MYRISTIC ACID

MYRISTIC ACID
CAS NO:544-63-8
EC NO:208-875-2
Lauric acid and myristic acid  are saturated fatty acids. Their formal names are dodecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid, respectively. Both are white solids that are very slightly soluble in water.
Myristic acid (IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid) is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. Its salts and esters are commonly referred to as myristates or tetradecanoates. It is named after the binomial name for nutmeg (Myristica fragrans), from which it was first isolated in 1841 by Lyon Playfair.
Myristic Acid is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with a 14-carbon backbone. Myristic acid is found naturally in palm oil, coconut oil and butter fat.

SYNONYMS:
Tetradecanoic acid; MYRISTIC ACID; 544-63-8; n-Tetradecanoic acid; Crodacid; n-Tetradecoic acid; 1-Tridecanecarboxylic acid; n-Tetradecan-1-oic acid; Hydrofol acid 1495; Univol U 316S; Emery 655; Myristinsaeure; Myristate; tetradecoic acid; Hystrene 9014; Neo-fat 14; C14 fatty acid; Myristic acid, pure; n-Myristic acid; Myristic acid (natural); Tetradecanoate; acide tetradecanoique; NSC 5028; FEMA No. 2764; CCRIS 4724; CH3-[CH2]12-COOH; HSDB 5686; C14:0; UNII-0I3V7S25AW; Philacid 1400; CHEBI:28875; AI3-15381; Prifac 2942; MFCD00002744; 1-tetradecanecarboxylic acid; 0I3V7S25AW; CHEMBL111077; NSC5028; Myristic acid, 99%; DSSTox_CID_1666; n-tetradecan-1-oate; DSSTox_RID_76274; DSSTox_GSID_21666; CAS-544-63-8; Myristic acid [NF]; EINECS 208-875-2; BRN 0508624; myristoate; myristoic acid; Lead dimyristate; n-Tetradecanoate; 3usx; Myristic acid pure; Myristic Acid Flake; Hystrene 9514; Kortacid 1499; Edenor C 14; Myristic Acid 655; 1-Tridecanecarboxylate; Prifrac 2942; MAGNESIUMARSENATE; Myristic acid, 95%; Myristic acid, natural; tridecanecarboxylic acid; Myristic acid (8CI); Myristic Acid, Reagent; 3v2n; 3w9k; Myristic acid, puriss.; ACMC-1AKMJ; 32112-52-0; Tetradecanoic acid (9CI); bmse000737; Epitope ID:176772; SCHEMBL6374; 4-02-00-01126 (Beilstein Handbook Reference); MYRİSTİC ACİD

GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Fatty Acids are aliphatic carboxylic acid with varying hydrocarbon lengths at one end of the chain joined to terminal carboxyl (-COOH) group at the other end. The general formula is R-(CH2)n-COOH. Fatty acids are predominantly unbranched and those with even numbers of carbon atoms between 12 and 22 carbons long react with glycerol to form lipids (fat-soluble components of living cells) in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Fatty acids all have common names respectively lilk lauric (C12), MyrIstic (C14), palmitic (C16), stearic (C18), oleic (C18, unsaturated), and linoleic (C18, polyunsaturated) acids. The saturated fatty acids have no solid bonds, while oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid has one solid bond (also described as olefinic) and polyunsaturated fatty acids like linolenic acid contain two or more solid bonds. Lauric acid (also called Dodecanoic acid) is the main acid in coconut oil (45 - 50 percent) and palm kernel oil (45 - 55 percent). Nutmeg butter is rich in myristic acid (also called Tetradecanoic acid ) which constitutes 60-75 percent of the fatty-acid content. Palmitic acid(also called Hexadecylic acid ) constitutes between 20 and 30 percent of most animal fats and is also an important constituent of most vegetable fats (35 - 45 percent of palm oil). Stearic acid ( also called Octadecanoic Acid)  is nature's most common long-chain fatty acids, derived from animal and vegetable fats. It is widely used as a lubricant and as an additive in industrial preparations. It is used in the manufacture of metallic stearates, pharmaceuticals, soaps, cosmetics, and food packaging. It is also used as a softener, accelerator activator and dispersing agent in rubbers. Oleic acid (systematic chemical name is cis-octadec-9-enoic acid) is the most abundant of the unsaturated fatty acids in nature.
Myristic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat. It has a role as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of a myristic acid.
Reactivity Profile
Myristic acid is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Myristic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

