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MOTHERWORT (LEONURUS JAPONICUS) EXTRACT

Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract, which has been isolated from the leaves of Cadaba fruticosa, has been shown, by comparison of its hydrochloride and the NMR spectrum, to be stachydrine.
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is an amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract has a role as a food component, a plant metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. 

CAS:    471-87-4
MF:    C7H14NO2
MW:    144.19
EINECS:    207-445-1

Synonyms
(;2s)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate;(Pyrrolidinium, 2-carboxy-1,1-dimethyl-, innersalt, (2S)-;Methyl hygrate betaine;(S)-2-Carboxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium hydroxide inner salt;1-Methylproline methylbetaine;Cadabine;(2S)-1,1-Dimethyl-2-carboxylatopyrrolidin-1-ium;(2S)-2-Carboxylato-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium
stachydrine;471-87-4;proline betaine;L-proline betaine;(S)-1,1-Dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate;methyl hygrate betaine;N,N-dimethyl-L-proline;(2S)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate;(S)-2-Carboxylato-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium;L-stachydrine;Prestwick-08G03;CHEBI:35280;(2S)-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium-2-carboxylate;S1L688345C;Pyrrolidinium, 2-carboxy-1,1-dimethyl-, inner salt, (2S)-;UNII-S1L688345C;(-)-Stachydrine;EINECS 207-445-1;MFCD09837899;CADABINE;N,N-dimethyl L-proline;STACHYDRINE [MI];1-Methylproline methylbetaine;SCHEMBL232688;(2S)-2-Carboxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium inner salt;HYGRIC ACID METHYLBETAINE;CHEMBL1456892;DTXSID20963744;CMUNUTVVOOHQPW-LURJTMIESA-N;HY-N0298;AKOS006237373;CCG-266166;CS-6251;DB04284;NCGC00016999-01;NCGC00163626-01;NCGC00163626-02;(S)-2-carboxy-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium;1ST40157;AS-66917;AB00514653;NS00069032;Q-100498;Q27104306

Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid, an alkaloid and an amino-acid betaine. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is functionally related to a L-prolinium. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a conjugate base of a N,N-dimethyl-L-prolinium. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is an enantiomer of a D-proline betaine.
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is an amino acid betaine that is L-proline zwitterion in which both of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract has a role as a food component, a plant metabolite and a human blood serum metabolite. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a N-methyl-L-alpha-amino acid, an alkaloid and an amino-acid betaine. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is functionally related to a L-prolinium. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a conjugate base of a N,N-dimethyl-L-prolinium. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is an enantiomer of a D-proline betaine.
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a natural compound that has been shown to have anti-cancer properties. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract was found to inhibit the growth of cells in culture and induce apoptosis. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is a precursor of betaine, which acts as an osmolyte and antioxidant. 
The enzyme Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract synthase catalyzes the conversion of choline to stachydrine. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is inhibited by cyclase inhibitors, such as quinacrine, which are being investigated for use in cancer therapy. 
A model system has been developed using wild-type strains of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae that allows for the study of energy metabolism and cellular physiology in vitro. 
This system provides information about how wild-type cells respond to environmental changes and can be used to test drugs or other compounds for their effects on these processes.

Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract Chemical Properties
Melting point: 235°C
Boiling point: 261.28°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1095 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.4150 (estimate)
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility Water: 100 mg/mL (698.42 mM); DMSO: 100 mg/mL (698.42 mM)
Form: Solid
Color: White to off-white

White needle crystal (acetone), melting point 238~240 ℃,[α]D23-44.3 (c = 4.175, water), soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, dilute acid, hot chloroform, almost insoluble in ether, acetone, cold chloroform and petroleum ether. 
Hydrochloride, large prism (anhydrous ethanol), melting point 235 ℃ (decomposition),[α]D23-27 (c = 1.1, water), soluble in water, soluble in 13 parts of ethanol. 
IRνKBrmaxcm-1: 3450,1620,1480,1400,1370,1340,1320,1020,1000,960. 
1HNMR (TFA) δ: 2.25~3.15 (4H,m,-(CH2)2-),3.45 (3H,s,N-CH3),3.53 (3H,N-CH3),3.7-4.0 (2H,m,N-CH2-),4.4~4.7 (1H,m,C-H). MS m/z: 143 (M ),141,129,126,98,84,82,58,56,44,42.

Uses    
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is used for various ethnobotany and ethnomedicinal uses. 
Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract can also be used to promote healthy neural development in an unborn baby, as well as to determine the differential effects of post-weaning diet and maternal obesity on mouse liver and brain metabolomes.

1. As a chemical reagent, Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract is commonly used in bromination reaction and substitution reaction in organic synthesis;
2. Can be used in the preparation of refrigerants, dyes and certain compounds in medicine.

Preparation Method:
The preparation of Motherwort (leonurus japonicus) extract can be carried out by the following steps:
1. Dissolving soda ash (such as sodium hydroxide) in water to obtain an alkali solution;
2. Slowly add bromine water (or ammonium bromide) to the alkali solution, and fully stir;
3. The precipitated stachydrine can be filtered, washed and dried.
 

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