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N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE

N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is primarily used as a delayed-action accelerator in sulfur vulcanization of rubber.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is extensively employed in the production of passenger car tires, truck tires, off-road tires, conveyor belts, hoses, seals, gaskets, footwear, rubber rollers, vibration mounts, cable insulation, molded rubber goods, and numerous industrial rubber products.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is also used in the manufacture of heavy-duty engineering rubber components requiring high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, fatigue resistance, and long-term durability.


CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₆N₂S₂
Molecular Weight: 264.41 g/mol


SYNONYMS:
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, 2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide N-cyclohexyl-, N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine, Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulfenamide, Cyclohexylbenzothiazole sulfenamide, Rubber Accelerator CBS, CBS, Vulkacit CZ, Sulfenax CBS, Thiohexam, CBS, accelerator cz, thiohexam, C13H16N2S2, Accelerator CBS, n-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, SANTOCURE CBS, HIP4, curax, DURAX, 95-33-0, Thiohexam, Vulkacit CZ, Santocure, Sulfenax, Sulfenamide Ts, Accelerator CZ, Curax, Durax, Santocure Powder, Sulfenax TsB, Vulkacite CZ, Vulkacit cz/c, Vulkacit cz/k, Sulfenax CB, Santocure Pellets, Vulcafor CBS, Conac A, Conac S, Delac S, Ekagom CBS, Royal CBTS, Rhodifax 16, Vulcafor hbs, Soxinol cz, Sulfenax CB 30, Vulkacit c, Sulfenax cb/k, Nocceler CZ, Accicure HBS, Pennac CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide, Benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexylsulfenamide, N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine, Conac H, 2-Benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-, Cyclohexyl benzothiazolesulfenamide, Santocure vulcanization accelerator, 2-Benzenethiazolesulfenamide, N-cyclohexyl-, UCA53G94EV, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide, RefChem:189538, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfenamide, 2-(Cyclohexylaminothio)benzothiazole, Sanceler CM-PO, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazosulfenamide, DTXSID5020360, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide, CBTS, CBS, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide, NSC-4809, MFCD00022872, NCGC00159502-02, DTXCID50360, NSC 4809, Nocceler CZ, Accelerator CZ, Accicure HBS, Sufenax cb, CAS-95-33-0, SMR001798878, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide, CCRIS 4910, ACCELERATOR CBS, HSDB 2868, NSC 4809, EINECS 202-411-2, UNII-UCA53G94EV, BRN 0192376, AI3-16782, Vulkacit cz/eg, Perkacit CBS, Akrochem CBTS, Ekaland CBS, Sanceler CM-G, Banac CBS, Vulkacit CZ/EG-C, N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)cyclohexanamine, EC 202-411-2, SCHEMBL80270, 4-27-00-01867 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS004773968, MLS006010082, orb1217433, orb1298424, SCHEMBL9322940, CHEMBL1591074, S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine, SCHEMBL29658287, DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-, NSC4809, Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide, Cyclohexylbenzothiazolylsulphenamide, Cyclohexyl benzothiazole sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazoylsulfenamide, N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazyl sulphenamide, Tox21_111721, Tox21_202436, Tox21_302924, EBC-26371, MSK001857, AKOS003658709, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfenamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzthiazyl sulfonamide, DB14200, FC43991, HY-W020755, WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSM- AL6TJ, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolylsulfonamide, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide, NCGC00159502-03, NCGC00159502-04, NCGC00256366-01, NCGC00259985-01, AS-15575, DB-057577, N-CYCLOHEXYLBENZOTHIAZYL-SULPHENAMIDE, CS-0040170, NS00006793, T9037, E80913, SBI-0654655.0001, EN300-7402242, F986813, 2-(CYCLOHEXYLAMINOTHIO)BENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB], N-[(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]cyclohexanamine, Q4445828, BRD-K64191834-001-03-1, S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine, S-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)-N-cyclohexylthiohydroxylamine #, InChI=1/C13H16N2S2/c1-2-6-10(7-3-1)15-17-13-14-11-8-4-5-9-12(11)16-13/h4-5,8-10,15H,1-3,6-7H2


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) is one of the most widely used delayed-action sulfenamide rubber accelerators in the rubber industry.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is an organic sulfur compound with the molecular formula C₁₃H₁₆N₂S₂.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is milky white or beige powder.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is soluble in benzene, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, slightly soluble in ethanol and gasoline, insoluble in water.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (C13H16N2S2) is an organic compound.


At room temperature, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide appears as a white crystalline solid with no distinctive odor.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide belongs to the class of carboxylic acid derivatives due to its sulfenamide functional group and also exhibits characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons because of the presence of a benzothiazole ring structure.