Uses
See also: Myristoylation
Myristic acid is commonly added to the N-terminus glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localization of the enzyme. The myristic acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.

Various "human epidemiological studies have shown that myristic acid and Myristic acid were the saturated fatty acids most strongly related to the average serum cholesterol concentrations in humans",meaning they were positively correlated with higher cholesterol levels as well as raising triglycerides in plasma by some 20% increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease, although some research points to myristic acid's positive effects on HDL cholesterol and hence improving HDL (good cholesterol) to total cholesterol ratio.

Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.

Myristic acid is commonly added via a covalent linkage to the N-terminal glycine of many eukaryotic and viral proteins, a process called myristoylation. Myristoylation enables proteins to bind to cell membranes and facilitates protein-protein interactions. Myristolyation of proteins affect many cellular functions and thus has implications in health and disease .

Myristic acid is a straight-chain 14-carbon fatty acid. Diets rich in myristic acid, along with Myristic and palmitic acids, are associated with increased serum levels of low densisity lipoprotein cholesterol.

Myristic acid, also called tetradecanoic acid , is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3(CH2)12COOH. A myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid.
Myristic acid is named after the nutmeg Myristica fragrans. Nutmeg butter is 75 % trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butter fat and is a minor component of many other animal fats. It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale.

Myristic acid is also commonly added co-translationally to the penultimate, nitrogen-terminus, glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. The myristic acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.The ester isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.

It appears as white to yellowish white solid, sometimes appearing as shiny crystalline solid, or white to yellowish white powder. It has a relative density of 0.8739 (80 ℃), melting point of 54.5 ℃ and the boiling point of 326.2 ℃. Its refractive index (nD60) is 1.4310. It is not soluble in water but soluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform.
Myristin contains about 70% to 80% while other kinds of coconut oil, palm kernel oil also contain it.

Application
It can be used as a chemical agent, also for the synthesis of spices and organic matter
It can be used in the manufacture of emulsifiers, waterproofing agents, curing agents, PVC heat stabilizers and plasticizers, and also used as the raw materials of spices and pharmaceutical.It is mainly used as raw materials for the production of surfactants for the production of sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol fatty acid esters. It can also be used for the production of isopropyl myristate and so on. It can also be used for defoamers and flavoring agent. According to the provision of China GB2760-89, it can be used to prepare a variety of food spices.

Preparation        
To prepare the myristic acid, the methyl ester of the mixed fatty acids or mixed fatty acid methyl ester obtained from the coconut oil or palm kernel oil is subject to vacuum fractionation, obtaining myristic acid. For laboratory preparation, glycerol tris (tetradecanoate) is subject to saponification with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, further being acidified with hydrochloric acid to obtain the free myristic acid. It can also be made from tetradecanol.

Occurrence        
Reported found in nutmeg, palm seed, sperm whale oil, blue cheese, burley tobacco, cooked beef and chicken, fish, rum, apricot, banana, lemon and grapefruit juice, cranberry, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, raspberry, strawberry fruit and jam, cucumber, tomato, many cheeses, thyme, breads, butter, milk, lamb liver, pork, hop oil, beer, cognac, whiskies, peanut oil, cocoa, tea, coconut meat and milk, cloudberry, beans, passion fruit, mushroom, mango, starfruit, tamarind, kelp, cardamom, rice, buckwheat, watercress, malt, wort, loquat, Bourbon vanilla, lemon balm, shrimp, nectarine, crab, scallop, squid, cape gooseberry, Chinese quince, pawpaw and sweet grass oi
Nutmeg butter has 75% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butterfat, 8–14% of bovine milk, and 8.6% of breast milk as well as being a minor component of many other animal fats.It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale. It is also found in the rhizomes of the Iris, including Orris root. It also comprises 14.49% of the fats from the fruit of the Durian species Durio graveolens.

