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N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE

N,N-DIMETHYL-PARA-TOLUIDINE


N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine appears as a clear colorless liquid with an aromatic odor. Density 0.937 g / cm3 (Lancaster) and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. May release toxic vapors when burned.

CAS No. : 99-97-8
EC No. : 202-805-4

Synonyms:
N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine; N, N-Dimethyl p-toluidine; N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine; N,N,4-TRIMETHYLANILINE; 99-97-8; Dimethyl-p-toluidine; Benzenamine, N,N,4-trimethyl-; N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylaniline; nn dimetil para toluidin; n,n-dimetil-para-toluidin; n,n dimetyl para toluidine; 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline; N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine; N,N,4-Trimethylbenzenamine; Dimethyl-4-toluidine; p-(Dimethylamino)toluene; N,N-Dimethyl-4-toluidine; N,N-Dimethyl-p-tolylamine; p-Methyl-N,N-dimethylaniline; NSC 1785; p,N,N-Trimethylaniline; Dimetil-p-toluidina; p-Toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-; UNII-S8XC5939VU; Dimetil-p-toluidina [Italian]; 1-(Dimethylamino)-4-methylbenzene; 4-Dimethylaminotoluene; N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine, 99%; p-N,N-Trimethylaniline; CAS-99-97-8; Benzeneamine,N,N,4-trimethyl-; HSDB 8202; N,4-Trimethylaniline; nn-dimethyl-p-toluidine; dimethyl-(p-tolyl)-amine; EC 202-805-4; Benzenamine,N,4-trimethyl-; 4-dimethylamino-1-methylbenzene; 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, 99%; N,N-Dimethyl-p-methylphenylamine; N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine; N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, purum, >=98.0% (GC); Q2051705; W-100002; N,N-DIBENZYL-1,4,10,13-TETRAOXA-7,16-DIAZACYCLOOCTADECANE; 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, catalyst grade (for peroxide polymerization), >=98.5% (GC); 4,N,N-Trimethylaniline, puriss., catalyst for peroxide polymerisations, >=99.0% (GC); DMPT


N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine

N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used as a polymerization accelerator in the manufacture of bone cements and dental materials, in industrial glues, and as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis. Thus, there is potential for human exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine, an aromatic amine with a structural alert for potential DNA reactivity. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) is evaluating the toxicity and carcinogenicity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in male and female Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. To aid in the design and interpretation of those studies, we have investigated the excretion and tissue distribution of oral and intravenous (IV) doses of radiolabeled N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in these strains of rodents. A single low (2.5 mg/kg), mid (25 mg/kg) or high (250 mg/kg) dose of carbon-14 labeled N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine was administered. Excreta collected for up to 72 hr after dosing and tissues collected at sacrifice were analyzed for total radioactivity. Early studies were terminated at 72 hr. After a low IV dose to male rats ~100% of the dose was excreted and <2% was recovered in tissues at 72 hr. The high oral dose was acutely toxic to male mice. The same oral dose was not overtly toxic to male rats, and by 72 hr 86% of the dose was excreted and 2% remained in tissues. Subsequent studies were terminated at 24 hr to better understand the tissue distribution of radioactivity at earlier time points, which are more relevant to the interpretation of repeated dose toxicity studies. After the high oral dose to male rats ~18% of the dose was recovered in tissues and ~72% was excreted by 24 hr. In contrast, at the low and mid doses most of the radioactivity (~83-100%) was excreted by 24 hr and <5% remained in tissues. In summary, N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine derived radioactivity was rapidly excreted by rats and mice after a single oral or IV dose and no striking sex differences in N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine disposition were observed within a species. However, dose dependent differences in toxicity and disposition were observed. These data will be used to aid in the interpretation of safety/toxicity studies of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine conducted by the NTP.

