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Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the air and is essential for life because it is a key component of proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and many biological molecules.
Nitrogen normally exists as dinitrogen (N₂), consisting of two nitrogen atoms joined by a very strong triple bond.
Nitrogen strong bond makes nitrogen relatively unreactive under normal conditions.
CAS Number: 7727-37-9
Molecular Formula: N2
Molecular Weight: 28.01
EINECS Number: 231-783-9
Synonyms: Nitrogen, Nitrogen gas, Molecular nitrogen, Dinitrogen, Diazyne, Nitrogen (N₂), Nitrogen (n2), Diatomic nitrogen, Nitrogen molecule, Nitrogen elemental, Nitrogen compressed, Nitrogen refrigerated, Nitrogen liquid, Liquid Nitrogen, Nitrogen (liquified), Nitrogen NF, Nitrogen, NF, NITROGEN Compressed, NF, Nitrogen [NF], MOL Nitrogen, Nitrogeno, Azote, Nitrogen-14, N₂, N#N, CAS 7727-37-9, EINECS 231-783-9, UNII N762921K75, UN1066, UN1977, INS No. 941, INS-941, E-941, E941, CHEBI:17997, CHEBI:25555, DTXSID4036304, DTXCID6015504, RefChem:6472, HSDB 5060, DB09152, CHEMBL142438, EC 231-783-9, Q2370426, Nitrogen, compressed [UN1066], Nitrogen, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) [UN1977], Nitrogen, ≥99.998%, Nitrogen, ≥99.999%, Nitrogen, Messer® CANGas 99.999%, N-trogen(enrichedair);NITROGEN(CRYOGENICLIQUID);nitrogen molecule;NITROGEN-MOLECULE;CUSTOM GAS MIX (CODE I-460);NITROGEN;NITROGEN STANDARD;NITROGEN STANDARD, (AS AMMONIA)
Nitrogen was discovered independently in 1772 by Swedish chemist Carl Scheele and Scottish botanist Daniel Rutherford.
Nitrogen was recognized first as an element by Lavoisier, who named it “azote”, meaning “without life.”
The element was named nitrogen in 1790 by Chaptal.
The name derived from the Greek name ‘nitre’ for potassium nitrate which contains nitrogen.
Nitrogen is a nonmetallic chemical element (symbol N, atomic number 7) that exists as a colorless, odorless, and tasteless diatomic gas (N₂).
Making up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, Nitrogen is the most abundant uncombined element on the planet and a fundamental building block of all living matter.
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens.
Nitrogen is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.
At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N2, a colourless and odourless diatomic gas.
Nitrogen forms about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, making it the most abundant chemical species in air. Because of the volatility of nitrogen compounds, nitrogen is relatively rare in the solid parts of the Earth.
Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, nonflammable gas that makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere.
Nitrogen improves atmospheric stability.
Chemically, nitrogen belongs to Group 15 of the periodic table and has the atomic number 7.
Although atmospheric nitrogen is relatively inert, it can be converted into reactive compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites through biological and industrial processes.
Nitrogen improves its usefulness in nature and industry.
Physically, nitrogen is a diatomic gas at room temperature and pressure.
When cooled below its boiling point of approximately −196°C, it becomes liquid nitrogen, a cryogenic liquid widely used in science and industry.
Nitrogen improves applications requiring extreme cooling.
Functionally, nitrogen serves as a raw material, inert atmosphere gas, coolant, pressurizing gas, and essential nutrient source after conversion into nitrogen-containing compounds.
Nitrogen improves its importance across numerous industries.
Nitrogen is best described as a stable atmospheric gas essential for life, industrial manufacturing, food preservation, and cryogenic applications.
Nitrogen is one of the most important elements on Earth because it is a fundamental component of amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), ATP, chlorophyll, and many other biological molecules.
Without biologically available nitrogen, life as we know it could not exist.
This improves biological function and growth.
Although atmospheric nitrogen is extremely abundant, most organisms cannot directly use N₂ gas because of its strong triple bond.
Nitrogen must first be converted into reactive forms such as ammonia, nitrate, or nitrite.
