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DESCRIPTION:
Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid with one carbon.
Methanoic acid has both aldehyde and carboxylic acid properties.
Chemically, Methanoic acid, which is about ten times stronger than acetic acid, easily reacts with alcohols to form esters.
CAS NUMBER: 64-18-6
EC NUMBER: 200-579-1
MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH2O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 46,025 g/mol
DEFINITION:
Methanoic acid has all the properties of carboxylic acids. In the presence of heat and acid, it decomposes into carbon monoxide (CO) and water.
For example, Methanoic acid's reaction with sulfuric acid is suitable for use as a carbon dioxide source in laboratories.
In the presence of platinum, Methanoic acid decomposes into hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Methanoic acid is also called methanoic acid or hydrogen carboxylic acid.
Along with butyric and acetic acids, Methanoic acid belongs to the group of carboxylic acids, which are the simplest organic chemical compounds known to man, consisting of hydrocarbons.
The chemical formula of Methanoic acid is HCOOH.
Methanoic acid is a colorless caustic liquid with a pungent odor.
The melting point of Methanoic acid is 8.6°C and the boiling point is 100.6°C.
Other characteristic physical properties of methanoic acid include: solubility in water, benzene and ethyl alcohol, and corrosive action.
Manufacturers in multiple industries are drawing particular attention to the specific chemical properties of formic acid.
Methanoic acid is the simplest of the carboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid was first obtained by isolating the bodies of ants by distillation. That's why Formic Acid was called formica, a Latin word.
Methanoic acid is found both naturally and naturally in ants and some insects for self-defense. It also takes part in the metabolism of one-carbon compounds.
Methanoic acid is an acid that emits colorless odorless smoke. It has a sharp smell.
Methanoic acid's boiling point is 101 °C, slightly higher than water.
Methanoic acid's melting point is 8 °C.
Methanoic acid's density is 1.22 gr/cm3 at 20 °C.
Methanoic acid's solubility is 100000 mg/L (25 °C)
Methanoic acid is miscible with Ether, Acetone, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol and Ethanol as solubility.
Methanoic acid also has less solubility in Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.
Methanoic acid decomposes when heated and reacts with strong acids.
Methanoic acid is the simplest member of the carboxylic acid group.
Methanoic acid's chemical formula is HCOOH and is found in nature in the bites of insects such as ants and bees.
In addition, the main ingredient in nettle leaves is the stinging agent.
The root word of Methanoic acid is derived from the Latin name Ant.
That's because this compound was first obtained from the destructive distillation of ants.
Methanoic acid mixes well with formic acid, water and most polar organic solvents.
Methanoic acid is also partially soluble in hydrocarbons. Formic acid in the gas phase and hydrosyrins is in the form of dimers linked by hydrogen bonding.
In the gas phase, the hydrogen bonding between Methanoic acid molecules deviates from the ideal gas law.
Methanoic acid in liquid and solid form consists of an endless network of molecules linked by hydrogen bonds.
Many of the properties of Methanoic acid are the same as other carboxylic acids, but it cannot form acyl chloride.
When any of these compounds are formed, they decompose to form carbon monoxide.
Heating formic acid breaks it down to Co.
Methanoic acid is easily reduced to formaldehyde.
Methanoic acid is the only carboxylic acid that has the ability to participate in addition reactions with alkenes.
Methanoic acid and alkenes readily react together to form formate esters.
In the presence of sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid, Methanoic acid participates in the Koch reaction to form larger carboxylic acids.
Methanoic acid is mostly used as a preservative (preventing spoilage) and antibacterial in animal feeds.
Sprinkling some on freshly dried grass prevents rot and retains a high percentage of nutrients.
Methanoic acid is used in large livestock complexes to prevent winter food spoilage in farm animals.
Methanoic acid is added to poultry feed to kill Salmonella bacteria in poultry farms.
Methanoic acid is also used sparingly in the textile and tanning industries.