Product Information of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine
CAS number 99-97-8
EC index number 612-056-00-9
EC number 202-805-4
Hill Formula C₉H₁₃N
Chemical formula 4-(CH₃)C₆H₄N(CH₃)₂
Molar Mass 135.21 g/mol
HS Code 2921 43 00

The metabolism of orally administered N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) in male F344 rats was investigated. The rat urinary metabolite profile was determined by analytical reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four radiolabeled peaks were observed, isolated, and purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and preparative HPLC methods. The 4 peaks were identified as p-(N-acetylhydroxyamino)hippuric acid (M1), N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine N-oxide (M2), N-methyl-p-toluidine (M3), and parent N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine. Metabolites M1 and M2 were identified by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods, including mass fragmentation pattern identification from both liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and from chemical analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Structural confirmation of metabolite M2 was accomplished by comparison with a synthetic standard. Peaks M3 and the peak suspected to be N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine were identified by comparison of their HPLC retention times and mass fragmentation patterns with authentic standards of N-methyl-p-toluidine and N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine, respectively. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine metabolism is similar to that reported for N,N-dimethylaniline.

IDENTIFICATION of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is a colorless liquid to brown oil. It has an aromatic odor. It does not dissolve in water. 

USE of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used to make acrylic resins and denture materials. It is used in the cement in most hip and bone replacements. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is also used to make dyes and pesticides, industrial glues, and artificial fingernail preparations. 

EXPOSURE of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: There is potential for widespread human exposure because of its use in dental materials and bone cements. If released to the environment, N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine may be broken down rapidly in air. It travels through soil. It may volatilize from moist soil and water surfaces. However, it will exist partially as an ion. Ions do not volatilize. This type of ion is not likely to leach. It is not known if this chemical is biodegradable in soil or water. There is a potential for buildup in aquatic organisms. RISK: Some people with dental materials and bone cements containing N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine have developed allergic reactions. In studies of rats and mice given N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine by mouth 5 days per week for 3 months, early deaths occurred at doses equal to or greater than 125 mg/kg body weight. In surviving mice and rats, adverse effects were found in the blood, nose, lung and liver. Cancer was found in studies of rats and mice given N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine by mouth 5 days per week for two years. In rats, liver and nose cancers were found. In mice, liver, lung and forestomach cancers were found. The California Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment announced in April 2014 that it intends to list N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine as known to the State to cause cancer. The U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the U.S. National Toxicology Program Twelfth Report on Carcinogens have not assessed the potential of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine to cause cancer in humans.


N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is an accelerator in the redox initiator-accelerator system used commercially to cure methyl methacrylate monomers. Polymerization is rarely complete.

N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is a high-production volume chemical with potential for widespread human exposure through its use in dental materials and bone cements.

N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine has been used in the preparation of acrylic denture materials for the past 50 years. It is used as the accelerator for the cement in most of the hip and bone replacements to activate the polymerization reaction at concentrations ranging from 0.7% to 2.6% . N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is found in industrial glues and artificial fingernail preparations and is used as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis. It has a shorter setting time (11.5 minutes) than some alternative accelerators.

Acryl resins used in dental practice are blends of poly(methyl methacrylated) particles and methyl methacrylate monomer, or copolymers of methyl methacrylate with styrene or other acrylic monomers. This blend is a slurry of high viscosity that is hardened by the free radical polymerization of the monomeric components. The hardening process is initiated by the decomposition of a small quantity of organic peroxides (1% to 3%; usually benzoyl peroxide) activated by the redox reaction with the tertiary amine. The tertiary amine, most often N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine, is the ingredient that induces the reaction giving rise to free radicals capable of initiating polymerization of the acrylic monomers. Polymerization is rarely complete.

Five commercially available bone cements were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for detecting the residual content of an accelerator, the amine N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine), after curing. It was found that the concentration of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in aqueous extracts decreases with time, being almost absent 7 days after curing. Differences were noticed among the cements; residual N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is higher in cements prepared with higher content of the amine. It is verified that N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine's toxic effect on cell cultures is dose-related; a delay in the cell replication cycle is induced in vitro. Damage is reversible, thus justifying the low bone cement toxicity that is clinically ascertained.