Nitrogen improves biological accessibility.
In the nitrogen cycle, specialized microorganisms perform nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, and ammonification.
These processes continuously recycle nitrogen between the atmosphere, soil, water, and living organisms.
Nitrogen improves ecosystem sustainability.
In liquid form, nitrogen exists at approximately −196°C (77 K).
At this temperature, many materials become brittle and biological activity effectively stops.
Nitrogen improves long-term preservation capabilities.
In cryobiology, liquid nitrogen is used because cellular metabolism nearly ceases at cryogenic temperatures.
Nitrogen allows long-term storage of cells, tissues, embryos, and genetic material.
This improves biological preservation.
In industrial inerting, nitrogen is preferred because it is inexpensive, widely available, chemically stable, and generally non-reactive.
It can safely replace oxygen in tanks, pipelines, and manufacturing systems.
Nitrogen improves process safety.
In petroleum and natural gas industries, nitrogen is used for pressure testing, pipeline purging, enhanced oil recovery, and tank blanketing.
Nitrogen improves operational safety and efficiency.
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, nitrogen protects oxygen-sensitive active ingredients from oxidation and degradation.
Nitrogen improves product stability and shelf life.
In laser technology, nitrogen is used in certain gas lasers and as an assist gas during laser cutting processes.
This improves cutting quality and equipment performance.
In additive manufacturing (3D metal printing), nitrogen atmospheres are frequently used to minimize oxidation during powder processing and fusion.
Nitrogen improves material quality and mechanical performance.
In aerospace applications, nitrogen is used to pressurize fuel systems, tires, hydraulic accumulators, and spacecraft systems.
Nitrogen improves reliability and operational safety.
Melting point: −210 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: −196 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.2506
vapor density: 0.97 (vs air)
solubility: At 20 °C and 101 kPa, 1 volume dissolves in about 62 volumes of water and about 10 volumes of ethanol (96%).
form: colorless gas
color: colorless
Odor: odorless, tasteless
Water Solubility: slightly soluble in H2O; insoluble alcohol
Thermal Conductivity: 0.02583 W/(m·K)
Merck: 13,6634
Henry's Law Constant: 6.4×10⁻⁶ mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃
Dielectric constant: 1.0 (20℃)
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: PROPELLANT
InChI: 1S/N2/c1-2
InChIKey: IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: N#N
Surface tension: 5.13 mN/m at 95K, 0.540 MPa
Nitrogen is the principal component of air.
The earth’s atmosphere constitutes about 78% nitrogen by volume.
Nitrogen also occurs as nitrates in several minerals such as Chile saltpeter (sodium nitrate), niter or saltpeter (potassium nitrate) and minerals containing ammonium salts.
Nitrogen is contained in many complex organic molecules including proteins and amino acids that occur in all living organisms.
Nitrogen makes up the major portion of the atmosphere (78.08 percent by volume, 75.5 percent by weight).
It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, almost totally inert gas, and is colorless as a liquid.
Nitrogen is nonflammable, will not support combustion, and is not life supporting.
Nitrogen combines with some of the more active metals such as lithium and magnesium to form nitrides, and at high temperatures it will also combine with hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements.
It is used as an inert protection against atmospheric contamination in many nonwelding applications.
Nitrogen is only slightly soluble in water and most other liquids, and is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
As a liquid at cryogenic temperatures it is nonmagnetic.
Nitrogen is shipped as a nonliquefied gas at pressures of 2000 psig (13 790 kPa) or above, and also as a cryogenic fluid at pressures and temperatures below 200 psig (1380 kPa) and -261°F (-163°C).
The nitrogen molecule (N₂) contains one of the strongest chemical bonds found in nature, the nitrogen–nitrogen triple bond.
Breaking this bond requires significant energy.
Nitrogen improves atmospheric stability and reduces unwanted chemical reactions.
In nature, atmospheric nitrogen enters biological systems through the nitrogen cycle.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert N₂ into ammonia, which can then be used by plants.
Nitrogen improves nutrient availability for ecosystems.