Uses        myristic acid is a surfactant and cleansing agent. When combined with potassium, myristic acid soap provides very good, abundant lather. This is a solid organic acid naturally occurring in butter acids such as nutmeg, oil of lovage, coconut oil, mace oil, and most animal and vegetable fats. Although some sources cite it as having no irritation potential, they do indicate comedogenicity potential.
Uses        Myristic Acid is a fatty acid obtained from coconut oil and other fats. it has poor water solubility but is soluble in alcohol, chloro- form, and ether. it is used as a lubricant, binder, and defoaming agent.
Uses        Myristic Acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in nutmeg, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and butter fat.
Uses        Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated (14:0) fatty acid. In vivo, it is commonly added covalently to the N-terminus of proteins in a co-translational process termed N-myristoylation. In addition, there are examples where N-myristoylation occurs post-translationally, when a hidden myristoylation pattern is exposed.

Reactivity Profile        
Myristic acid is a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them. They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic. Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat. Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt. Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water. Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions. The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt. Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt. Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry. Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Myristic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers. Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide. The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide. Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides. Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat. Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat. Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents. These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible. Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.

Myristic acid, also known as 14 or tetradecanoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Myristic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral. 

Myristic acid is a 14-carbon saturated fatty acid. It is incorporated into myristoyl coenzyme A (myristoyl-CoA) and transferred by N-myristoyltransferase to the N-terminal glycine of certain proteins either during translation to modify protein activity or post-translationally in apoptotic cells.

Myristic Acid, a 14 carbon saturated fatty acid, is a rare molecule in cells and is a substrate of some fatty acid desaturases. This compound has the ability to acylate proteins by covalently binding to the N-terminal glycine residues, in a process called N-terminal myristoylation. Myristoylation of substrate proteins by this fatty acid has the potential to activate and mediate many physiological pathways. Furthermore, saturated fatty acids have been reported to be essential for biological activities of lipopolysaccharides and have demonstrated the ability to induce expression of COX-2 and NFκB (nuclear factor κB) activation.

Saturated fatty acids are of the form R-COOH 

where R = CH 3-(CH2)n - n being any integer greater than or equal to 1In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. Most of the natural fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms, because they are made up of acetate which has two carbon atoms.

Industrially, fatty acids are produced by the hydrolysis of the ester linkages in a fat or biological oil (both of which are triglycerides), with the removal of glycerol.

Many Americans consume little myristic acid because this fatty acid is found by coconut oil and dairy fats that many American don't eat, Myristic acid is an important fatty acid, which the body uses to stabilize different proteins, including proteins used in the immune system.

Specifications
Appearance        White powder to crystal
Purity(GC)        min. 98.0 %
Purity(Neutralization titration)        min. 99.0 %
Melting point        54.0 to 57.0 °C
Solubility in Methanol        almost transparency

Applications
It is employed as a flow Agent and emulsifier. Used in artificial orris fragrances. Employed as anionic/nonionic Surfactants in soaps and detergents.

Myristic acid — also known as tetradecanoic acid — is a saturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms that has many industrial applications.  myristic acid is a minimum 98-percent pure and obtained wholly from vegetable-based (palm oil) sources. 

Myristic acid has a wide range of uses in various industries and manufacturing processes. You can find it in foods and beverages, in which it is used as a flow agent and emulsifier. It is a surfactant in soaps, detergents and textiles, as well as an intermediate, internal or external lubricant in plastics. Isopropyl myristate, an ester of myristic acid, is used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal care products to promote absorption through the skin.