The use of solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the analysis of toxic components eluted from methyl-methacrylate polymer (pMMA) dental materials was described. Two pMMA composite resins, Yunifast and Acron, were analyzed. Yunifast was polymerized at room temperature, and Acron at 100 degrees-C. Each sample was then placed in equine serum at room temperature, and serum was replaced daily. The serum extract was subjected to SPE and HPLC, for methyl-methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine), and benzoylperoxide (BPO) (initiator and stimulator for the polymerization) analysis. Results showed that the MMA and N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine eluted was in the order of 10 to 100 parts per million. Almost negligible amounts of BPO and benzoic-acid were also eluted. A greater amount of these compounds was eluted from Yunifast, a more pliant material. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine showed greater elution than MMA. The hydrophilic portion of Yunifast was more cytotoxic than the hydrophobic portion, and contained BA and p-toluidine as major and minor components. The /study/ conclude that the rigidity of the material is critical to the extractable quantity, and recommend that both Yunifast and Acron be immersed in hot water before use in order to remove hydrophilic toxic compounds from these pMMA dental materials.

The National Occupational Exposure Survey, which was conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) between 1981 and 1983, estimated that 62,720 workers were potentially exposed to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in the workplace (NIOSH, 1990). There is potential for widespread human exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in occupational settings where bone cements, dental prostheses, industrial glues, and artificial fingernails are manufactured or used. Exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine may be a concern because of the possible release of unreacted chemicals from polymeric composites.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is a clear to yellow liquid with an aromatic odor; insoluble in water. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is an accelerator in the redox initiator-accelerator system used commercially to cure methyl methacrylate monomers. It is a high-production volume chemical with potential for widespread human exposure through its use in dental materials and bone cements. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine has been used in the preparation of acrylic denture materials for the past 50 years. It is used as the accelerator for the cement in most of the hip and bone replacements to activate the polymerization reaction. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is found in industrial glues and artificial fingernail preparations and is used as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis. 

HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: Toxic by skin absorption and inhalation. Short-term exposure effects are mostly hematotoxic (methemoglobinemia causing cyanosis, brain damage and renal insufficiency) and may be delayed. Exposure to high concentrations may lead to death. An acute cyanotic episode due to methemoglobinemia occurred in a 16-month old girl following the ingestion of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine (6 mg/kg of body weight ) used in the production of artificial fingernails. Administration of methylene blue was effective in the reversal of the methemoglobinemia. In vitro studies suggest that the activity of the compound was probably due to its biochemical transformation to the toxic metabolite p-methylphenylhydroxylamine. There is potential for widespread human exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in occupational settings where bone cements, dental prostheses, industrial glues, and artificial fingernails are manufactured or used. Exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine may be a concern because of the possible release of unreacted chemicals from polymeric composites. "Sniffing" glue is one possible means of exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine. Contact allergy to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine was reported in 3 cases among 22 patients with the burning mouth syndrome who wore complete or partial dentures. 

ANIMAL STUDIES of N,N-Dimethyl-para-toluidine: Under the conditions of the NTP 2-year oral gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in rats based on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in male and female rats, and increased incidences of nasal cavity neoplasms (primarily nasal cavity transitional epithelium adenoma) in male rats. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma (multiple), hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma in male and female mice, and increased incidences of alveolar/ bronchiolar neoplasms (primarily adenoma)in female mice. Administration of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine resulted in increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions of the liver and nasal cavity in male and female rats and mice; the kidney in male and female rats; the spleen and bone marrow in male and female rats and female mice; the lung in male and female mice; the forestomach in male rats and female mice; the mesenteric lymph node in male rats and female mice; and the olfactory lobe in male and female mice. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine also caused hematologic toxicity and increases in methemoglobin levels in male and female rats and mice (as measured at 3 months). N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine was tested in two independent bacterial gene mutation studies; both studies gave negative results in S. typhimurium or E. coli tester strains, with and without exogenous metabolic activation. No significant increases in the frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes were observed in peripheral blood of male or female mice treated with N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine by gavage for 3 months. Furthermore, no increases in micronucleated reticulocytes were observed in male mice treated with N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine for 4 days. Results of DNA damage (comet) studies yielded mixed results. No increases in DNA damage (measured as percent tail DNA) were seen in liver cells or blood leukocytes of male mice administered N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine by gavage once daily for 4 days. However, a small but significant increase in DNA damage was seen in liver cells of male rats administered 60 mg/kg N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine once daily for 4 days. It was also tested for structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in hamster V79 cells (micronucleus test, matched with an immunofluorescent staining for kinetochore proteins), and in vivo DNA damage in mouse and rat liver (alkaline DNA elution test). The results essentially indicate that the chemical is a chromosome damaging agent.

