PRODUCTS

MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE

Molybdenum disulfide is highly attractive for next-generation nanoelectronics due to its silicon-level charge mobility and ability to function without additional high-k dielectric layers.
Molybdenum disulfide's role as a solid-state lubricant, attributed to its low coefficient of friction and high chemical and thermal stability, has made it a staple in various industries, including aerospace and automotive.
Molybdenum disulfide's unique crystal structure, resembling graphite, allows it to be mechanically separated into 2-dimensional sheets, enabling its use in applications such as semiconductors and superconductors.

CAS Number: 1317-33-5
EC Number: 215-172-4
Chemical formula: MoS2
Exact Mass: 161.849549

Synonyms: Molybdenum disulfide, Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE, Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, 1317-33-5, Molybdenite, Molybdenum disulphide, 1309-56-4, Molybdenite (MoS2), Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2), bis(sulfanylidene)molybdenum, Pigment Black 34, ZC8B4P503V, MFCD00003470, Molysulfide, Molykote, Motimol, Nichimoly C, Sumipowder PA, Molykote Z, Molyke R, T-Powder, Moly Powder B, Moly Powder C, Moly Powder PA, Moly Powder PS, Mopol M, Mopol S, Natural molybdenite, 56780-54-2, Molybdenum bisulfide, M 5 (lubricant), Liqui-Moly LM 2, Solvest 390A, DM 1 (sulfide), Liqui-Moly LM 11, MoS2, Molycolloid CF 626, LM 13 (lubricant), MD 40 (lubricant), Molykote Microsize Powder, Molybdenum ores, molybdenite, 863767-83-3, DAG-V 657, HSDB 1660, DAG 206, DAG 325, LM 13, MD 40, EINECS 215-172-4, EINECS 215-263-9, UNII-ZC8B4P503V, C.I. 77770, disulfidomolybdenum, starbld0007122, [MoS2], Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, powder, CHEBI:30704, MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE [MI], DTXSID201318098, Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, 95.0%, MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE [HSDB], AKOS015903590, Henderson molybdenite, NIST RM 8599, Molybdenum disulfide, Crystal, 99.995%, FT-0628966, NS00112647, Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, powder, dag325, disulfuredemolybdene, molybdenumsulfide(mos2), MOLYBDENUM(IV)SULFIDEPOWDEREXTRAPU&, MOLYBDENUM(IV)SULFIChemicalbookDE,POWDER,<2MICRON,99%, MOLYBDENUM(IV)SULFIDE,POWDER, MolybdenumDisulphidePowder, Molybdenum(IV)sulfide,98.50%, mos2, MOLYBDENUM SULFIDE, dag325, molykote, MOLYBDENITE, Molybdndisulfid, Molybdenum disulphid, MOLYBDENUM(IV) SULFIDE, molybdenumsulfide(mos2), mopolm, Molybdenum(IV) sulfide, Molybdenite, Molykote, hydrogen sulfide; molybdenum, Molybdenum disulphide, Molykote, bis(sulfanylidene)molybdenum, Molysulfide, Nichimoly C, Sumipowder PA, Molykote Z, disulfanylidene molybdenum, dithioxomolybdenum

Molybdenum disulfide, or moly, is an inorganic compound made up of sulfur and molybdenum.

Few-layer Molybdenum disulfide is considered to be one of the most attractive materials for next-generation nanoelectronics.
This is due to Molybdenum disulfide's silicon-level charge mobility and high current on/off ratio in thin-film transistors.
Compared to monolayer Molybdenum disulfide (which needs a deposition of an additional high-k dielectric layer such as HfO2), few-layer MoS2 can be operated on its own.

This makes Molybdenum disulfide more appealing for fabricating transistors and other optoelectronic devices.
Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound.
Molybdenum disulfide is made of molybdenum and sulfur.

The chemical formula of Molybdenum disulfide is MoS2.
Molybdenum disulfide is a two dimensional layered material.

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)exhibit photoconductivity.
The layers of the TMD can be mechanically or chemicaly exfoliated to form nanosheets.

Molybdenum disulfide is a moderately water and acid-soluble Molybdenum source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.
Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.

Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar energy materials and fuel cells.

Molybdenum disulfide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Transition metal dichalcogenides' (TMDCs) is the class of materials and Molybdenum disulfide belongs to this class.
The materials in this class have MX2 as their chemical formula.

In MX2, X is a chalcogen (group 16 of the periodic table) and M is a transition metal atom (group 4 to group 12 of the periodic table).
MoS2 is Molybdenum disulfide's chemical formula.

Molybdenum disulfide, or moly, is an inorganic compound made up of sulfur and molybdenum.
Molybdenum disulfide naturally occurs in a layered structure which makes it versatile and more effective in a variety of applications.

Molybdenum disulfide is often a component of blends and composites where low friction is sought.
Molybdenum disulfide is the most famous of the single layer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family.

Molybdenum disulfide has been used in bulk for many years as a solid state lubricant, this is due to its low coefficient of friction in addition to its high chemical and thermal stability.
All forms of Molybdenum disulfide have a layered structure, in which a plane of molybdenum atoms is sandwiched by planes of sulfide ions.

These three strata form a monolayer of Molybdenum disulfide.
Bulk Molybdenum disulfide consists of stacked monolayers, which are held together by weak van der Waals interactions.
The chemical formula of Molybdenum disulfide is MoS2.

The crystal structure of Molybdenum disulfide takes the form of a hexagonal plane of S atoms on either side of a hexagonal plane of Mo atoms.
These triple planes stack on top of each other, with strong covalent bonds between the Mo and S atoms, but weak van der Waals forcing holding layers together.