In agriculture, nitrogen is one of the three major plant nutrients alongside phosphorus and potassium.
Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are essential for crop growth and protein production.
Nitrogen improves agricultural productivity.
In industrial chemistry, nitrogen is used to manufacture ammonia through the Haber–Bosch process, which is one of the most important industrial chemical processes ever developed.
Ammonia serves as the basis for fertilizers and many chemicals.
Nitrogen improves global food production.
In food packaging, nitrogen is used as an inert gas to displace oxygen and reduce oxidation.
This helps preserve freshness and extend shelf life.
Nitrogen improves food quality and storage stability.
In electronics manufacturing, nitrogen provides oxygen-free atmospheres during soldering and semiconductor production.
This prevents unwanted oxidation reactions.
Nitrogen improves manufacturing quality.
In metal processing, nitrogen is used as a shielding gas during welding, heat treatment, and other industrial operations.
Nitrogen improves process control and material quality.
In cryogenic technology, liquid nitrogen is used because of its extremely low temperature.
It can rapidly freeze biological samples, foods, and industrial materials.
This improves preservation and cooling performance.
In medicine and biology, liquid nitrogen is used for cryopreservation of cells, tissues, sperm, eggs, and biological specimens.
This improves long-term storage capability.
In scientific research, nitrogen is used as a carrier gas, purge gas, and cryogenic coolant.
This improves laboratory operation and analytical performance.
Nitrogen is the seventh element in the periodic table and has the chemical symbol N and atomic number 7.
It belongs to the pnictogen group (Group 15) alongside phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth.
Nitrogen improves understanding of its chemical relationships.
The nitrogen molecule (N₂) is exceptionally stable because its two atoms are connected by a triple covalent bond (N≡N).
This bond is among the strongest known chemical bonds and requires substantial energy to break.
Nitrogen improves atmospheric persistence and chemical stability.
Nitrogen was first isolated in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford.
He identified it as a component of air that did not support combustion or respiration.
Nitrogen improved scientific understanding of atmospheric composition.
In Earth's atmosphere, nitrogen serves as a diluent gas, reducing the concentration of oxygen and helping moderate combustion rates.
Without large amounts of nitrogen, fires would spread much more easily.
Nitrogen improves environmental stability.
Uses Of Nitrogen:
Gaseous nitrogen has numerous uses in chemical, food, metal, and electrical industries.
Nitrogen is needed in commercial production of ammonia (Haber process) and in preparation of many nitrides.
It also is the starting material in making cyanamide salts, cyanides, and nitrogen oxides for producing nitric acid.
Other applications are in gas chromatrography, as a carrier gas, to provide an inert atmosphere in chemical reactions, to prevent oxidation reactions, to reduce fire or explosion hazards, and to dilute a reacting gas.
In the food industry nitrogen is used to prevent mold growth, spoilage from oxidation, and insect infestation.
Other miscellaneous applications of nitrogen gas include pressurizing cable jackets, preventing carburization in welding and soldering, inflating balloons, agitating liquid baths, and cooling catalytic reactors in petroleum refining.
Nitrogen has many uses.
Nitrogen is the second most commonly produced chemical in the UnitedStates.
Its chemical and physical properties, along with the five electrons in its outer shell,make it a versatile element that can react as a metal or nonmetal to produce numerous compounds.
Some of its uses are based on its inertness as a gas (N2) and its ability to be liquefiedto provide very low temperatures.
Nitrogen has many commercial and technical applications.
As a gas, it is used in heat treating of primary metals; blanketing of oxygen- sensitive liquids and of volatile liquid chemicals; the production of semiconductor electronic components, as a blanketing atmosphere; the blowing of foam-type plastics; the deaeration of oxygen-sensitive liquids; the degassing of nonferrous metals; food processing and packing; inhibition of aerobic bacteria growth; magnesium reduction of aluminum scrap; and the propulsion of liquids through pipelines.
Gaseous nitrogen is also used in pressurizing aircraft tires and emergency bottles to operate landing gear; purging, in the brazing of copper tubing for air-conditioning and refrigeration systems; the purging and filling of electronic devices; the purging, filling, and testing of high-voltage compression cables; the purging and testing of pipelines and related instruments; and the treatment of alkyd resins in the paint industry.
