PRODUCTS

MENTHOL

EC / List no.: 216-074-4
CAS no.: 1490-04-6
Mol. formula: C10H20O

Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints.
Menthol is a waxy, crystalline substance, clear or white in color, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.

The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-menthol, which is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.
Menthol has local anesthetic and counterirritant qualities, and it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak κ-opioid receptor agonist.

In 2017, it was the 193rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than two million prescriptions.

Structure
Natural menthol exists as one pure stereoisomer, nearly always the (1R,2S,5R) form.
The (+)- and (−)-enantiomers of menthol are the most stable among these based on their cyclohexane conformations. With the ring itself in a chair conformation, all three bulky groups can orient in equatorial positions.

The two crystal forms for racemic menthol have melting points of 28 °C and 38 °C. Pure (−)-menthol has four crystal forms, of which the most stable is the α form, the familiar broad needles.

Biological properties
Menthol's ability to chemically trigger the cold-sensitive TRPM8 receptors in the skin is responsible for the well-known cooling sensation it provokes when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin.
In this sense, it is similar to capsaicin, the chemical responsible for the spiciness of hot chilis (which stimulates heat sensors, also without causing an actual change in temperature).

Menthol's analgesic properties are mediated through a selective activation of κ-opioid receptors.
Menthol blocks calcium channels[6] and voltage-sensitive sodium channels, reducing neural activity that may stimulate muscles.

Some studies show that menthol acts as GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator and increases Gabaergic transmission in PAG neurons.
Menthol also shares anaesthetic properties similar to propofol, by modulating the same sites of the GABAA receptor.

Menthol is widely used in dental care as a topical antibacterial agent, effective against several types of streptococci and lactobacilli.

Occurrence
Mentha arvensis (wild mint) is the primary species of mint used to make natural menthol crystals and natural menthol flakes.
This species is primarily grown in the Uttar Pradesh region in India.

Menthol occurs naturally in peppermint oil (along with a little menthone, the ester menthyl acetate and other compounds), obtained from Mentha × piperita (peppermint).
Japanese menthol also contains a small percentage of the 1-epimer, neomenthol.

Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of menthol has been investigated in Mentha × piperita and the enzymes involved in have been identified and characterized.
Menthol begins with the synthesis of the terpene limonene, followed by hydroxylation, and then several reduction and isomerization steps.

More specifically, the biosynthesis of (−)-menthol takes place in the secretory gland cells of the peppermint plant.
Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), first catalyzes the reaction of IPP and DMAPP into geranyl diphosphate.
Next (−)-limonene synthase (LS) catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to (−)-limonene.
(−)-Limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3OH), using O2 and NADPH, then catalyzes the allylic hydroxylation of (−)-limonene at the 3 position to (−)-trans-isopiperitenol.
(−)-trans-Isopiperitenol dehydrogenase (iPD) further oxidizes the hydroxyl group on the 3 position using NAD+ to make (−)-isopiperitenone.
(−)-Isopiperitenone reductase (iPR) then reduces the double bond between carbons 1 and 2 using NADPH to form (+)-cis-isopulegone.
(+)-cis-Isopulegone isomerase (iPI) then isomerizes the remaining double bond to form (+)-pulegone.
(+)-Pulegone reductase (PR) then reduces this double bond using NADPH to form (−)-menthone.
(−)-Menthone reductase (MR) then reduces the carbonyl group using NADPH to form (−)-menthol.[12]

Production
Natural menthol is obtained by freezing peppermint oil.
The resultant crystals of menthol are then separated by filtration.

Total world production of menthol in 1998 was 12,000 tonnes of which 2,500 tonnes was synthetic.
In 2005, the annual production of synthetic menthol was almost double. Prices are in the $10–20/kg range with peaks in the $40/kg region but have reached as high as $100/kg.
In 1985, it was estimated that China produced most of the world's supply of natural menthol, although it appears that India has pushed China into second place.

Menthol is manufactured as a single enantiomer (94% e.e.) on the scale of 3,000 tonnes per year by Takasago International Corporation.
The process begins by forming an allylic amine from myrcene, which undergoes asymmetric isomerisation in the presence of a BINAP rhodium complex to give (after hydrolysis) enantiomerically pure R-citronellal.
This is cyclised by a carbonyl-ene-reaction initiated by zinc bromide to isopulegol [de], which is then hydrogenated to give pure (1R,2S,5R)-menthol.