This allows them to be mechanically separated to form 2-dimensional sheets of Molybdenum disulfide.
Molybdenum disulfide, also known as moly, is an inorganic metallic compound made of molybdenum and sulfur.
Molybdenum disulfide occurs in a natural state as mineral molybdenite (the principal ore of molybdenum) and has a crystal lattice layered structure.

Weak bonds in atoms in different layers and strong bonds connecting atoms in single layers allow the plate to slide over one another.
Similar materials include tungsten disulfide, boron nitride, lead iodide, silver sulfate, mica, and cadmium iodide.
Molybdenum disulfide belongs to a class of materials called 'transition metal dichalcogenides' (TMDCs).

Materials in this class have the chemical formula MX2, where M is a transition metal atom (groups 4-12 in the periodic table) and X is a chalcogen (group 16).
The chemical formula of molybdenum disulfide is MoS2.

This allows them to be mechanically separated to form 2-dimensional sheets of Molybdenum disulfide.
Following on from the huge research interest in graphene, Molybdenum disulfide was the next 2-dimensional material to be investigated for potential device applications.

Due to its direct bandgap, Molybdenum disulfide has a great advantage over graphene for several applications, including optical sensors and field-effect transistors.
Molybdenum disulfide is the main component of molybdenite.

Black solid powder with a metallic luster.
Chemical formula of Molybdenum disulfide is MoS₂, melting point 1185℃, density 4.80g/cm³ (14℃)
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one such material which is naturally available in bulk form and can be exfoliated down to monolayers.

Molybdenum disulfide is a sulfide salt.
Molybdenite is a mineral with formula of Mo4+S2-2 or MoS2. The IMA symbol is Mol.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an inorganic compound belonging to the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) series with earth abundant, consisting of one
Molybdenum atom and two Sulphur atoms.

Molybdenum disulfide is an inorganic compound that exists in nature in the mineral molybdenite.
Molybdenum disulfide's crystals have a hexagonal layered structure (shown) that is similar to graphite.

In 1957, Ronald E. Bell and Robert E. Herfert at the now-defunct Climax Molybdenum Company of Michigan (Ann Arbor) prepared what was then a new rhombohedral crystalline form of MoS2.
Rhombohedral crystals were subsequently discovered in nature.

Like most mineral salts, Molybdenum disulfide has a high melting point, but it begins to sublime at a relatively low 450 ºC.
This property of Molybdenum disulfide is useful for purifying the compound.
Because of its layered structure, hexagonal Molybdenum disulfide, like graphite, is an excellent “dry” lubricant.

Molybdenum disulfide and its cousin tungsten disulfide can be used as surface coatings on machine parts (e.g., in the aerospace industry), in two-stroke engines (the type used for motorcycles), and in gun barrels (to reduce friction between the bullet and the barrel).
Unlike graphite, Molybdenum disulfide does not depend on adsorbed water or other vapors for its lubricant properties.

Molybdenum disulfide can be used at temperatures as high as 350 ºC in oxidizing environments and up to 1100 ºC in nonoxidizing environments.
Molybdenum disulfide's stability makes it useful in high-temperature applications in which oils and greases are not practical.
In addition to its lubricating properties, Molybdenum disulfide is a semiconductor.

Molybdenum disulfide is also known that it and other semiconducting transition-metal chalcogenides become superconductors at their surfaces when doped with an electrostatic field.
The mechanism of superconductivity was uncertain until 2018, when Andrea C. Ferrari at the University of Cambridge (UK) and colleagues there and at the

Polytechnic Institute of Turin (Italy) reported that a multivalley Fermi surface is associated with the superconductivity state in MoS2.
The authors believe that “this [Fermi surface] topology will serve as a guideline in the quest for new superconductors.”

Molybdenum disulfide (or moly) is an inorganic compound composed of molybdenum and sulfur.
Molybdenum disulfide's chemical formula is MoS2.

Molybdenum disulfide is classified as a transition metal dichalcogenide.
Molybdenum disulfide is a silvery black solid that occurs as the mineral molybdenite, the principal ore for molybdenum.

Molybdenum disulfide is relatively unreactive.
Molybdenum disulfide is unaffected by dilute acids and oxygen.

In appearance and feel, Molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite.
Molybdenum disulfide is widely used as a dry lubricant because of its low friction and robustness.

Bulk Molybdenum disulfide is a diamagnetic, indirect bandgap semiconductor similar to silicon, with a bandgap of 1.23 eV.
Molybdenum disulfide is often a component of blends and composites where low friction is sought.

Uses of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide is used dry lubricant and lubricant additive.
Molybdenum disulfide is used as a dry lubricant in, e.g. greases, dispersions, friction materials and bonded coatings.

Molybdenum-sulfur complexes may be used in suspension but more commonly dissolved in lubricating oils at concentrations of a few percent.
Molybdenum disulfide is used as additives in lubricating grease, friction materials, plastic, rubber, nylon, PTFE, coating and so on.

Molybdenum disulfide is used hydrogenation catalyst.
Molybdenum disulfide is one of the most widely used lubricants in space systems.

Molybdenum disulfide is a common additive that improves the antiseize properties of wheel bearing grease.
Molybdenum disulfide has been used for many years as a solid lubricant because of its interesting friction-reducing properties related to its crystalline structure.

Molybdenum disulfide is a lamellar compound made of a stacking of S-Mo-S layers .
In each of them, the molybdenum atom is surrounded by six sulfur atoms located at the top of a trigonal prism.
The distance between a molybdenum atom and a sulfur atom is equal to 0.241 nm, whereas the distance between two sulfur atoms from two adjacent layers is equal to 0.349 nm.

This characteristic was often used to explain easy cleavage between the layers and therefore the lubricating properties of Molybdenum disulfide.
Molybdenum disulfide finds use as a hydrogenation catalyst for organic synthesis.

Molybdenum disulfide is derived from a common transition metal, rather than group 10 metal as are many alternatives.
Molybdenum disulfide is chosen when catalyst price or resistance to sulfur poisoning are of primary concern.