Methanoic acid is easily metabolized and excreted from the body.
Methanoic acid is also used as a uniform in leather dyeing.
Methanoic acid is added to poultry feed to kill Salmonella bacteria in poultry farms.
Methanoic acid is used for dyeing natural and synthetic fibers such as wool and nylon, to stabilize the dye on the fibers and to neutralize the alkaline solution while washing the fabric.
Methanoic acid, although not widely used as a solvent, is of interest as an example of a protic solvent with high acidity.
Methanoic acid and its salts are corrosive and skin sensitizers.
Methanoic acid is miscible with water and most polar organic solvents, and somewhat soluble in hydrocarbons.
In hydrocarbons and in the vapor phase, Methanoic acid actually consists of hydrogen-bonded dimers rather than individual molecules.
In the gas phase, this hydrogen-bonding results in severe deviations from the ideal gas law.
Liquid and solid formic acid consists of an effectively infinite network of hydrogen-bonded formic acid molecules.
Methanoic acid shares most of the chemical properties of other carboxylic acids, although under normal conditions it will not form either an acyl chloride or an acid anhydride.
Methanoic acid shares some of the reducing properties of aldehydes.
Methanoic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid which consists of a single carboxylic acid group (COOH) which is attached to a hydrogen atom.
The chemical or molecular formula for Methanoic acid is HCOOH or HCO2H.
Methanoic acid is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour and has a sour taste.
Methanoic acid is corrosive and is miscible in acetone, methanol, ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and ether.
Methanoic acid is partially soluble in benzene, xylenes, and toluene.
Methanoic acid occurs naturally in some insects, such as bees and ants.
Methanoic acid is widely used in livestock feed as a preservative and antibacterial agent.
Methanoic acid is also used in the manufacturing of leather, rubber, etc.
Methanoic acid is a weak acid that behaves like a typical carboxylic acid and has some aldehyde-like properties.
Methanoic acid easily reacts with alcohols to form esters. Formic acid decomposes in the presence of acids or heat to give carbon monoxide (CO) and water.
In the presence of platinum, Methanoic acid breaks down instead of carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Methanoic acid reacts exoteric with all bases, both organic (for example, amines) and inorganic.
Methanoic acid reacts with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Methanoic acid reacts with cyanide salts to form gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Methanoic acid reacts with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrites and sulfides to produce flammable or toxic gas.
Methanoic acid reacts with sulfides, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2) to produce flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Methanoic acid reacts with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon dioxide, but still heat.
Methanoic acid can be oxidized with strong oxidizing agents and reduced with strong reducing agents.
These reactions produce heat.
Methanoic acid can initiate polymerization reactions or catalyze other chemical reactions.
Methanoic acid is naturally-occurring, flammable, corrosive, organic, and the simplest carboxylic acid.
Methanoic acid is used as a hydride ion source in synthetic organic chemistry, a mobile phase component in HPLC, a preservative/antibacterial agent in agriculture, etc.
Methanoic acid is a colorless organic acid with the formula HCOOH.
At ambient temperatures, Methanoic acid has a strong, penetrating odor, like acetic acid.
Methanoic acid is used in chemical synthesis as an intermediate, this simple carboxylic acid is miscible in water and most organic solvents and is somewhat hydrocarbon-soluble.
Methanoic acid occurs naturally in the venom of some ants and bees.
Methanoic acid is a source of hydride ion in synthetic organic chemistry.
Methanoic acid is also a useful component of the mobile phase in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for peptides, proteins, and intact viruses.
Although Methanoic acid is easily metabolized and eliminated, it can have toxic effects.
In diluted forms, Methanoic acids are used as artificial flavorings and perfume additives.
In higher concentrations, Methanoic acid is flammable, and skin and eye contact with concentrated liquid or vapors is dangerous.
In agriculture, Methanoic acid is used as a preservative and antibacterial agent and by beekeepers to kill mites.