The combination of these features makes N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide particularly interesting in both synthetic chemistry and industrial applications.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide was first synthesized in the early 20th century by chemists working on advancements in rubber vulcanization processes.
Although the exact year of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide's discovery remains unclear, historical records indicate that this compound emerged during the development of accelerators for rubber curing.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is typically synthesized through the reaction of 2-benzothiazolesulfinic acid with cyclohexylamine under controlled conditions, such as moderate heat and alkaline environments.
Industrially, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is widely used as an accelerator in the rubber industry to enhance the efficiency and speed of vulcanization reactions.


Beyond rubber manufacturing, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide finds applications in the chemical sector for producing various specialty polymers and coatings.
In terms of natural sources, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide does not occur naturally but can be prepared industrially from readily available starting materials like benzothiazole and cyclohexylamine.
Industrial preparation involves multi-step processes where reactants are carefully mixed and heated under specific conditions to ensure high yield and purity.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is a sulfenamide compound employed in chemical synthesis.
Stanford Advanced Materials (SAM) offers this product with a controlled production process that includes in-house chromatographic validation.
SAM's facilities perform quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography, ensuring batch consistency.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is prepared under strict laboratory conditions, reflecting a systematic approach in minimizing impurities and supporting consistent performance in synthesis reactions.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is a sulfenamide compound used in chemical synthesis processes, particularly in the optimization of vulcanization reactions.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide's defined molecular weight and high purity contribute to stable and predictable reaction kinetics.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide's crystalline structure allows for uniform dispersion in polymer matrices, reducing variability during cross-linking steps and enhancing overall process control in synthetic applications.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) is one of the important kinds of sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator, have an anti-incipient scorch and the big advantage of curingprocess rate fast two concurrently in natural rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is particularly suited for the furnace black sizing material that alkalescence is higher, variable colour and pollution are slight, and volume of production and the consumption of the most external CBS account for the 50% of thiazoles sulfuration chemicals total amount.


In recent years, along with China's radial development, the demand for accelerator N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide has also presented the longest trend.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is a rubber cure accelerator.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) holds a prominent position in the realm of organic compounds, finding extensive utilization in rubber vulcanization and as an accelerator in the rubber industry.


Derived from benzothiazole, a heterocyclic aromatic compound, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide manifests as a white, odorless crystalline powder.
The function of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide lies in its ability to expedite the vulcanization process of rubber compounds.
Acting as an activator, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide accelerates the cross-linking of rubber molecules, leading to the production of a robust and enduring rubber product.


Moreover, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide heightens the reactivity between rubber molecules and sulfur, facilitating a more uniform and comprehensive vulcanization process.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is a compound used in medium/fast curing of rubber, and is the most common sulfenamide accelerator.


USES and APPLICATIONS of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is primarily employed in sulfur vulcanization systems to provide an excellent balance between processing safety and curing efficiency.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide offers a relatively long scorch time followed by a rapid cure rate at vulcanization temperatures, making it particularly suitable for the production of tires and other high-performance rubber goods.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamidehas become an industry standard because it improves manufacturing safety while producing vulcanizates with outstanding mechanical properties, durability, and heat resistance.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is compatible with both natural rubber and many synthetic elastomers and is often used together with secondary accelerators to optimize curing performance.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is primarily used as a delayed-action accelerator in sulfur vulcanization of rubber.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is extensively employed in the production of passenger car tires, truck tires, off-road tires, conveyor belts, hoses, seals, gaskets, footwear, rubber rollers, vibration mounts, cable insulation, molded rubber goods, and numerous industrial rubber products.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is especially valued in tire manufacturing because it provides excellent scorch safety during mixing, extrusion, and molding while producing rapid vulcanization once curing temperatures are reached.
This characteristic allows manufacturers to process rubber compounds with reduced risk of premature curing and improved production efficiency.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide performs exceptionally well in natural rubber as well as styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), nitrile rubber (NBR), and other sulfur-curable elastomers.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is frequently combined with secondary accelerators such as thiurams or dithiocarbamates to achieve faster curing cycles while maintaining good processing safety.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is also used in the manufacture of heavy-duty engineering rubber components requiring high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, fatigue resistance, and long-term durability.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide contributes significantly to producing vulcanized rubber with excellent physical and dynamic mechanical properties.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide functions primarily as a fast-curing, delayed-action vulcanization accelerator in the rubber manufacturing industry.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is a rubber accelerator chemical.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.


N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is useful for the production of sulfur-modified chloroprene rubber.
Uses of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide: Accelerator in natural and styrene-butadienethiazole sulfenamide, Adhesives and cements, Antifreeze, Condoms and diaphragms, Culling oils, Detergents, Swimwear, Disinfectants, repellents, fungicides, Gloves, Grease, Leather shoes (insoles, adhesives, linings).
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is used Medical devices, Photographic film emulsion, Rubber, Rubber eyelash curlers, Rubber in elasticized under-garments and clothing, Rubber sheets and pillows, Shampoo, Soaps, Sponge makeup applicators, Veterinarian products like tick and flea powders and sprays.