Another commercial process is the Haarmann–Reimer process (after the company Haarmann & Reimer, now part of Symrise)
This process starts from m-cresol which is alkylated with propene to thymol. This compound is hydrogenated in the next step.
Racemic menthol is isolated by fractional distillation. The enantiomers are separated by chiral resolution in reaction with methyl benzoate, selective crystallisation followed by hydrolysis.

Racemic menthol can also be formed by hydrogenation of thymol, menthone, or pulegone.
In both cases with further processing (crystallizative entrainment resolution of the menthyl benzoate conglomerate) it is possible to concentrate the L-enantiomer, however this tends to be less efficient, although the higher processing costs may be offset by lower raw material costs.
A further advantage of this process is that D-menthol becomes inexpensively available for use as a chiral auxiliary, along with the more usual L-antipode.

Applications
Menthol is included in many products, and for a variety of reasons.

These include:
In nonprescription products for short-term relief of minor sore throat and minor mouth or throat irritation.
Examples: lip balms and cough medicines.
As an antipruritic to reduce itching.
As a topical analgesic, it is used to relieve minor aches and pains, such as muscle cramps, sprains, headaches and similar conditions, alone or combined with chemicals such as camphor, eucalyptus oil or capsaicin.
In Europe, it tends to appear as a gel or a cream, while in the U.S., patches and body sleeves are very frequently used.
Examples: Tiger Balm, or IcyHot patches or knee/elbow sleeves.
As a penetration enhancer in transdermal drug delivery.
In decongestants for chest and sinuses (cream, patch or nose inhaler).
Examples: Vicks VapoRub, Mentholatum, VapoRem, Mentisan.
In certain medications used to treat sunburns, as it provides a cooling sensation (then often associated with aloe).
In aftershave products to relieve razor burn.
As a smoking tobacco additive in some cigarette brands, for flavor, and to reduce throat and sinus irritation caused by smoking. Menthol also increases nicotine receptor density, increasing the addictive potential of tobacco products.
Commonly used in oral hygiene products and bad-breath remedies, such as mouthwash, toothpaste, mouth and tongue sprays, and more generally as a food flavor agent; such as in chewing gum and candy.
As a pesticide against tracheal mites of honey bees.
In perfumery, menthol is used to prepare menthyl esters to emphasize floral notes (especially rose).
In first aid products such as "mineral ice" to produce a cooling effect as a substitute for real ice in the absence of water or electricity (pouch, body patch/sleeve or cream).
In various patches ranging from fever-reducing patches applied to children's foreheads to "foot patches" to relieve numerous ailments (the latter being much more frequent and elaborate in Asia, especially Japan: some varieties use "functional protrusions", or small bumps to massage one's feet as well as soothing them and cooling them down).
In some beauty products such as hair conditioners, based on natural ingredients (e.g., St. ⁠Ives).
As an antispasmodic and smooth muscle relaxant in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
In organic chemistry, menthol is used as a chiral auxiliary in asymmetric synthesis. For example, sulfinate esters made from sulfinyl chlorides and menthol can be used to make enantiomerically pure sulfoxides by reaction with organolithium reagents or Grignard reagents. Menthol reacts with chiral carboxylic acids to give diastereomic menthyl esters, which are useful for chiral resolution.

Menthol can be used as a catalyst for sodium production for the amateur chemist via the alcohol catalysed magnesium reduction process.
menthol is potentially ergogenic (performance enhancing) for athletic performance in hot environments
Reactions
Menthol reacts in many ways like a normal secondary alcohol.
Menthol is oxidised to menthone by oxidising agents such as chromic acid or dichromate, though under some conditions the oxidation can go further and break open the ring.
Menthol is easily dehydrated to give mainly 3-menthene, by the action of 2% sulfuric acid. Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) gives menthyl chloride.

