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Naphthalene Sulfonate a colorless, water-soluble solid, it is often available as the dihydrate C10H7SO3H.2H2O.
Naphthalene sulfonate is one of two monosulfonic acids of naphthalene, the other being the more stable naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid.
Naphthalene Sulfonate is mainly used in the production of dyes.
CAS Number: 532-02-5
Molecular Formula: C10H7NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 230.22
EINECS Number: 208-523-8
Synonyms: naphthalene-1-sulfonate, 1-naphthalenesulfonate, alpha-naphthalenesulfonate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate(1-), naphthalenesulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, CHEBI:25474, BBL035531, BDBM50029034, STL428871, AKOS025261505, AQ-390/43296503, Q27109881, sodiumnaphthalene-2-sulfonate;2-Naphthalenesulfonicacid,sod;2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT [REAGENT FOR ION-PAIR CHROMATOGRAPHY] 98+%;2-NAPHTHALENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 99+%;Naphthalene-2-sulphonicacidsodiumsalt,tech.90%;2-NAPHTHALENESULFONICACIDSODIUMSALT,POWDER;Naphthalene-2-sulphonic acid sodium salt 95%;Beta Salt
Naphthalene Sulfonate induces various aggregates such as spherical and elongated micelles, tubular and rodlike aggregates, as well as vesicles, when added in to the aqueous solution of a gemini surfactant C12C2C12(Me) (1,2-ethanediyl-bis-(dodecyldimethylammonium bromide)).
Naphthalene Sulfonate has been studied as a solute to evaluate the performance of resin particles.
Naphthalene Sulfonate is an organic compound with the formula C10H7SO3H.
Naphthalene Sulfonate undergoes many reactions, some of which are or were of commercial interest.
Upon heating with dilute aqueous acid, it reverts to naphthalene. Fusion with sodium hydroxide followed by acidification gives 1-naphthol.
Further sulfonation gives 1,5-naphthalene-disulfonic acid.
Reduction with triphenylphosphine gives 1-naphthalenethiol.
Naphthalene Sulfonate is a synthetic aromatic sulfonic acid derivative of naphthalene, in which a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) functional group is covalently attached to the first carbon of the naphthalene ring system, giving it the chemical formula C10H7SO3− in its anionic form, and this specific structural arrangement imparts strong water solubility, high polarity, and anionic character, which allows the compound to act as a dispersing agent, surfactant, or complexing agent in various industrial, chemical, and research applications.
Naphthalene Sulfonates are characterized by excellent thermal and chemical stability, resistance to oxidation and reduction under moderate conditions, and the ability to form salts with alkali or alkaline earth metals, which enhances their versatility in aqueous systems, cement formulations, detergents, and dye dispersions, and enables them to interact with charged surfaces, metal ions, and organic molecules to reduce aggregation, improve solubility, or modify rheological properties.
Naphthalene Sulfonates are derivatives of sulfonic acid that contain a naphthalene functional unit.
A subfamily of compounds are the Naphthalene Sulfonates, which describes precursors to several azo dyes.
The alkylnaphthalene sulfonates are used as superplasticizers in concrete.
They are produced on a large scale by condensation of naphthalenesulfonate or alkylnaphthalenesulfonates with formaldehyde.
Also called water reducers, they improves the flowability of concrete (before it sets), which allows for high-strength, high-performance concrete and mortar with lower water-to-cement ratios.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodium Polynaphthalenesulfonate and Naphthalene Sulfonate are used in the formulation of makeup preparations including eyeshadow, mascara, blushers, foundations and lipstick.
Naphthalene Sulfonate and Sodium Naphthalenesulfonate enhance the water solubility of other cosmetic ingredients and help to distribute or to suspend an insoluble solid in a liquid.
Naphthalene Sulfonate also helps to keep the final product from separating into its oil and water components.
Naphthalene sulfonates can be used in a variety of applications.
Nease Performance Chemicals provides naphthalene sulfonates with excellent wetting and dispersing properties.
The Nease portfolio of Naphthalene Sulfonate includes products which vary in foaming tendency – from medium to low.
Additionally, they offer acid and base stability, hard-water tolerance, and high temperature stability.
Naphthalene Sulfonate is an industry leader in high-performance naphthalene sulfonates.
Several different series of naphthalene sulfonates are available to fit specific applications.