Molybdenum disulfide is effective for the hydrogenation of nitro compounds to amines and can be used to produce secondary amines via reductive amination.
The catalyst can also can effect hydrogenolysis of organosulfur compounds, aldehydes, ketones, phenols and carboxylic acids to their respective alkanes.

The catalyst suffers from rather low activity however, often requiring hydrogen pressures above 95 atm and temperatures above 185 °C.
As a result of its direct band-gap, single-layer Molybdenum disulfide has received much interest for applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices (such as transistors, photodetectors, photovoltaics and light-emitting diodes).

Molybdenum disulfide is also being explored for applications in photonics, and can be combined with other TMDCs to create advanced heterostructured devices.
In addition to serving as the primary natural source of molybdenum, purified molybdenum disulfide Molybdenum disulfide is an excellent lubricant when in the form of a dry film, or as an additive to oil or grease.

Molybdenum disulfide also is used as a filler in nylons, and as an effective catalyst for hydrogenation-dehydrogenation reactions.
Molybdenum disulfide has a wide range of industrial and commercial uses and applications, including lubricants.

Molybdenum disulfide's low reactivity makes it an ideal choice for low-friction materials.
Furthermore, Molybdenum disulfide is considered an effective lubricant because of its low coefficient of friction and chemical inertness.

Molybdenum disulfide can also be used as a dry lubricant, meaning it does not require a liquid lubricant.
Molybdenum disulfidealso able to protect metallic surfaces from corrosion and wear, making it an ideal choice for many industrial applications.

Molybdenum disulfide is an important component of extreme pressure (EP) lubricants that offer protection under extreme loadings.
When regular grease is used in high-pressure applications, Molybdenum disulfide can be pressed to the extent that the greased surfaces come into physical contact, leading to friction and wear.

Extreme-pressure oils with solid lubricants, such as Molybdenum disulfide, can help reduce or avoid these issues.
Molybdenum disulfide provides superior lubrication and protection against wear and tear, even in extreme conditions such as high temperatures, pressures, shear, and loads.

Extreme pressure lubricants also help to improve efficiency and reduce downtime due to reduced friction and wear.
They also help to extend machinery life and cut energy consumption.
Because of its lubricant properties, Molybdenum disulfide has many industrial applications, including aerospace, automotive, machine tools, and medical device components.

In the automotive industry, Molybdenum disulfide’s used to lubricate engine components and transmissions.
In the aerospace field, Molybdenum disulfide is used to lubricate aircraft engines, turbine blades, and other moving parts.
Molybdenum disulfide can also help reduce friction in metal parts, boosting the lifespan of machines.

Due to its low density and high lubricity, Molybdenum disulfide can also be added to plastics and polymer composites.
Moreover, Molybdenum disulfide has good thermal and electrical conductivity, and its chemical inertness makes it an excellent corrosion inhibitor.
Molybdenum disulfide few-layer film, with an impressive direct band gap of 1.9 eV in the monolayer regime, has promising potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and flexible devices.

Molybdenum disulfide few-layer films can also be made into heterostructures for energy conversation and storage devices, and used as a catalyst for hydrogen revolution reactions (HER).
Molybdenum disulfide few-layer film can be used in research purposes such as microscopic analysis, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy studies.

Few-layer Molybdenum disulfide film can also be transferred to other substrates.
Molybdenum disulfide with particle sizes in the range of 1-100 μm is a common dry lubricant.
Few alternatives exist that can confer the high lubricity and stability up to 350 °C in oxidizing environments.

Sliding friction tests of Molybdenum disulfide using a pin-on-disc tester at low loads (0.1-2 N) give friction coefficient values of <0.1.
A variety of oils and greases are used, because they retain their lubricity even in cases of almost complete oil loss, thus finding a use in critical applications such as aircraft engines.

When added to plastics, Molybdenum disulfide forms a composite with improved strength as well as reduced friction.
Polymers that have been flld with Molybdenum disulfide include nylon (with the trade name Nylatron), Teflon, and Vespel.
Self-lubricating composite coatings for high-temperature applications have been developed consisting of Molybdenum disulfide and titanium nitride by chemical vapor deposition.

Molybdenum disulfide is often used in two-stroke engines; e.g. motorcycle engines.
Molybdenum disulfide is also used in CV and universal joints.
Molybdenum disulfide-coatings allow bullets easier passage through the rifle barrel causing less barrel fouling allowing the barrel to retain ballistic accuracy much longer.

This resistance to barrel fouling comes at a cost of lower muzzle velocity with the same load due to a decreased chamber pressure.
Molybdenum disulfide is applied to bearings in ultra- high vacuum applications up to 10-9 torr (at -226 to 399 °C).
The lubricant is applied by burnishing and the excess is wiped from the bearing surface.

Molybdenum disulfide is also used in ski wax to prevent static buildup in dry snow conditions and to add glide when sliding in dirty snow.
Molybdenum disulfide is often used in two-stroke engines; e.g., motorcycle engines.
Molybdenum disulfide is also used in CV and universal joints.

During the Vietnam War, the Molybdenum disulfide product "Dri-Slide" was used to lubricate weapons, although it was supplied from private sources, not the military.
Molybdenum disulfide-coatings allow bullets easier passage through the rifle barrel with less deformation and better ballistic accuracy.

Many types of oils and greases are often used since they can preserve their lubricity, thus extending their use to more critical applications like aircraft engines.
Molybdenum disulfide can also be added to plastics to create a composite to enhance strength and reduce friction.

Molybdenum disulfide coating (consisting of high purity moly powder) is a dry film lubricant used on industrial parts to reduce wear and improve the coefficient of friction.
Applications of Molybdenum disulfide coatings include areas requiring an unreactive lubricant that doesn’t trigger reactions when used.