Methanoic acid is useful in leather tanning, textile dyeing and finishing, and in rubber production.
Methanoic acid replaces mineral acids in limescale removers and other cleaning products.
USAGE AREAS:
-An important use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
-It is applied to silage (including fresh straw) to increase fermentation of lactic acid and inhibit the formation of butyric acid.
-Formic acid is also used in place of mineral acids [6] for various cleaning products such as descaler and toilet bowl cleaner.
-During dyeing and finishing operations in the textile industry.
-In the manufacture of various chemicals such as esters, formates.
-It is used in the production of coolers.
-Laundry cleaning factories.
-In the production of pesticides.
-It is used as a solvent in the electroplating metal coating industry.
-Lacquer production in the cosmetics industry
-In the leather industry, in processes such as animal skin processing, tanning, feather cleaning.
-In mirror production
-In condom production
-In local anesthetics in medicine
-Ink production in the printing industry
-In the production of parquet varnish
-In the production of baker's yeast
-Formaldehyde production
-It is used as a solvent in various productions such as chipboard production
PROPERTIES:
-General properties: Colorless, Smoky Liquid
-Odour: Sharp, Irritating
-Density: 1,220 g/cm3
-Boiling point: 100.8 °C
-Melting point: 8.4 °C
-Flash point: 69 °C
-Vapor pressure: 35 mmHg (25 °C)
-Index of refraction: 1.3714 nD (20 °C)
-Solubility (in water): Completely miscible.
USAGE AREAS:
Methanoic acid is mainly used in industry as a preservative and antibacterial in feeds of farm animals.
At the same time, Methanoic acid is preferred in some foodstuffs to extend the shelf life.
Methanoic acid is also used as a coagulant in leather production, tanning, textile finishing and rubber production.
In addition to these, Methanoic acid; Methanoic acid is used as missist in beekeeping, as a descaler in some cleaning materials and in medicines for warts.
Methanoic acid is also used as a hydrogen source in fuel cells.
APPLICATION:
Manufacturers and researchers in the industrial sector continue to come up with new ideas for the use of formic acid.
Currently, Methanoic acid is used as:
-an intermediate for cleaning, tanning or pickling preparations,
-a cleaner used to clean different types of industrial installations,
-an additive for greases,
-a component of drugs for rheumatism or vasoconstrictor drugs,
-an additive for animal feeds and fungicides,
-a cosmetic ingredient for body care and regeneration.
HOW DOES IT PRODUCED:
There are several methods for the production of Methanoic acid.
Methanoic acid was first produced in European countries from Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) since 1896.
In the production process here, firstly, Sodium Formate (HCOONa) is produced, then it is produced by hydrogen bonding from Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and removing Sodium.
The equation for this reaction is as follows.
CO + NaOH 》HCOONa (with 120- 125 °C Temperature and 6×10`5 – 8×10`5 Pa Pressure)
HCOONa + H2SO4 》HCOOH + NaHSO4
In the production process here, a mixture of Liquid Ammonia and Methanol is used to absorb carbon monoxide at 70 °C under a pressure of 32.5 mPa.
In the next process, Methanoic acid is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution.
In production, an aqueous solution is obtained.
Dewatering is required here.
In this process, anhydrous magnesium sulfate and anhydrous copper sulfate can be used.
Extractive distillation is then carried out.
Trimethylamine can be used as an extractant in the manufacturing process.
Then, the anhydrous form is obtained by dehydration and purification.
Also, many bitter nettles contain this chemical.
USES:
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of adhesives and sealants in industry.
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of processing auxiliary chemicals suitable for petroleum production.
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of clothing and shoe care products.
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of some electrical and electronic products.
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of laundry and dishwashing products.
Methanoic acid shows its antimicrobial effect by binding Ca+2, Mg+2 and Fe+2 ions to complex molecules.
Methanoic acid is used in the manufacture of animal feeds to provide protective and antibacterial properties.