Naphthalene sulfonates can be utilized in water-based cleaners such as carpet shampoos, automatic dishwashing detergents, and industrial detergents, as well as in emulsion polymerization, photographic solutions, and agricultural formulations.
One grade of naphthalene sulfonate can also be used as a dispersant in many areas, which include textile chemicals, pesticide formulations, cements, emulsion polymerization, pigments and dyestuffs, and leather tanning.
In the chemical, textile, and pigment industries, Naphthalene Sulfonates serve as dispersing agents for dyes, pigments, and inks, providing uniform color distribution, prevention of flocculation or sedimentation, and enhanced solubility in aqueous systems, while also acting as wetting agents or emulsifiers in detergents, textile treatments, and industrial cleaning formulations, improving surface coverage, chemical compatibility, and cleaning efficiency.
Melting point: 172-173 °C
Boiling point: 391.58 °C
Density: 0.4 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere, Room temperature
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Form: Powder
Color: White to almost white
λmax: λ: 380 nm (Amax: 0.1); λ: 390 nm (Amax: 0.05); λ: 400 nm (Amax: 0.02); λ: 500 nm (Amax: 0.02)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 3659024
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H8O3S.Na/c11-14(12,13)10-6-5-8-3-1-2-4-9(8)7-10;/h1-7H,(H,11,12,13);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: YWPOLRBWRRKLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES: C12C=CC=CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2.[Na+]
LogP: 0.01
Naphthalene sulfonate is a water-soluble, anionic aromatic sulfonic acid derivative of naphthalene used extensively as a superplasticizer in concrete, a dispersant for dyes and pigments, a surfactant in detergents, and a chemical intermediate in research, valued for its thermal and chemical stability, polarity, anionic charge, and ability to modify solubility, dispersion, and flow properties in both industrial and laboratory applications, making it a critical functional additive in construction, chemical manufacturing, and materials science.
Industrially, naphthalene sulfonates are widely employed as superplasticizers in concrete and cement formulations, where their anionic nature and molecular structure help disperse cement particles, reduce water usage, improve flowability, and enhance the mechanical properties of hardened concrete, making them essential for high-performance construction, precast concrete, and infrastructure projects.
Additionally, they are used as dispersants in dyes, pigments, and inks, where they provide stable, uniform suspensions of insoluble particles, prevent clumping or sedimentation, and maintain color consistency and brightness, as well as in detergents, textile processing, and industrial cleaning applications, where they function as wetting agents, emulsifiers, or solubilizers to improve cleaning efficiency, surface coverage, and chemical compatibility.
In research and chemical synthesis, naphthalene sulfonates serve as building blocks or intermediates for more complex sulfonated aromatic compounds, ion-exchange resins, or water-soluble polymers, where their anionic sulfonate group enables strong interactions with cationic species, enhances solubility, and provides functional handles for further chemical modification, allowing chemists to design specialty materials, functional polymers, or charged molecular assemblies.
Naphthalene sulfonate, also referred to as naphthalene-1-sulfonate, 1-naphthalenesulfonate, or alpha-naphthalenesulfonate, is a synthetic aromatic sulfonic acid derivative in which a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group is covalently bonded to the naphthalene ring, giving the molecule strong hydrophilic and anionic characteristics that allow it to interact effectively with water, metal ions, and other charged species, making it highly valuable in industrial, chemical, and research applications.
Chemically, naphthalene sulfonates are stable under moderate thermal, oxidative, and acidic conditions, and they can readily form salts with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or organic cations, which enhances their solubility, dispersibility, and functional versatility in aqueous and non-aqueous systems.
This property allows them to act as efficient dispersants, surfactants, complexing agents, and stabilizers, preventing aggregation or sedimentation of particles, stabilizing suspensions, and improving rheological and flow properties in both liquid and solid formulations.
In the construction industry, naphthalene sulfonates are most commonly used as superplasticizers or water-reducing agents in concrete and cement mixtures, where their anionic and polar nature helps separate cement particles, reduce water content, improve workability, and increase the mechanical strength and durability of hardened concrete, making them critical for high-performance concrete, precast elements, large-scale infrastructure, and modern construction technologies.
Uses:
Naphthalene sulfonate may be used as an analytical reagent for iodine speciation analysis in urine using ion-pair reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (RP-LC-ICP-MS).