Liquid nitrogen also has a great many uses, among them the freezing of highly perishable foods such as shrimp, hamburgers, and chicken; deflashing of rubber tires; cooling of concrete; and the cold-trapping of materials such as carbon dioxide from gas streams (commonly used in this way in systems that produce high vacuums).
Nitrogen is used as a coolant for electronic equipment, for pulverizing plastics, and for simulating the conditions of outer space.
Other ways in which liquid nitrogen is used include: creating a very high pressure gaseous nitrogen (15 000 psig or 103 000 kPa) through liquid nitrogen pumping; in food and chemical pulverization; for the freezing of liquids in pipelines for emergency repairs; for low temperature stabilization and hardening of metals; for low temperature research; for low temperature stress relieving of aluminum alloys; for the preservation of whole blood, livestock sperm, and other biologicals; for refrigerating foods in local and long-distance hauling; for refrigeration shielding of liquid hydrogen, helium, and neon; for the removal of skin blemishes in dermatology; and for shrink fitting of metal parts.
Nitrogen is mainly used as an inert atmosphere gas, cryogenic coolant, chemical feedstock, pressurizing gas, preservation gas, and industrial utility gas because of its chemical stability and abundance.
In fertilizer production, it is used to manufacture ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate, and other nitrogen fertilizers.
Nitrogen improves agricultural productivity and food production.
In food packaging, it is used to displace oxygen and reduce oxidation.
Nitrogen improves product freshness and shelf life.
In cryogenic freezing, liquid nitrogen is used for rapid cooling and preservation.
Nitrogen improves temperature control and storage capability.
In medical cryopreservation, it is used to store cells, tissues, embryos, stem cells, sperm, and eggs.
Nitrogen improves long-term biological viability.
In chemical processing plants, Nitrogen is used for inerting, purging, and blanketing equipment.
Nitrogen improves process safety.
In electronics manufacturing, it is used to create oxygen-free environments during sensitive production processes.
Nitrogen improves product quality.
In pharmaceutical production, it is used to protect oxygen-sensitive materials.
This improves stability and quality control.
In oil and gas operations, Nitrogen is used for pipeline purging, pressure testing, and reservoir applications.
Nitrogen improves operational efficiency.
In metal fabrication and welding, it is used as a shielding or process gas.
Nitrogen improves oxidation control and material quality.
In laboratories, it is used as a carrier gas, purge gas, and analytical support gas.
Nitrogen improves instrument performance and experimental reliability.
Nitrogen serves the important function of diluent in the earth’s atmosphere, controlling natural burning and respiration rates that otherwise would proceed much faster with higher concentrations of oxygen.
Nitrogen is an important ingredient of numerous inorganic and organic compounds, including alkaloids, amides, amines, cyanides, cyanogens, diazo compounds, hydrazines, imides, nitrates, nitrides, nitrites, nitriles, oximes, purines, pyridines, and ureas.
In terms of high-tonnage production, the nitrogen compound NH3 (ammonia) ranks first with worldwide production exceeding 50 million tons annually.
Nitrogen is often called an inert gas, and is used for some inert atmospheres for metal treating and in lightbulbs to prevent arcing, but it is not chemically inert.
It is a necessary element in animal and plant life, and is a constituent of many useful compounds.
Nitrogen combines with many metals to form hard nitrides useful as wear-resistant metals.
Small amounts of nitrogen in steels inhibit grain growth at high temperatures, and also increase the strength of some steels.
Nitrogen is also used to produce a hard surface on steels.
Nitrogen is mainly used as an inert gas, cryogenic coolant, industrial feedstock, pressurizing gas, and preservation agent because of its stability and abundance.
In fertilizer production, it is used to manufacture ammonia and other nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
Nitrogen improves crop growth and agricultural productivity.
In food packaging, it is used to replace oxygen inside packages.
Nitrogen improves shelf life and reduces spoilage.