USES & APPLICATIONS
Surfactants and Esters: Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants for Chemicals, Textiles, Food, Soap & Detergent
Food and Beverage: Flow Agent and Emulsifier
Plastics: Intermediate, Internal and External Lubricant
Soaps and Detergents: Anionic/Nonionic Surfactants
Textiles: Anionic/Nonionic Surfactants
Personal Care: Emulsifier for Facial Creams and Lotions

Specifications
 
Appearance (Colour)        White
Appearance (Form)        Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 5% solution in Methanol        Clear
Solubility (Colour) 5% solution in methanol        Colourless
Assay        min. 99.5%
Melting Point        53 - 55°C
Sulphated Ash        max. 0.05%
Heavy Metals (Pb)        max. 0.001%

Myristic acid (14 carbon atoms) was discovered by Playfair L. in 1841 in the nutmeg that is the seed of the tropical tree Myristica fragrans, from which its name.
It is a saturated fatty acid (no double bond so in shorthand 14:0) member of the sub-group called long chain fatty acids (LCFA), from 14 to 18 carbon atoms.

Properties
Molecular weight: 228.37092 g/mol
Molecular formula: C14H28O2
IUPAC name: tetradecanoic acid
CAS registry number: 544-63-8
11005

Myristic Acid
In purified form it is white solid insoluble in water, with melting point at 53.9 °C (129.02 °F; 327.05 K) and boiling point at 250 °C (482 °F; 523.15 K) at 100 mmHg.

Other names
n-tetradecanoic acid
crodacid
n-tetradecoic acid
n-tetradecan-1-oic acid
1-tridecanecarboxylic acid
14:0

It occurs, as glycerol ester, in most animal and vegetable fats and oils.
In animal fats, such as meat, eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, and crustacean fats, it is present in small quantities, <1.5 g/100 g of edible portion (maximum content: 1.4 g/100 g of edible portion in eel, and 1 g in herring).
The exception is represented by the fat in dairy products, such as:
cheeses, especially the seasoned types (a good source is Parmigiano, with 3.4 g/100 g of edible portion);
butter, the richest source, 8.3 g/100 g of edible portion.
Among vegetable fats and oils, a particularly rich source is coconut oil, with about 17 g/100 g of edible portion.
In the other vegetable oils, only palm oil has concentrations that reach 1 g/100 g of edible portion, whereas it does not exceed 0.86 g/100 g of edible portion in margarine (it is absent in peanut butter).
It should be noted that nutmeg butter is 75% trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid (myristic acid predominates in the fats of the Myristicaceae).
In fruit, it is present in high amounts only in dried and fresh coconut, like Myristic acid, 9.5 and 5.4 g/100 g of edible portion, respectively.
It is present in small amounts in a few cereals (maize, 0.28 g/100 g of edible portion, is the richest one).
Uses in cosmetics
It is used as an ingredient in soaps and shaving creams, often in the form of Myristic acid, also named tetradecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with 14 carbon atoms (C14). It is found especially in coconut oil and palm kernel oil, which are vegetable oils very rich in myristic acid and Myristic acid. It is also found in large quantities in milk fat.
Applications :
Myristic acid is a 100% natural source material used in particular by the cosmetic industry and in many other applications. Myristic acid allows cosmetic oils to penetrate the skin more easily and help regenerate the protective function of the skin. It is an emulsifying agent, also used as a cleaning or perfuming agent. he esterester isopropyl myristate.sent in legumes.
Myristic acid is a saturated 14-carbon fatty acid occurring in most animal and vegetable fats, particularly butterfat and coconut, palm, and nutmeg oils.
Myristic acid is an oily, white crystalline solid. It is soluble in alcohol and ether, and insoluble in water.
Myristic acid has many uses including soaps, cosmetics, synthesis of esters for flavors and perfumes, and a component of food-grade additives.