Typical applications of Molybdenum disulfide include Fuel cell applications, Vacuum applications, Photonics and photovoltaics, High-temperature applications, Military applications, and Automotive applications like two-stroke engines.
Molybdenum disulfide is used as a dry lubricant.

Molybdenum disulfide is black in appearance and mostly unreactive with most chemical elements.
Molybdenum disulfide is similar to graphite in terms of texture and appearance, and like graphite, it is used in greases for bit lubrication and as a dry lubricant.

Due to the Molybdenum disulfide’s geothermal origin, it offers excellent durability to withstand intense pressure and heat.
This is especially true if some amounts of sulfur are present to interact with iron to form a sulfide layer which works with Molybdenum disulfide to maintain a lubricating film.

Molybdenum disulfide has unique lubricant properties that distinguish it from most solid lubricants.
Molybdenum disulfide has a low coefficient of friction which is inherent, film-forming structure, effective lubricating properties, a robust affinity for metallic surfaces, and very high yield strength.

A combination of Molybdenum disulfide and water-soluble sulfides offers both lubrication and corrosion prevention in metal forming materials and cutting fluids.
Similarly, oil-soluble molybdenum-sulfur elements like thiocarbamates and thiophosphates offer engine protection against common wear, corrosion, and oxidation.

Because of the weak van der Waals reactions between the layers of sulfur atoms, Molybdenum disulfide has a relatively low coefficient of friction.
Molybdenum disulfide is a typical combination of composites and blends that need low friction.
Molybdenum disulfide is often used in two-stroke engines; e.g., motorcycle engines.

Molybdenum disulfide is used as a Lubricant:
Molybdenum disulfide has an extremely high melting point, just like most other mineral salts.
Because of its layered, hexagonal structure, Molybdenum disulfide, like graphite, is commonly used as a solid lubricant.

Lubricant uses:
Due to weak van der Waals interactions between the sheets of sulfide atoms, Molybdenum disulfide has a low coefficient of friction.
Molybdenum disulfide in particle sizes in the range of 1–100 µm is a common dry lubricant.

Few alternatives exist that confer high lubricity and stability at up to 350 °C in oxidizing environments.
Sliding friction tests of Molybdenum disulfide using a pin on disc tester at low loads (0.1–2 N) give friction coefficient values of <0.1.
Molybdenum disulfide is often a component of blends and composites that require low friction.

For example, Molybdenum disulfide is added to graphite to improve sticking.
A variety of oils and greases are used, because they retain their lubricity even in cases of almost complete oil loss, thus finding use in critical applications such as aircraft engines.

When added to plastics, Molybdenum disulfide forms a composite with improved strength as well as reduced friction.
Polymers that may be filled with Molybdenum disulfide include nylon (trade name Nylatron), Teflon and Vespel.
Self-lubricating composite coatings for high-temperature applications consist of Molybdenum disulfide and titanium nitride, using chemical vapor deposition.

Examples of applications of Molybdenum disulfide-based lubricants include two-stroke engines (such as motorcycle engines), bicycle coaster brakes, automotive CV and universal joints, ski waxes and bullets.

Other layered inorganic materials that exhibit lubricating properties (collectively known as solid lubricants (or dry lubricants)) includes graphite, which requires volatile additives and hexagonal boron nitride.

Catalysis uses:
Molybdenum disulfide is employed as a cocatalyst for desulfurization in petrochemistry, for example, hydrodesulfurization.
The effectiveness of the Molybdenum disulfide catalysts is enhanced by doping with small amounts of cobalt or nickel.

The intimate mixture of these sulfides is supported on alumina.
Such catalysts are generated in situ by treating molybdate/cobalt or nickel-impregnated alumina with H2S or an equivalent reagent.
Catalysis does not occur at the regular sheet-like regions of the crystallites, but instead at the edge of these planes.

Electronic applications:
Molybdenum disulfide has many promising peculiarities and one of them is that its bandgap has a non-zero value as compared to graphene.
Molybdenum disulfide acts as a semiconductor and due to its conductivity that can be altered, MoS2 is both efficient and effective for electronic and logic devices.

Moreover, the indirect bandgap is contained by Molybdenum disulfide's bulk form which is then transformed at the nanoscale into a direct bandgap, suggesting that MoS2's single layer found application in the optoelectronic devices.
Low power electronic devices and short channel FETs are also a possibility by Molybdenum disulfide because of its 2-dimensional structure as it gives us control over the material's electrostatic nature.

Field-effect transistors uses:
The most latest electronic devices have field-effect transistors as their most elementary part.
Semiconductor technology has evolved over time.

Lithography can particularly lessen the sizes of the transistor in the range of a few nanometres.
Their channel size is below 14 nm as compared to many advantages like cost reduction, low power consumption, and fast switching.
Quantum mechanical tunneling takes place between the source electrodes and the drain due to the Joule heating effect.

For avoiding short channel effects and producing nano-sized devices, exploring thinner channel materials and thinner gate oxides materials is very important.
The monolayer of Molybdenum disulfide is a suitable material for switching nanodevices as it possesses a direct bandgap of 1.8 eV which is appreciable.

Switchable transistor uses:
A switchable transistor based on Molybdenum disulfide's monolayer was displayed firstly by Radisavljevic.
A semiconducting channel with 6.5 A˚ of thickness is contained by this device and a 30 nm thick layer of HfO2 is used to deposit this device on SiO2 substrate as it has been utilized for covering it and also working as a top-gated dielectric layer.

The current on/off ratio is displayed by this device at 108 room temperature.
Off-state current, for instance, the subthreshold slope of 74 mV/dec, and 100 fA is exhibited by this device.
According to this work, Molybdenum disulfide has promising potential in flexible and transparent electronics, and that MoS2 is a good alternative for low standby power integrated circuits.