Methanoic acid stops certain rotting effects when sprayed on fresh straw and other silage products.
In addition, Methanoic acid helps animal feeds to preserve their nutritional value for a longer period of time.
Fermentations in the silo are generally divided into 5 groups.
They are divided into lactate, acetate, butyrate, fading and chemical.
Fermentations caused by Lactic Acid bacteria can be removed with formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid.
In some cases, formic acid is used as a preservative in human food.
Methanoic acid is sometimes used not as a preservative but to create artificial flavors in food and artificial fragrances in perfumes.
Methanoic acid is used in leather tanning, textile and paper processing, and converting latex to rubber in the rubber tree.
Methanoic acid is included in the chemical formulas used for cleaning silicone rubber sealants.
For many years, Methanoic acid has been treated using formic acid together with nitrates to ensure the preservation of green feeds in feed silos.
Methanoic acid can be applied to the surface of the application area or by spraying.
Methanoic acid acts as a catalyst as an organic solvent in the production of corrosion resistant Aluminum (Metal) pigments.
In this application, instead of Formic Acid, Acetic Acid, Maleic Acid (Maleic Anhydride) or Acetic Anhydride can be used.
PRODUCTION:
Methanol and carbon monoxide are combined in the presence of a strong base.
This reaction, which takes place at high pressure and in the liquid phase, produces methyl formate.
Hydrolysis of methyl formate yields Methanoic acid.
Besides, there are many niche routes for the production of Methanoic acid.
As a by-product in the production of acetic acid, hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, oxidation of biomass can be given as examples.
Also, as a major breakthrough, a film paper was produced in 2020 that produces Methanoic acid with only water, carbon dioxide and sunlight and no other inputs by artificial photosynthesis.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
-Density: 1.22 g/cm³
-Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 46.03 g/mol
-Boiling Point: 100.8 °C
-Melting Point: 8.4 °C
-Chemical Formula: CH2O2
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
-Odour: Pungent, penetrating odour
-Appearance: Colourless liquid
-Covalently-Bonded Unit: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 2
-Complexity: 10.3
-Solubility: Miscible with water
APPLICATIONS:
-Used as a mixture with citric acid or HCl because alone it is unable to remove iron oxide deposits.
-Used in major industrial chemicals in the group of saturated monocarboxylic acids.
-Used as a reducing agent to reduce sodium and potassium dichromate.
-Useful material in the dyeing and tanning industries, but other competing acids have, as a rule, been cheaper and the use of formic acid has therefore been restricted to a few cases for which it has peculiar advantages
SYNONYM:
64-18-6
Formylic acid
Aminic acid
Bilorin
Hydrogen carboxylic acid
Formisoton
Myrmicyl
Formira
Collo-bueglatt
Collo-didax
Acide formique
Add-F
Ameisensaeure
C1 acid
RCRA waste number U123
Formic acid
Mierenzuur
Mierenzuur
Formicum acidumKwas metaniowy
Acido formicoAmeisensaeure
Kyselina mravenci
Acide formique
FEMA No. 2487
Kwas metaniowy
Kyselina mravenci
HCOOH
Ameisensaure
CCRIS 6039
Sybest
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 214900
AI3-24237
RCRA waste no. U123
UN1779
Formic acid, dimer
Methanoic acid monomer
HCO2H
MFCD00003297
Wonderbond Hardener M 600L
0YIW783RG1
CHEBI:30751
aminate
formylate
methanoate
Formic acid
Formic Acid, 88%
0.1% FA in Water
hydrogen carboxylate
0.1% FA in water,
0.1% FA in ACN
0.1% FA in ACN,
0.1% Formic Acid in Water (v/v)
Cal-Ex™ II Fixative/Decalcifier
14523-98-9
0.1% Formic Acid in Acetonitrile (v/v)
HSDB 1646
EINECS 200-579-1
UNII-0YIW783RG1
Amasil