Melting point: 34-36 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 216 °C(lit.)
density: 0.89 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0.8 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
FEMA: 2665 | MENTHOL RACEMIC
Fp: 200 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility : Very soluble in ethanol (95%), chloroform, ether, fatty oils and liquid paraffin;
freely soluble in glacial acetic acid;
soluble in acetone and benzene;
very slightly soluble in glycerin;
practically insoluble in water.
pka: 15.30±0.60(Predicted)
form: neat
JECFA Number: 427
Stability:: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Properties Racemic menthol is a mixture of equal parts of the (1R,2S,5R)- and (1S,2R,5S)-isomers of menthol.
Menthol is a free-flowing or agglomerated crystalline powder, or colorless, prismatic, or acicular shiny crystals, or hexagonal or fused masses with a strong characteristic odor and taste.
The crystalline form may change with time owing to sublimation within a closed vessel.
The USP 32 specifies that menthol may be either naturally occurring l-menthol or syntheti-cally prepared racemic or dl-menthol.
However, the JP XV and PhEur 6.0, along with other pharmacopeias, include two separate monographs for racemic and l-menthol.
Uses
menthol is a fragrance. Menthol is also said to be anti-septic, cooling, refreshing, and a blood-circulation stimulant.
Menthol gives the skin a “cool” feeling after use. Menthol constitutes almost 50 percent of peppermint oil but can also be synthetically produced through the hydrogenation of thymol.
Menthol is non-toxic in low doses, but in high concentrations it can be irritating to the skin, especially the mucous membranes.
Labelled Menthol. Used for oral gel patch or film containing herb extracts or Chinese medicine, fruit extract, spearmint, and menthol for smoking cessation.
Menthol is used in confectionery, perfumery, cough drops, cigarettes, liqueurs, etc.; topical antipruritic; local anesthetic; gastric sedative.

Definition
A white crystalline terpenealcohol, C10H19OH; r.d. 0.89;m.p. 42°C; b.p. 103–104°C.
Menthol has aminty taste and is found in certainessential oils (e.g. peppermint) andused as a flavouring.

Production Methods
Menthol occurs widely in nature as l-menthol and is the principal component of peppermint and cornmint oils obtained from the Mentha piperita and Mentha arvensis species.
Commercially, lmenthol is mainly produced by extraction from these volatile oils.
Menthol may also be prepared by partial or total synthetic methods.
Racemic menthol is prepared synthetically via a number of routes, e.g. by hydrogenation of thymol.

Definition
ChEBI: Any secondary alcohol that is one of the eight possible diastereoisomers of 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol.

Brand name
Fisherman’s Friend Lozenges (Bristol-Myers Products); Therapeutic Mineral Ice (Bristol-Myers Products).

Pharmaceutical Applications
Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionery, and toiletry products as a flavoring agent or odor enhancer.
In addition to its characteristic peppermint flavor, l-menthol, which occurs naturally, also exerts a cooling or refreshing sensation that is exploited in many topical preparations.
Unlike mannitol, which exerts a similar effect due to a negative heat of solution, l-menthol interacts directly with the body’s coldness receptors.
d-Menthol has no cooling effect, while racemic menthol exerts an effect approximately half that of l-menthol.
When used to flavor tablets, menthol is generally dissolved in ethanol (95%) and sprayed onto tablet granules and not used as a solid excipient.
Menthol has been investigated as a skin-penetration enhancer and is also used in perfumery, tobacco products, chewing gum and as a therapeutic agent.
When applied to the skin, menthol dilates the blood vessels, causing a sensation of coldness followed by an analgesic effect.
Menthol relieves itching and is used in creams, lotions, and ointments. When administered orally in small doses menthol has a carminative action.

storage
A formulation containing menthol 1% w/w in aqueous cream has been reported to be stable for up to 18 months when stored at room temperature.
Menthol should be stored in a well-closed container at a temperature not exceeding 25°C, since it sublimes readily.

About this substance
Helpful information
Menthol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, for intermediate use only.

Menthol is an organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or mint oils with flavoring and local anesthetic properties.
When added to pharmaceuticals and foods, menthol functions as a fortifier for peppermint flavors.
Menthol also has a counterirritant effect on skin and mucous membranes, thereby producing a local analgesic or anesthetic effect.

P-menthan-3-ol is any secondary alcohol that is one of the eight possible diastereoisomers of 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol.
Menthol has a role as a volatile oil component.
Menthol is a p-menthane monoterpenoid and a secondary alcohol.

Use and Manufacturing
Household & Commercial/Institutional Products
• Inside the Home
• Personal Care
• Pet Care

For menthol (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 051601) ACTIVE products with label matches.
/SRP: Registered for use in the USA but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./

Flavor in liquers, confectionary; perfumery, cigarettes, cough drops, and nasal inhalers.

Because of its cooling and refreshing effect, (-)-menthol is used in large quantities in cigarettes, cosmetics, toothpastes, chewing gum, sweets, and medicines.

Menthol, which provides a cooling sensation, is a common constituent of after-shaves.