Solid lubricants uses:
When the liquid lubricants fail the requirements of the needed applications, then solid lubricants are used.
Oils, greases, and other liquid lubricants are not utilized in various applications because of their weight, sealing problems, and environmental conditions.

However, on the other side, as compared to systems that are based on grease lubrication, solid lubricants have less weight and are cheap.
In high vacuum conditions, the liquid lubricants cant work thus causing the device to be unfit as in these conditions, lubricants also get evaporated.

Decomposition or oxidization of liquid lubricants takes place at high-temperature conditions.
At cryogenic temperatures, liquid lubricants get viscous or solidify and are incapable of flowing.

Liquid lubricants uses:
When under the effect of radiation environment conditions and corrosive gas, the liquid lubricants start to decay.
Dust or other contaminants are easily taken by the liquid lubricants where the major problem is contamination.

The components that are associated with the liquid lubricants are very heavy so handling them in applications where there is a requirement of long storage, is difficult.
Thus, these problems are effectively dealt with by solid lubricants.

In all aspects, liquid lubricants fail when it comes to space mechanisms.
Antennas, rovers, telescopes, vehicles, and satellites, etc., are involved in the space moving systems.

In strict environmental conditions, these systems function for a longer period of time with little service.
In such environmental conditions, the promising choice is the solid lubricants, Molybdenum disulfide specifically.

In graphite contrast uses:
Unlike graphite, Molybdenum disulfide doesn’t need the water’s vapor pressure to exhibit lubrication.
Slip rings, gears, ball bearings, and pointing and releasing mechanisms, etc. are the components in the space applications that are dependent on Molybdenum disulfide lubrication.

Molybdenum disulfide's lubricity declines over the effect of a humid environment exhibit a major challenge to its implementation in various terrestrial applications.
Molybdenum disulfide's sputtering with Ti involves the improvement of MoS2's mechanical characteristics and it also protects MoS2 against humidity.
This improvement in Molybdenum disulfide's mechanical characteristics is significant for dry machining operations.

Biosensors uses:
Serious health issues have significantly affected the lifestyle of the human.
Significant effects lead to the increase in the importance of finding new ways and techniques that can observe different and numerous factors that are causing those effects and diseases.

A significant and major role is played by the evolution of biosensors in this point of view.
There has also been the utilization of biosensing in some elementary ways for efficiently observing the disease-causing factors.

Sensitivity and selectivity are the two factors on which the quality of the biosensors depends.
The research is being done at a large scale for engineering the sensor matrices for the enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of the biosensors.

Nanostructures uses:
Molybdenum disulfide Nanostructures that possess a 2D nature have been used for biosensing based on the electrochemical phenomenon.
There has been an extensive exploration of the Molybdenum disulfide's sheets in the form of electrode materials in biosensors.

Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets display strong fluorescence in the visible range because of their direct bandgap, which makes Molybdenum disulfide a suitable and appropriate candidate for optical biosensors.
Optical biosensors are cost-efficient. 1-D Molybdenum disulfide displays promising electrical characteristics and is analog to carbon nanotubes (CNTs).
One of the efficient and effective candidates for biosensors is the electrochemical sensors that are based on carbon nanotubes.

FET based biosensors:
Many researchers are fascinated by FET-based biosensors.
A drain and two electrodes source are mainly contained by the FET and they electrically associate with each other via a channel that's based on the semiconductor material.

The current that's flowing through the channel between the drain and the source is controlled by the third electrode, the gate that's coupled with a dielectric layer.
Biomolecules that create an electrostatic effect are captured by the functionalized channel and are then converted into an observable signal in the form of

FET devices' electrical properties.
How the characteristics of the devices perform, depends on the gate's biasing strategy.

Gas sensors uses:
Right now, it is very much important to trace noxious gases and pollutants, for instance, sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia (NH3), and nitrogen oxide (NOx).
Environment, quality of air, and noxious gas are monitored by a way known as gas sensing.

Resistance dependence, field-effect transistor, chemiresistive, Schottky diode optical fibers, etc. and other various semiconductor gas sensors are used for gas sensing but because of their low cost of production and easy operation, the resistivity based gas sensors are the most appreciable one

Evolution of Graphene and 2D Materials uses:
Molybdenum disulfide is because of their promising characteristics like high sensitivity, selectivity, large surface to mass ratio, and low noise, that the evolution of 2-dimensional materials and graphene helps in the research of gas sensors.

Observations were being made on the sensors' sensing behavior at different concentrations and various temperatures.
With a 4.6 ppb of detection limit, great sensitivity is showed by this sensor at 60 degrees Celsius temperature.
Complete recovery/fast response is showed by the sensor.

Field-effect transistors:
The large direct bandgap and relatively high carrier mobility in Molybdenum disulfide make it an obvious choice for FETs.
Early experiments on single-layer Molybdenum disulfide transistors showed great promise, with recorded mobilities of 200 cm2V-1s-1 and an on/off ratio of ~108.

Molybdenum disulfide has been suggested that such devices may outperform silicon-based FETs in several key metrics, such as power efficiency and on/off ratio.
However, they tend to show only n-type characteristics.
Much effort has been applied to refining FETs through reducing substrate interactions, improving electrical injection and realising ambipolar transport.

Photodetectors uses:
The bandgap properties of Molybdenum disulfide also lend themselves to optoelectronic applications.
A device fabricated from an exfoliated flake with sensitivity 880 AW-1 and broadband photoresponse (400-680nm) was first demonstrated 5 years ago.
By combining with graphene into a monolayer heterostructure, sensitivity has been enhanced by a factor of 104.

Solar cells uses:
Monolayer Molybdenum disulfide has visible optical absorption that is an order of magnitude greater than silicon, making it a promising solar cell material.
When combined with monolayer WS2 or graphene, power conversion efficiencies of ~1% have been recorded.