Myristic acid is functions 
Cleansing : Helps to keep a clean surface
Emulsifying : Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
Perfuming : Used for perfume and aromatic raw materials
Extended Information        Myristic Acid is a non-toxic fatty acid that occurs natuRally in animal fats and most vegetables.
Palm oil and Coconut oil contain relatively high values.
It is used as a cleansing, surfactant and opacifying agent.
The saturated fatty acid Myristic Acid has 14 carbon atoms and when saponified becomes sodium myristate.
This product is NOT derived from any animal fats or oils. It is coconut/palm-oil derived
Myristic acid is obtained from the fractionation of a Myristic -type oil.
The product obtained has a melting point above 55 º C.
It is solid at room temperature, opaque white and with a characteristic odour.
Myristic Acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid found mostly in milk fat.
Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical use: Creams, lotions, lipsticks, powders, skin ointments, facial cleansers, body shampoos, soaps, etc. For the oil base.
Myristic acid has many uses, including the synthesis of esters for soaps, cosmetics, flavors, and perfumes, and a component of food grade additives.
Myristic acid was discovered in coconut, the seed of the tropical Myristica fragrans tree.
Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid member of the subgroup called long chain fatty acids.
Myristic acid is found as a glycerol ester in most animal and vegetable fats and oils. Mystic acid is mostly found in milk fat. Myristic acid is hypercholesterolemic and raises both LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations compared to oleic acid in healthy subjects.
Myristic acid delays gastric emptying. It can act as a trigger for the release of a hormone or hormone that can delay gastric emptying.
Myristic acid is used as an ingredient in soaps, cosmetics and shaving creams, mostly in the form of ester isopropyl myristate.
Myristic acid is safe as cosmetic ingredients in current use and concentration applications.
Tetradecanoic acid is an oily white crystalline solid.
Batch distillation (or thermal cracking) allows mixtures of fatty acids to be split into narrower cuts or even individual components, depending on the different boiling point properties of the ingredients.
The solubility of Myristic acid and myristic acid at 10 ° C in toluene is 400 and 100 times higher than that of stearic acid, respectively.
Myristic acid is indeed directly and specifically involved in the protein N-terminal myristoylation, which expresses the highly specific covalent binding of myristic acid by an amide bond to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of an increasing number of eukaryotic and viral proteins.
Myristic acid and myristic acid are saturated fatty acids. Their official names are dodecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid, respectively.
Both are white solids that are slightly soluble in water.
Myristic acid esters (mainly triglycerides) are only found in vegetable oils, especially coconut milk and oil, bay oil, and palm kernel oil.
In contrast, myristic acid triglycerides occur in plants and animals, particularly nutmeg oil.
Myristic acid is a 14-carbon-long fatty acid that can be found naturally in coconut, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and butter oil. Foam is used as a building cleaning agent.
Myristic acid Chemical Properties, Usage Areas, Production
Chemical properties Mystic acid appears as a white to yellowish-white solid, sometimes as a bright crystalline solid or a white to yellowish-white powder. It has a relative density of 0.8739 (80 ℃), a melting point of 54.5 ℃ and a boiling point of 326.2. The refractive index (nD60) is 1.4310. It is insoluble in water but soluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform.
Myristin contains about 70% to 80%, while other types of coconut oil also contain palm kernel oil.
Application
Myristic acid can also be used as a chemical agent for the synthesis of spices and organic substances.
Myristic acid can be used in the manufacture of emulsifiers, waterproofing agents, curing agents, PVC heat stabilizers and plasticizers, as well as spices and pharmaceutical raw materials.
Myristic acid is mainly used as a raw material in the production of surfactants for the production of sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerol fatty acid esters, ethylene glycol or propylene glycol fatty acid esters. It can also be used for the production of isopropyl myristate and the like. It can also be used for defoamers and flavoring agents. It can be used to prepare a variety of food seasonings, according to the stipulation of Chinese GB2760-89.
To prepare myristic acid, the methyl ester of mixed fatty acids or mixed fatty acid methyl ester from coconut oil or palm kernel oil is subjected to vacuum fractionation, obtaining myristic acid. For laboratory preparation, glycerol tris (tetradecanoate) is subjected to saponification with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, also acidified with hydrochloric acid to obtain free myristic acid. It can also be made from tetradecanol.
Use limit
FEMA (mg / kg): soft drinks 5.3, cold drinks 2.6 ~ 10, confectionery 4.1, baked goods 5.3, pudding class 0.10.