In two in vivo alkaline elution assays, Sprague-dawley rats were administered N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine via oral or intraperitoneal injection at up to 1080 mg/kg-bw for up to 24 hours. DNA fragmentation increased in liver cells to about 2.4 times the control at the highest dose only and suggested that N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine was weakly positive in this assay. Negative results were obtained when N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine was tested in Balb/c mice. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine induced chromosomal effects in these assay.

In a cytogenetic assay, Chinese Hamster V79 cells were exposed to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine up to 1.2mM without metabolic activation. Cytotoxicity was observed at 1.2 mM, where > 10% survival was estimated by colony formation. It is not clear if positive controls were used. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine induced chromosomal aberrations in this assay.

CONCLUSIONS Under the conditions of these 2-year oral gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity* of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in male F344/N rats based on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined), and increased incidences of nasal cavity neoplasms (primarily nasal cavity transitional epithelium adenoma). The increased incidences of thyroid gland follicular cell neoplasms may have been related to treatment. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in female F344/N rats based on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined). The occurrence of nasal cavity transitional epithelium adenoma was considered to be related to treatment. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in male B6C3F1/N mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma (multiple), hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma. There was clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine in female B6C3F1/N mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatoblastoma and increased incidences of alveolar/ bronchiolar neoplasms (primarily adenoma). The increased incidences of forestomach squamous cell papilloma in female mice were considered to be related to treatment. Administration of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine resulted in increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions of the liver and nasal cavity in male and female rats and mice; the kidney in male and female rats; the spleen and bone marrow in male and female rats and female mice; the lung in male and female mice; the forestomach in male rats and female mice; the mesenteric lymph node in male rats and female mice; and the olfactory lobe in male and female mice. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine also caused hematologic toxicity and increases in methemoglobin levels in male and female rats and mice (as measured at 3 months).


N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine's production and use as a polymerization accelerator in the manufacture of bone cements and dental materials, in industrial glues, and as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 0.178 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine will exist solely as a vapor in the atmosphere. Vapor-phase N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine does not contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is expected to have moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 260. The pKa of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is 5.63, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the neutral species from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil or water were not available. If released into water, N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1 and 10 days, respectively. An estimated BCF of 33 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Occupational exposure to N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is produced or used.

N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine's production and use as a polymerization accelerator in the manufacture of bone cements and dental materials, in industrial glues, and as an intermediate in dye and pesticide synthesis may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 260, determined from a log Kow of 2.81 and a regression-derived equation, indicates that N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is 5.63, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization of the neutral species of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 7.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its vapor pressure, 0.178 mm Hg, and water solubility, 455 mg/L. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Biodegradation data in soil were not available.

According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine, which has a vapor pressure of 0.178 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hrs, calculated from its rate constant of 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and, therefore, is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight.

The Koc of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is estimated as 260, using a log Kow of 2.81 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. The pKa of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is 5.63, indicating that this compound will exist partially in the cation form and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. A Kd value of 380 for sorption to monmorillonite has been reported.

The Henry's Law constant for N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is estimated as 7.0X10-5 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 0.178 mm Hg, and water solubility, 455 mg/L. This Henry's Law constant indicates that N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is expected to volatilize from water surfaces. Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as 1 day. The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as 10 days. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure.


About N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.

N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

Consumer Uses of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is most likely to be released to the environment.

Article service life of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.

Widespread uses by professional workers of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, adhesives and sealants, leather treatment products and laboratory chemicals. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development. N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur. Other release to the environment of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Formulation or re-packing of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants.
Release to the environment of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industrial sites of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, health services and scientific research and development.
N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.

Manufacture of N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which N,N-dimethyl-para-toluidine is most likely to be released to the environment.

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