While these efficiencies appear low, the active area of such devices only has a thickness of ~1 nanometer (compared to 100’s of micrometers for silicon cells), corresponding therefore to a 104 times increase in power density.
A type-II heterojunction cell consisting of CVD grown monolayer Molybdenum disulfide and p-doped silicon has shown a PCE of over 5%.

Chemical sensors uses:
The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of monolayer Molybdenum disulfide has been shown to be highly dependent on physical adsorption of water and oxygen onto its surface.
Electron transfer from the n-type monolayer to gas molecules stabilises excitons and increases the PL intensity by up to 100 times.

Other studies based on the electrical properties of FET structures have shown that monolayer based sensors are unstable when detecting NO, NO2, NH3 and humidity, but operation can be stabilised by using few-layers.

Supercapacitor electrodes use:
The most common crystal structure of Molybdenum disulfide is semiconducting, which limits its viability for use as an electrode. However, Molybdenum disulfide can also form a 1T crystal structure which is 107 more conductive than the 2H structure.
Stacked 1T monolayers acting as electrodes in various electrolytic cells showed higher power and energy densities than graphene-based electrodes.

Valleytronic devices uses:
While still a technology in Molybdenum disulfide's infancy, there have been some early demonstrations of devices that operate on the principles of valleytronics.
Examples include a bi-layer Molybdenum disulfide transistor with gate-tunable valley Hall effect and valley polarised light emitting devices

Structure And Physical Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Crystalline phases:
All forms of Molybdenum disulfide have a layered structure, in which a plane of molybdenum atoms is sandwiched by planes of sulfide ions.
These three strata form a monolayer of Molybdenum disulfide.

Bulk Molybdenum disulfide consists of stacked monolayers, which are held together by weak van der Waals interactions.
Crystalline Molybdenum disulfide exists in one of two phases, 2H-MoS2 and 3R-MoS2, where the "H" and the "R" indicate hexagonal and rhombohedral symmetry, respectively.

In both of these structures, each molybdenum atom exists at the center of a trigonal prismatic coordination sphere and is covalently bonded to six sulfide ions.
Each sulfur atom has pyramidal coordination and is bonded to three molybdenum atoms.
Both the 2H- and 3R-phases are semiconducting.

A third, metastable crystalline phase known as 1T-MoS2 was discovered by intercalating 2H-MoS2 with alkali metals.
This phase has trigonal symmetry and is metallic.

The 1T-phase can be stabilized through doping with electron donors such as rhenium or converted back to the 2H-phase by microwave radiation.
The 2H/1T-phase transition can be controlled via the incorporation of S vacancies.

Allotropes:
Nanotube-like and buckyball-like molecules composed of Molybdenum disulfide are known.

PROPERTIES OF MOLYBDENUM DISULFIDE:
Molybdenum disulfide has a high melting point and low thermal expansion, which makes it suitable for high-temperature applications, such as furnaces and engines.
Molybdenum disulfide has a high electrical conductivity and is often used in electrical components, such as transistors and electromagnets.
Molybdenum disulfide is highly resistant to oxidation and corrosion, making it an effective lubricant for high-humidity and salt-water environments.

Bulk properties:
Molybdenum disulfide occurs naturally as the mineral 'molybdenite'. In its bulk form, it appears as a dark, shiny solid.
The weak interlayer interactions allow sheets to easily slide over one another, so Molybdenum disulfide is often used as a lubricant.

Molybdenum disulfide can also be used as an alternative to graphite in high-vacuum applications, but it does have a lower maximum operating temperature than graphite.
Bulk Molybdenum disulfide is a semiconductor with an indirect bandgap of ~1.2eV, and is therefore of limited interest to the optoelectronics industry.

Optical and electrical properties:
Individual layers of Molybdenum disulfide have radically different properties compared to the bulk.

Removing interlayer interactions and confining electrons into a single plane results in the formation of a direct bandgap with an increased energy of ~1.89eV (visible red).
A single monolayer of Molybdenum disulfide can absorb 10% of incident light with energy above the bandgap.

When compared to a bulk crystal, a 1000-fold increase in photoluminescence intensity is observed, but Molybdenum disulfide remains relatively weak - with a photoluminescence quantum yield of about 0.4%.
However, this can be dramatically increased (to over 95%) by removing defects that are responsible for non-radiative recombination.

The bandgap can be tuned by introducing strain into the structure.
A 300 meV increase in bandgap per 1% biaxial compressive strain applied to trilayer Molybdenum disulfide has been observed.

The application of a vertical electric field has also been suggested as a method of reducing the bandgap in 2D TMDCs - potentially to zero, thereby switching the structure from semiconducting to metallic.

Photoluminescence spectra of Molybdenum disulfide monolayers show two excitonic peaks: one at ~1.92eV (the A exciton), and the other at ~2.08eV (the B exciton).

These are attributed to the valence band splitting at the K-point (in the Brillouin zone) due to spin-orbit coupling, allowing for two optically active transitions.

The binding energy of the excitons is >500meV.
Hence, they are stable up to high temperatures.

Injecting excess electrons into Molybdenum disulfide (by either electrical or chemical doping) can cause the formation of trions (charged excitons), which consist of two electrons and one hole.
They appear as peaks in the absorption and PL spectra, red-shifted by ~40meV with respect to the A exciton peak (tunable through doping concentration).

While the binding energy of trions is much lower than that of the excitons (at approximately 20meV), they have a non-negligible contribution to the optical properties of Molybdenum disulfide films at room temperature.

Molybdenum disulfide monolayer transistors generally display n-type behaviour, with carrier mobilities approximately 350cm2V-1s-1 (or ~500 times lower than graphene).
However, when fabricated into field-effect transistors, they can display massive on/off ratios of 108, making them attractive for high-efficiency switching and logic circuits.