-Chemical Synthesis uses of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide:
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is used as a vulcanization accelerator in rubber processing to achieve controlled cross-linking by leveraging its measured reactivity.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is applied as a facilitator in polymer modification systems to adjust the curing rate through its consistent chemical behavior.


-Polymer Research uses of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide:
Serves as a chemical intermediate in formulations for elastomer studies, assisting in the regulation of reaction kinetics through its defined purity.
Frequently utilized in experimental setups designed to study reaction mechanisms in organic compounds, enabling accurate reproducibility.


BENEFITS and CHARACTERISTICS of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide is recognized for providing an outstanding balance between processing safety and curing speed.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide's delayed-action behavior minimizes premature vulcanization (scorch), allowing longer processing times and reducing manufacturing defects.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide produces vulcanized rubber with excellent tensile strength, tear resistance, abrasion resistance, elasticity, resilience, and fatigue performance.

These characteristics make N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide particularly valuable for dynamic applications such as automotive tires and industrial rubber products subjected to repeated mechanical stress.
N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide exhibits excellent compatibility with many sulfur-curable elastomers and functions efficiently over a wide range of processing conditions.

N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide allows uniform cross-link formation, contributing to improved heat resistance, aging resistance, and dimensional stability of finished rubber products.
Compared with many ultra-fast accelerators, N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide provides greater processing flexibility while maintaining high curing efficiency.

N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide can be used alone or in combination with secondary accelerators to optimize cure characteristics according to specific manufacturing requirements.
Its excellent storage stability, relatively low volatility, and broad industrial acceptance have made N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide one of the most widely used sulfenamide accelerators worldwide.


PRODUCTION METHODS of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
The synthetic method of N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (CBS) mainly has sodium hypochlorite oxidization, Oxygen Catalytic Oxidation method, electrolytic oxidation, chlorine oxidation process, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method etc.
at present, oxidizing process has raw material and is easy to get, the advantages such as equipment requirements is the highest.
Product yield is high, and technique is simple and widely used by institute both at home and abroad.
This method is to carry out condensation with 2-benzothiazolyl mercaptan (hereinafter referred to as M) in the presence of an oxidizer with cyclohexylamine to generate N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide.


PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
Appearance: White to pale cream crystalline powder or granules.
Odor: Slight characteristic sulfur-like odor.
Physical State: Solid.
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₆N₂S₂.
Molecular Weight: 264.41 g/mol.
Density: Approximately 1.26–1.31 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Melting Point: Approximately 95–105°C.
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.
Flash Point: Approximately 190–210°C (closed cup, decomposition may occur).

Auto-ignition Temperature: Above 300°C.
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature.
Water Solubility: Practically insoluble in water.
Solubility: Soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, carbon disulfide, toluene and other organic solvents; slightly soluble in alcohols.
pH: Not applicable (solid).
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Approximately 3.9–4.5.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.
Thermal Stability: Stable at ambient temperature but gradually decomposes when strongly heated.
Moisture Sensitivity: Low; should nevertheless be stored in dry conditions.
Oxidation Stability: May slowly oxidize during prolonged exposure to strong oxidizing agents.

Decomposition Products: Sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and other sulfur-containing compounds may be generated during combustion.
Chemical Nature: Sulfenamide accelerator.
Reactivity: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Dust Formation: Powder may generate combustible dust under certain handling conditions.
Shelf Life: Good storage stability when protected from moisture, excessive heat, and direct sunlight.
Chemical Name: N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
Common Name: CBS
CAS Number: 95-33-0
EC Number: 202-411-2
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₆N₂S₂
Molecular Weight: 264.41 g/mol
IUPAC Name: N-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)cyclohexanamine

CBNumber: CB9360750
Molecular Formula: C13H16N2S2
Molecular Weight: 264.41
MDL Number: MFCD00022872
MOL File: 95-33-0.mol
Melting point: 93-100°C
Boiling point: 410.4±28.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.31~1.34g/cm3
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)

storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly), Ethyl Acetatae (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 0.59±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Yellow to Light Beige
Water Solubility: Insoluble
InChIKey: DEQZTKGFXNUBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 5 at 25℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE
CAS DataBase Reference: 95-33-0(CAS DataBase Reference)

FDA 21 CFR: 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: UCA53G94EV
EPA Substance Registry System: N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (95-33-0)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C13H16N2S2 = 264.41
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 95-33-0
Reaxys Registry Number: 192376
PubChem Substance ID: 87565678

MDL Number: MFCD00022872
Molecular Weight: 264.4 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 4.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 264.07549087 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 264.07549087 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 78.5 Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 244
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


FIRST AID MEASURES of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available


ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.


FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.


EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.


HANDLING and STORAGE of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.


STABILITY and REACTIVITY of N-CYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

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