Explanation

D as tetradecanoic acid Myristic acid, called a, is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH3 (CH2) 12COOH. Myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid.
Myristic acid is named after the nutmeg Myristica fragrans. Nutmeg oil is 75% trimristine, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butter oil and is a minor component of many other animal fats. It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fat fraction obtained from the sperm whale.
Myristic acid is also co-translationally attached to the penultimate nitrogen terminal in receptor-associated kinases to allow membrane localization of the enzyme. Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to be included in the fatty acyl nucleus of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.
Ester isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medical preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.
Reduction of myristyl acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.
What foods contain Myristic Acid
Nutmeg oil contains 75% trimyristine, which is the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is 16% of coconut oil and palm kernel oil, 7-12% of butter, 2-4% of beef and lamb fat, 3% of salmon fat, 2% of lard. and less than 1%. chicken.
Myristic Acid and Cholesterol Levels
Myristic acid (C14: 0) raises LDL cholesterol concentrations slightly more than palmitic acid, the predominant saturated fatty acid in most diets.

Formation
Myristica fragrans fruit contains myristic acid
Nutmeg oil contains 75% trimyristine, which is the triglyceride of myristic acid.
Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butter, 8-14% in beef milk and 8.6% in breast milk and is a minor component of many other animal fats.
Myristic acid is also found in the rhizomes of Iris, including Orris root.
It also constitutes 14.49% of the oils obtained from the fruits of Durian type Durio graveolens.

Uses
Myristic acid is often added to N-terminal glycine at receptor-associated kinases to ensure membrane localization of the enzyme. Myristic acid has a high enough hydrophobicity to be included in the fatty acyl nucleus of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell.
In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.
Various "human epidemiological studies have shown that myristic acid and Myristic acid are the saturated fatty acids most strongly associated with average serum cholesterol concentrations in humans", that is, they are positively correlated with higher cholesterol levels and raise triglycerides in plasma by 20. Although some studies point to the positive effects of myristic acid on HDL cholesterol and thus improving the ratio of HDL (good cholesterol) to total cholesterol, it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by%.
Reduction of myristyl acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.
Tetradecanoic acid is a straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid found mostly in milk fat. It acts as a human metabolite, an EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long chain fatty acid and a straight chain saturated fatty acid. It is the conjugate acid of a tetradecanoate.

Preferred IUPAC name: Tetradecanoic acid
Other names: C14: 
Identifiers

USES
 General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses        
 Consumer electronic equipment of all types, including phones, computers, cameras etc.         
 Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
 Arts and crafts supplies such as painting, beading/jewelry making, scrapbooking, needlecrafts, clay, etc.        
 Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)         
 Relatived to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease)
 Subcategory of beverage, food for human consumption
 Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc)
 Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
 Insulating materials to protect from noise, cold, etc (such as used in homes or buildings), insulating materials related to electricity
 Related to products specifically designed for children (e.g. toys, children's cosmetics, etc)
 Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies) 
 Chemicals in cigarettes, or tobacco related products, or related to the manufacturing of tobacco products
 Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod 
 Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
 Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
 General construction (as opposed to those things labeled building_construction)
 Detergents with wide variety of applications; modifiers included when known
 Byproducts of disinfection processes
 Contaminants or byproducts in drinking water, such as drugs, pesticides, and radionuclides
 Pharmaceutical related
 Fillers for paints, textiles, plastics, etc
 Includes antifoaming agents, coagulating agents, dispersion agents, emulsifiers, flotation agents, foaming agents, viscosity adjustors, etc
 Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption

IUPAC NAMES:
MYRISTIC ACID
Myristic Acid
Myristic acid
myristic acid
Tetradecanoic acid
tetradecanoic acid