Structure of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Structure And Hydrogen Bonding:
Molybdenum disulfide belongs to a class of materials called 'transition metal dichalcogenides' (TMDCs).
Materials in this class have the chemical formula MX2, where M is a transition metal atom (groups 4-12 in the periodic table) and X is a chalcogen (group 16).

Crystalline Structure:
Molybdenum disulfide's (MoS2) crystal structure takes the shape of S atoms' hexagonal plane on either of the side of Mo atoms' hexagonal plane.
There is strong covalent bonding between the S and Mo atoms, and these triple planes stack on each other's top, however, the weak Van Der Waals forcing holds the layers together, which allow the layers to be mechanically separated for forming Molybdenum disulfide's 2-dimensional sheets.

Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide:
High quality Molybdenum disulfide few-layer films were grown directly on the substrates (SiO2/Si and Sapphire) by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method.
The films were later transferred to the desired substrates using wet chemical transfer process.

Production of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide is naturally found as either molybdenite, a crystalline mineral, or jordisite, a rare low temperature form of molybdenite.
Molybdenite ore is processed by flotation to give relatively pure Molybdenum disulfide.

The main contaminant is carbon.
Molybdenum disulfide also arises by thermal treatment of virtually all molybdenum compounds with hydrogen sulfide or elemental sulfur and can be produced by metathesis reactions from molybdenum pentachloride.

Intercalation Reactions of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide is a host for formation of intercalation compounds.
This behavior is relevant to its use as a cathode material in batteries.

One example is a lithiated material, LixMoS2.
With butyl lithium, the product is LiMoS2.

Exfoliated Molybdenum Disulfide Flakes:
While bulk Molybdenum disulfide in the 2H-phase is known to be an indirect-band gap semiconductor, monolayer MoS2 has a direct band gap.
The layer-dependent optoelectronic properties of Molybdenum disulfide have promoted much research in 2-dimensional MoS2-based devices.
2D Molybdenum disulfide can be produced by exfoliating bulk crystals to produce single-layer to few-layer flakes either through a dry, micromechanical process or through solution processing.

Micromechanical exfoliation, also pragmatically called "Scotch-tape exfoliation", involves using an adhesive material to repeatedly peel apart a layered crystal by overcoming the van der Waals forces.
The crystal flakes of Molybdenum disulfide can then be transferred from the adhesive film to a substrate.

This facile method was first used by Konstantin Novoselov and Andre Geim to obtain graphene from graphite crystals.
However, it can not be employed for a uniform 1-D layers because of weaker adhesion of Molybdenum disulfide to the substrate (either Si, glass or quartz); the aforementioned scheme is good for graphene only.

While Scotch tape is generally used as the adhesive tape, PDMS stamps can also satisfactorily cleave Molybdenum disulfide if it is important to avoid contaminating the flakes with residual adhesive.
Liquid-phase exfoliation can also be used to produce monolayer to multi-layer Molybdenum disulfide in solution.
A few methods include lithium intercalation to delaminate the layers and sonication in a high-surface tension solvent.

Chemical Reactions of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide is stable in air and attacked only by aggressive reagents.

Molybdenum disulfide reacts with oxygen upon heating forming molybdenum trioxide:
2 MoS2 + 7 O2 → 2 MoO3 + 4 SO2

Chlorine attacks Molybdenum disulfide at elevated temperatures to form molybdenum pentachloride:
2 MoS2 + 7 Cl2 → 2 MoCl5 + 2 S2Cl2

Mechanical Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide excels as a lubricating material (see below) due to its layered structure and low coefficient of friction.
Interlayer sliding dissipates energy when a shear stress is applied to the material.
Extensive work has been performed to characterize the coefficient of friction and shear strength of Molybdenum disulfide in various atmospheres.

The shear strength of Molybdenum disulfide increases as the coefficient of friction increases.
This property is called superlubricity.
At ambient conditions, the coefficient of friction for Molybdenum disulfide was determined to be 0.150, with a corresponding estimated shear strength of 56.0 MPa (megapascals).

Direct methods of measuring the shear strength indicate that the value is closer to 25.3 MPa.
The wear resistance of Molybdenum disulfide in lubricating applications can be increased by doping MoS2 with Cr.
Microindentation experiments on nanopillars of Cr-doped Molybdenum disulfide found that the yield strength increased from an average of 821 MPa for pure MoS2 (at 0% Cr) to 1017 MPa at 50% Cr.

The increase in yield strength is accompanied by a change in the failure mode of the material.
While the pure Molybdenum disulfide nanopillar fails through a plastic bending mechanism, brittle fracture modes become apparent as the material is loaded with increasing amounts of dopant.

The widely used method of micromechanical exfoliation has been carefully studied in Molybdenum disulfide to understand the mechanism of delamination in few-layer to multi-layer flakes.
The exact mechanism of cleavage was found to be layer dependent.

Flakes thinner than 5 layers undergo homogenous bending and rippling, while flakes around 10 layers thick delaminated through interlayer sliding.
Flakes with more than 20 layers exhibited a kinking mechanism during micromechanical cleavage.
The cleavage of these flakes was also determined to be reversible due to the nature of van der Waals bonding.

In recent years, Molybdenum disulfide has been utilized in flexible electronic applications, promoting more investigation into the elastic properties of this material.

Nanoscopic bending tests using AFM cantilever tips were performed on micromechanically exfoliated Molybdenum disulfide flakes that were deposited on a holey substrate.

The yield strength of monolayer flakes was 270 GPa, while the thicker flakes were also stiffer, with a yield strength of 330 GPa.
Molecular dynamic simulations found the in-plane yield strength of Molybdenum disulfide to be 229 GPa, which matches the experimental results within error.
Bertolazzi and coworkers also characterized the failure modes of the suspended monolayer flakes.