Industry Uses
Flavor used in a flavor compound to eventually be used in a finished flavor product.
Odor agents

Consumer Uses
Air care products
Cleaning and furnishing care products
Laundry and dishwashing products
Non-TSCA use
Personal care products

Industry Processing Sectors
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Fragrance
Fragrance for use in a household or personal care product.
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing

menthol, also called peppermint camphor, terpene alcohol with a strong minty, cooling odour and taste.
Menthol is obtained from peppermint oil or is produced synthetically by hydrogenation of thymol.
Menthol is used medicinally in ointments, cough drops, and nasal inhalers.
Menthol is also used as flavouring in foods, cigarettes, liqueurs, cosmetics, and perfumes.

The menthol molecule can exist as one of two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers).
The naturally occurring material is the levorotatory form (the compound that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left), called (-)-menthol (or l-menthol).
Synthetic menthol is racemic, consisting of equal amounts (-)-menthol and (+)-menthol (or d-menthol), the latter being the isomer that rotates the plane of polarized light to the right.

General description
Menthol is the principal component of peppermint oil.
Menthol is widely used in confectionaries cosmetics and toothpaste for its characteristic peppermint flavor and cooling effect.

Application
Menthol can be used as a model flavor compound to prepare flavor encapsulated porous cellulose particles for food processing applications.

Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils.
Forming clear or white waxy, crystalline substance, menthol is typically solid at room temperature.
(-)-Menthol is the naturally-occurring and main form of menthol, and is assigned the (1R,2S,5R) configuration.
Menthol mediates anesthetic properties and anti-irritating properties locally, thus it is widely used to relieve minor throat irritations.

What is menthol?
Menthol is either derived naturally from peppermint or other mint oils or synthetically manufactured.
When used as an active ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, menthol has a number of different uses.
Depending on the dose and form, menthol can be used to relieve coughs; help control plaque or kill bacteria that can contribute to the development of gingivitis; relieve oral discomfort associated with canker sores, injury of the mouth and gums, sore throat, fever blisters, or cold sores; relieve minor aches and pains of muscles and joints; and relieve irritated lips and skin.

When taken orally or used topically in or around the mouth, menthol can be the only ingredient in topical cough suppressant medicines (such as lozenges or sprays) or it can be combined with other ingredients in oral multi-symptom cough and cold medicines, anti-gingivitis and anti-plaque products, or oral discomfort products.

Products used externally for topical pain relief may contain either menthol alone or menthol in combination with other active ingredients.
Menthol can also be combined with other active ingredients in cough suppressant medicines (such as chest rubs and steam vaporizers) and skin protectants.

How much menthol can you take?
Different types of products containing this active ingredient have different strengths.
That’s why it is always important to read and follow the Drug Facts label.
Most medicines warn against use of an active ingredient for longer than 7-10 days.
Stop use and ask a doctor if symptoms persist.

Menthol is a substance naturally found in mint plants, such as peppermint and spearmint.
Menthol gives a cooling sensation and is often used to relieve minor pain and irritation.
Menthol is added to products as a flavoring including cough drops, beverages, gum and candy. However, none of these products are smoked or inhaled when used.
Tobacco companies on the other hand, are using this natural plant in cigarettes and other electronic
nicotine devices, making smokers think that menthol makes the product less harmful when used.
These nicotine products are not safer when menthol is added to them.

Menthol is a cyclic alcohol obtained from the volatile oils of various species of Mentha.
Menthol occurs naturally as levomenthol, and racementhol can be synthesized.

Menthol is largely used as a flavoring or olfactory agent in a variety of products, including cigarettes, liqueurs, cough drops, mouthwashes, toothpastes, and shampoos.
Menthol has been used in different medications to relieve symptoms of asthma and rhinitis and is a constituent of cold remedies and ointments designed to be rubbed on to the chest or applied around and even into the nostrils.
Applied to the skin, it acts as a rubefacient and counter–irritant, but substantial concentrations of volatile oil can be inhaled from the skin.

MENTHOL is classified as :
Denaturant
Masking
Refreshing
Soothing
CAS Number   1490-04-6 / 2216-51-5 / 89-78-1 / 15356-70-4
EINECS/ELINCS No:   216-074-4 / 218-690-9 / 201-939-0 / 239-388-3
COSING REF No:   35228
PHARMACEUTICAL EUROPEAN NAME:   mentholum
Chem/IUPAC Name:   Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-

Menthol is a natural analgesic compound. Menthol could cause a feeling of coolness due to stimulation of ‘cold’ receptors by inhibiting Ca++ currents of neuronal membranes.