Naphthalene sulfonate is extensively used as a superplasticizer in cement and concrete formulations, where its strong anionic sulfonate groups adsorb onto cement particles, dispersing them effectively, reducing the amount of water needed, improving workability and flow, and ultimately enhancing the compressive and tensile strength of the finished concrete, which is essential for modern infrastructure projects, high-rise buildings, precast concrete components, bridges, and other applications that demand durable, high-performance construction materials capable of withstanding environmental stressors.
In the pigment, dye, and ink industries, naphthalene sulfonates function as dispersing agents that stabilize suspensions of finely divided solids, prevent flocculation, maintain color uniformity, improve brightness, and enhance compatibility with various solvents, making them crucial for producing high-quality paints, printing inks, textile dyes, and plastics with consistent color, reduced settling, and improved processing characteristics.
Naphthalene sulfonate is primarily used as a highly effective superplasticizer in concrete and cement formulations, where its anionic sulfonate groups adsorb onto cement particles, promoting particle separation and dispersion, reducing the amount of water required, improving flowability, and increasing the mechanical strength and durability of the hardened concrete, which is critical for modern high-performance construction, precast elements, bridges, and infrastructure projects that demand uniform consistency, high compressive strength, and long-term stability under variable environmental conditions.
In addition to construction applications, naphthalene sulfonates are widely employed as dispersing agents for pigments, dyes, and inks, where they stabilize finely divided particles in aqueous solutions or suspensions, prevent aggregation and sedimentation, enhance color uniformity and brightness, and maintain chemical and thermal stability during processing, making them essential for textiles, paints, printing inks, plastics, coatings, and other industrial colorant applications where consistent performance and appearance are required.
Naphthalene sulfonates also serve as surfactants, wetting agents, and emulsifiers in detergents, textile processing, and industrial cleaning formulations, where their hydrophilic sulfonate groups interact with water and their hydrophobic naphthalene rings interact with nonpolar substances, enabling enhanced solubilization of oils, greases, and other contaminants, improved surface coverage, and increased efficiency of cleaning, washing, or dyeing processes in both industrial and consumer applications.
In chemical synthesis and polymer science, naphthalene sulfonates are used as building blocks, intermediates, or functional additives for the preparation of water-soluble polymers, ion-exchange resins, specialty chemical intermediates, and chelating agents, where their anionic charge and solubility in water facilitate interactions with metal ions, cationic species, or other functional groups, enabling the production of customized polymers, advanced materials, and functional additives with controlled dispersion, stability, and reactivity.
Additionally, naphthalene sulfonates are applied in agrochemical formulations, environmental treatment processes, and industrial stabilizers, where their ability to disperse solid or liquid active ingredients, chelate metal ions, and maintain suspension stability contributes to enhanced effectiveness, shelf-life, and performance of pesticides, herbicides, water treatment chemicals, and other industrial products.
Naphthalene sulfonate is a versatile chemical widely used as a superplasticizer in concrete, a dispersant for pigments and dyes, a surfactant and emulsifier in detergents and textile applications, and a functional intermediate in polymer and specialty chemical synthesis, valued for its strong anionic character, solubility in water, dispersing ability, and stability under industrial conditions, making it an indispensable additive for construction, chemical, textile, environmental, and materials science applications.
Safety Profile:
Naphthalene sulfonate is generally considered low-to-moderately toxic, but exposure through inhalation of dust or aerosols, ingestion, or dermal contact can lead to irritation of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal discomfort, or skin and mucous membrane irritation, particularly if handled in high concentrations or over prolonged periods, and prolonged or repeated exposure may increase the risk of systemic effects, including liver, kidney, or hematological disturbances, emphasizing the need for proper personal protective equipment and engineering controls.
Direct contact with naphthalene sulfonate can result in mild to moderate skin irritation, redness, itching, or dermatitis, while accidental contact with the eyes may cause irritation, redness, tearing, or discomfort, especially in sensitive individuals, which underscores the importance of using protective gloves, goggles, and appropriate clothing in both laboratory and industrial environments.
Inhalation of dust, powder, or aerosolized naphthalene sulfonate may cause coughing, sneezing, sore throat, or mild respiratory irritation, and exposure in poorly ventilated areas or at high concentrations could potentially aggravate pre-existing respiratory conditions, highlighting the importance of adequate ventilation, dust extraction systems, and respiratory protection when handling the compound in bulk or during processing.