The strain at failure ranges from 6 to 11%.
The average yield strength of monolayer Molybdenum disulfide is 23 GPa, which is close to the theoretical fracture strength for defect-free MoS2.
The band structure of Molybdenum disulfide is sensitive to strain.

History of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Molybdenum disulfide is a naturally occurring blackcolored solid compound that feels slippery to the touch.
Molybdenum disulfide readily transfers and adheres to other solid surfaces with which it comes into contact.
Molybdenum disulfide's mineral form – called molybdenite – was commonly confused with graphite until late in the 1700’s.

Both were used for lubrication and as a writing material for centuries.
Wider use of molybdenite as a lubricant was impeded by naturally occurring impurities that significantly reduced its lubricating properties.
Methods of purifying molybdenum disulfide and extracting molybdenum were developed late in the 19th century, and the value of molybdenum as an alloying addition to steel was quickly recognized.

The demand for a domestic source of molybdenum during World War I resulted in the development of the Climax mine in Colorado, which started production in 1918 and continued into the 1990’s.
The availability of high purity Molybdenum disulfide spurred extensive investigations into its lubrication properties in various environments during the late 30’s and 40’s.

These investigations demonstrated its superior lubrication properties and stability under extreme contact pressures and in vacuum environments.
The United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, the precursor to NASA, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, initiated research on aerospace uses of Molybdenum disulfide in 1946.

These investigations resulted in extensive applications in spacecraft3, including the extendible legs on the Apollo Lunar Module.
Applications of Molybdenum disulfide continue to expand as new technologies evolve requiring reliable lubrication and resistance to galling under increasingly stringent conditions of temperature, pressure, vacuum, corrosive environments, process sensitivity to contamination, product life, and maintenance requirements.

Molybdenum disulfide, also known as Molybdenum disulfide, is one of the best materials initially belonging to the transition metals.
Molybdenum disulfide's structure is unique hence all the properties it possesses are unique.
The building block of Molybdenum disulfide is its properties as they are the key players in enhancing the productivity of the materials.

Its applications being vast and abundant in nature help in maintaining the credibility of this material.
However, Molybdenum disulfide is an excellent material for various purposes and various industries.

Handling And Storage of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage Condition:
Damp reunion will affect MoS2 powder dispersion performance and using effects, therefore, Molybdenum disulfide powder should be sealed in vacuum packing and stored in cool and dry room, the it can not be exposure to air.
In addition, the Molybdenum disulfide should be avoided under stress.

Stability And Reactivity of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

First Aid Measures of Molybdenum Disulfide:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Fire Fighting Measures of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.

Accidental Release Measures of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Molybdenum Disulfide:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses

Skin protection:

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1

Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.

Identifiers of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 5000 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids.
InChIKey: CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 1317-33-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) (1317-33-5)
Bandgap: 1.23 eV
Electronic properties: 2D Semiconductor
CBNumber:CB6238843
Molecular Formula:MoS2
Molecular Weight:160.07
MDL Number:MFCD00003470
MOL File:1317-33-5.mol
Melting point: 2375 °C
Densit: 5.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
solubility: insoluble in H2O; soluble in concentrated acid solutions
form: powder

Compound Formula: MoS2
Molecular Weight: 160.07
Appearance: Black powder or solid in various forms
Melting Point: 1185 ° C (2165 ° F)
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 5.06 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: Insoluble
Storage Temperature: Ambient temperatures
Exact Mass: 161.849549
Monoisotopic Mass: 161.849549
Linear Formula: MoS2
MDL Number: MFCD00003470
EC No.: 215-263-9
Pubchem CID: 14823
IUPAC Name: bis(sulfanylidene)molybdenum
SMILES: S=[Mo]=S
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Mo.2S
InchI Key: CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Properties of Molybdenum Disulfide:
Chemical formula: MoS2
Molar mass: 160.07 g/mol
Appearance: black/lead-gray solid
Density: 5.06 g/cm3
Melting point: 2,375 °C (4,307 °F; 2,648 K)
Solubility in water: insoluble
Solubility: decomposed by aqua regia, hot sulfuric acid, nitric acid
insoluble in dilute acids
Band gap: 1.23 eV (indirect, 3R or 2H bulk) ~1.8 eV (direct, monolayer)
Structure:
Crystal structure: hP6, P63/mmc, No. 194 (2H) hR9, R3m, No 160 (3R)
Lattice constant:
a = 0.3161 nm (2H), 0.3163 nm (3R),
c = 1.2295 nm (2H), 1.837 (3R)
Coordination geometry: Trigonal prismatic (MoIV) Pyramidal (S2−)

Thermochemistry:
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 62.63 J/(mol K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -235.10 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -225.89 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 160.1 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 161.849546 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 161.849546 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 64.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 3
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 18.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state. powder
Color: gray
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point.
Melting point: 1.185 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 5,060 g/cm3 at 15 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: 2375 °C
density: 5.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
form: powder
color: Gray to dark gray or black
Specific Gravity: 4.8
Water Solubility: Soluble in hot sulfuric acid, and aquaregia.
Insoluble in water, concentrated sulfuric acid and dilute acid.
Merck: 146,236
Boiling point: 100°C (water)

color: Gray to dark gray or black
Specific Gravity: 4.8
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Soluble in hot sulfuric acid, and aquaregia.
Insoluble in water, concentrated sulfuric acid and dilute acid.
Merck: 14,6236
Boiling point: 100°C (water)
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 5000 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents, acids.
InChIKey: CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 1317-33-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: ZC8B4P503V
EPA Substance Registry System: Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) (1317-33-5)
Bandgap: 1.23 eV
Electronic properties: 2D Semiconductor