Origin(s): Vegetal, Synthetic
Other languages: Mentol, Mentolo
INCI name: MENTHOL
EINECS/ELINCS number: 216-074-4 / 218-690-9 / 201-939-0 / 239-388-3
Bio-compatible (COSMOS Reference)
NAMELYMenthol is part of the alcohol family, it is obtained from mint or peppermint oils.
Menthol has a peppermint smell.
Menthol is known for its toning and refreshing effects on the skin.
Nevertheless, it is very sensitizing and can cause irritation or allergic reactions.
Menthol is authorized in organic.
Its functions (INCI)
Denaturant : Makes cosmetics unpleasant.
Mainly added to cosmetics containing ethyl alcohol
Masking : Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
Refreshing : Provides a pleasant freshness to the skin
Soothing : Helps lighten the discomfort of the skin or scalp

Description
A white crystalline compound obtained from the distillation of Peppermint oil.
Menthol was first isolated in 1771 by Gambius.
In the late 19th century, menthol was used with Naphthalene as a moth repellent.
Now, it is used in perfumes, medicines, and cigarettes.

What is Menthol?
Menthol is a chemical compound found naturally in peppermint and other similar plants.
Menthol can also be produced in a lab.
Even though many brands of cigarettes are marketed as “menthol cigarettes,” almost all cigarettes sold in the U.S. contain at least some natural or lab-created menthol.
Usually, there is more menthol in cigarettes marketed as “menthol” than in other cigarettes.
According to federal law, tobacco manufacturers cannot market cigarettes with characterizing flavors (i.e. that have a distinct taste), except for cigarettes that taste like menthol or tobacco.

Menthol in cigarettes creates a cooling sensation in the throat and airways when the user inhales, making cigarette smoke feel less harsh on the user.
Tobacco companies market menthol cigarettes as “smoother” than other cigarettes.
However, menthol cigarettes are not less harmful than other cigarettes and they are likely a greater risk to public health than non-menthol cigarettes.

Menthol is a cyclic alcohol obtained from the volatile oils of various species of Mentha.
Menthol occurs naturally as levomenthol, and racementhol can be synthesized.

Product Applications
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents
Flavour and fragances
Manufacturing of fragances
Manufacturing of flavours
Manufacturing of cough remedies

Flavors and fragrances
Menthol is a cyclic terpene alcohol flavors and fragrances with its appearance exhibiting colorless needle or shuttle columnar crystal or white crystalline powder.
Menthol has special aroma of mint with its taste being hot at first but then being cool later.
Menthol exhibit neutralizing reaction in the ethanol solution, being extremely easily soluble in ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, ether, liquid paraffin or volatile oil and being very slightly soluble in water.
Its molecular structure contains three asymmetric carbon atoms, so it has four stereoisomers with their aroma intensity and type and cool feeling being different.
There are two common types: natural menthol and synthetic menthol.
Natural menthol is a kind of saturated ring alcohol obtained through the freezing & crystallization, separation and refinement of peppermint oil with the optical rotation being L; synthetic menthol is made from taking lemon eucalyptus oil as raw material.
Its main component can be manufactured from the ring closing reaction of citronellal to obtain isopulegol, followed by hydrogenation, or through the synthesis of thymol from m-cresol with catalytic hydrogenation resulting in four menthol mixture of isomers with the precise vacuum distillation obtaining defined synthetic menthol, being racemate with no optical rotation.
Menthol has bactericidal and anti-corrosion effect and can be used as the fragrance of toothpaste, perfume, beverages and confectionery.
In the medicine, it can be used for making cool oil, painkillers, mouthwash, and so on.

The main applications are as follows:
1. Menthol can act on the skin sensory nerve end, making the skin surface to produce cool feeling, achieving the purpose of itching prevention.
Topical administration to the affected area can be used for the treatment of urticaria, prurigo, prickly heat, rash, neurodermatitis and skin pruritus and so on.
2. Menthol can be used for the treatment of headache, nasal congestion and sore throat.
This product has pleasant aroma and has curing effect on treating cold and wind heat.
Menthol has effects of refreshing the mind and clearing the throat.

Chemical properties
L-form appears as colorless needle crystal. The melting point is 42-43 °C; the boiling point is 216 °C, the specific rotation:-51 °-45 °; the flash point: 93 °C; the relative density: 0.8810; it is soluble in ethanol and is miscible with oil.
Menthol has cool, fresh, pleasant mint characteristic aroma with sweet spiky gas.
Menthol gives people a cold feeling with aroma penetrating through the hair, but not lasting.
The taste is also fresh sweet cool taste.
Menthol has a peppermint-like odor and exerts a cooling sensation when applied to skin and mucosal surfaces.
Menthol is a monocyclic terpene alcohol with three asymmetric carbon atoms in its cyclohexane ring resulting in (–) and (+) menthol, neomen thol, isomenthol and neoisomenthol.
(–)-Menthol is the isomer that occurs most widely in nature and is the one commonly identified as menthol.

