper industrial dipping agent, dispersive agent, adhesive, accelerant, pesticide, surface active agent and others.

Uses at industrial sites:
Maleic acid is used in the following products: polymers.
Maleic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Maleic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of Maleic acid can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of Maleic acid.

Industry Uses:
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Applications of Maleic acid:
Maleic acid is a colorless, liquid plasticizer for vinyl resins, and is used for copolymers applications involving PVC and vinyl acetates.
Maleic acid is an unsaturated ester which is used for creating sulfosuccinate surfactants in detergents and paints.

Dubutyl Maleate is also used as a comonomer in paints and adhesives for vinyl and acrylic emulsion polymerization.
Other applications of Maleic acid include use in plastisols, dispersions, coatings, adhesives, and synthetic lubricants.

Another common application is Maleic acid use as a plasticizer in water resistant films.
Maleic acid is widely used as a plasticizer in vinyl resins.

About 90% of the global plasticizers produce are used for the manufacturing of PVC as plasticizers improve flexibility and durability.
Maleic acid is used in paints to improve the stability of paint towards water & ultraviolet light.

The demand for Maleic acid from the paints & coating industry is expected to grow as demand for water-resistant paints & coatings is increasing.
The construction projects in developing economies will also further increase the demand for such paints & coatings.

Maleic acid is now being used in the cosmetic industry as well.
Maleic acid acts as an SPF enhancer in skincare products and hair flexibility & gloss enhancer in hair products.

Maleic acid is used as a co-monomer with vinyl acetate monomer in polymer emulsion to improve the properties.
Maleic acid reduces the hardness and brittleness in resulting polymers.

Maleic acid is used as a co-monomer in acrylic emulsions for the manufacturing of various adhesives and resins including food-grade additives.
Maleic acid is also used as an intermediate in the production of derivatives of succinic acid, whose global production is expected to grow over 10% annually.

Maleic acid is also used as an intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry.
The changing prices of raw materials and the development of new eco-friendly coatings can reduce the market of Maleic acid.

Maleic acid is the diester of the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid Dibutyl maleate.

Preparation of Maleic acid:
Maleic acid can be prepared by the reaction of Dibutyl maleate anhydride and 1-butanol in presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid.

Apperance of Maleic acid:
clear colourless to slightly yellowish liquid

Physical state of Maleic acid:
Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid

Function of Maleic acid:
Plasticizers

Classification of Maleic acid:
Plasticizers
Industrial Chemicals

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).