Uses
Menthol is mainly used in medicine, toothpaste, toothpaste and mouthwash with its cool taste being able to enhance the smell of peppermint oil, having effect of refreshing the brain as well as disinfection effects.
Menthol can also be used as spices to be applied to the colognes.
Application of appropriate amount of low-grade soap and detergent fragrance such as roses, geraniol, lavender and fragrant has effects of enhancing the tone and aroma.
Menthol can also be applied to food flavors and flavor for wine and tobacco.
In medicine, it can be applied to the cooling oil, painkillers, etc., it can also be used for making toothpaste, toothpowder, candy, beverages, spices and so on.
How to use: it can be used for formulating the food flavor in the food flavor plant; or also be directly added or dissolved in alcohol to be added to the food flavoring.
Storage requirements: placed in a cool place, sealed for storage.
Avoid wind and rain.

Description
Menthol has a mint-like odor and a fresh, cooling taste.
Menthol may be prepared by hydrogenation of thymol.

Pharmacology
Menthol has a wide range of pharmacological effects.
Menthol can stimulate the nerve endings of skin and slowly penetrate into the skin, resulting in prolonged congestion and reflex caused by deep vascular changes, adjusting the vascular function, and achieving therapeutic effects in topical application.
Topical application of compound has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anesthetic effects.
In respiratory system: For treatment of bronchitis, it could reduce the respiratory tract foam sputum and increase the effective ventilation cavity road.
For treatment of rhinitis and laryngitis, it exerts mitigation by promoting secretion and diluting viscous mucus.
In digestive system: Menthol showed the powerful effect on bile.
In central nervous system: A small amount of peppermint can stimulate the central nervous system through the peripheral nerve to expand the skin capillaries, promote the secretion of sweat glands, increase heat dissipation, and show sweating antipyretic effect.
In addition, menthol has penetration-enhancing effect on many kinds of drugs; the mechanism is related to the changes of the ultrastructure of the skin, which is expected to be widely used in transdermal drug delivery agents.
In vitro experiments, it had strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus proteus.
Recently, British scientists found that mint leaves can prevent cancer lesions in the blood vessel growth to decrease blood supply for, showing a certain anti-tumor effect

DL-Menthol is a racemic mixture of D- and L-menthol.
Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils.

IUPAC NAMES:
(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexan-1-ol
2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexan-1-ol
5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexan-1-ol
DL-Menthol
DL-menthol
DL-Menthol
MENTHOL; 5-METHYL-2-(1-METHYLETHYL)-CYCLOHEXANOL

SYNONYMS:
(1RS,3RS,4SR)-4 MENTHAN-3-OL
2-ISOPROPYL-5-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL
1-Methyl-4-isopropyl-3-cyclohexanol
Menthol-d4 (Mixture of diastereoMers)
DeMentholised PepperMint Oil
Mentholum racemicum
2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexan-1-ol
menthanol
MENTHOL PH EUR
MentholNatural
DL-MENTHOL,CRYSTAL,USP
MENTHOL FLUESSIG
5-Methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexanol
DL-Menthol
p-Menthan-3-ol
NATURALMENTHOLCRYSTALS
MEMANTINEHCL
DL-MENTHOL USP
2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, Hexahydrothymol, Mentholum racemicum
2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, Hexahydrothymol
Menthol (water-soluble
momascusc colours,red rice starter
Menthol Crystal ( DL-Menthol)
5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-1-cyclohexanol
(+/-)-MENTHOL
MENTHOL
MENTHOL, DL-
DL-MENTHAN-3-OL
DL-4-MENTHAN-3-OL
DL-2-ISOPROPYL-5-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL
HEXAHYDROTHYMOL
HEXAHYDROTHYMOL 2-ISOPROPYL-5-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL
FEMA 2665
5-METHYL-2-(1-METHYETHYL)CYCLOHEXANOL
1-menthol
3-Hydroxy-p-menthane
3-p-Menthanol
5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclohexano
ai3-08161
Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-
Menthyl alcohol
menthylalcohol
DL-Menthol(b)