In chemical manufacturing, it is used as a raw material for ammonia, nitric acid, explosives, dyes, and many industrial chemicals.
Nitrogen improves industrial production capacity.
In electronics manufacturing, it is used to create oxygen-free atmospheres.
Nitrogen improves product quality and process reliability.
In metal processing and welding, it is used as a shielding and protective gas.
Nitrogen improves oxidation control and product quality.
In pharmaceutical production, it is used for blanketing, purging, and protecting sensitive materials from oxygen exposure.
This improves product stability.
In cryogenic applications, liquid nitrogen is used for freezing and cooling.
This improves preservation and temperature control.
In medical and biological storage, liquid nitrogen is used for cryopreservation of biological materials.
Nitrogen improves long-term viability of samples.
In laboratory and analytical systems, it is used as a carrier gas and instrument support gas.
This improves analytical accuracy and reliability.
In fire prevention systems, nitrogen is used to reduce oxygen concentration in protected environments.
Nitrogen improves fire risk management.
Nitrogen is mainly used as an industrial gas, inert atmosphere gas, cryogenic coolant, chemical feedstock, preservation gas, and pressure-control gas because of its abundance, stability, and low reactivity.
In fertilizer manufacturing, it is used to produce ammonia and nitrogen-containing fertilizers.
This improves agricultural productivity.
In food preservation and packaging, it is used to displace oxygen.
Nitrogen improves freshness and shelf life.
In cryogenic cooling, liquid nitrogen is used for freezing, cooling, and preservation.
Nitrogen improves temperature management and storage.
In biological and medical storage, it is used to preserve cells, tissues, embryos, stem cells, and reproductive materials.
Nitrogen improves long-term viability.
In electronics manufacturing, it is used to create inert atmospheres during production.
Nitrogen improves product quality and reliability.
In chemical processing, it is used for purging, blanketing, and inerting equipment.
Nitrogen improves operational safety.
In oil and gas industries, it is used for pressure testing, purging, and reservoir applications.
Nitrogen improves operational efficiency.
In metalworking and welding, it is used as a process gas and protective atmosphere.
Nitrogen improves oxidation control.
In pharmaceutical production, it is used to protect oxygen-sensitive ingredients.
This improves product stability.
In scientific laboratories, it is used as a carrier gas, purge gas, and support gas for analytical instruments.
Nitrogen improves measurement accuracy.
In aerospace systems, it is used for pressurization and inerting.
Nitrogen improves system safety and reliability.
Safety Profile Of Nitrogen:
Low toxicity. In high concentrations it is a simple as-p~h yxiant.
The release of nitrogen from solution in the blood, with formation of small bubbles, is the cause of most of the symptoms and changes found in compressed air illness (caisson disease).
Nitrogen is a narcotic at hgh concentration and hgh pressure.
Both the narcotic effects and the bends are hazards of compressed air atmospheres such as found in underwater dving.
Nonflammable gas. Can react violently with lithium, neodymium, titanium under the proper condtions.
Nitrogen is generally considered a low-toxicity gas, but it can present significant physical hazards because it can displace oxygen.
The primary hazard is asphyxiation.
Nitrogen is odorless, colorless, and tasteless, making oxygen-deficient atmospheres difficult to detect without monitoring equipment.
Nitrogen improves awareness of confined-space risks.
In enclosed areas, nitrogen can reduce oxygen concentration below safe levels.
This may cause dizziness, unconsciousness, or death without warning.
Nitrogen improves occupational safety awareness.
Liquid nitrogen presents severe cryogenic hazards.
Contact with the liquid or extremely cold surfaces can cause frostbite and cold burns.
Nitrogen improves cryogenic handling safety.
Raşid vaporization of liquid nitrogen can create large volumes of gas and increase pressure in sealed containers.
This may lead to container rupture or explosion.
Nitrogen improves pressure-safety awareness.
Nitrogen itself is nonflammable and does not support combustion, but it can still contribute to hazardous conditions by replacing breathable air.
Nitrogen improves hazard understanding.
From a toxicological perspective, nitrogen is not chemically toxic under normal conditions.
The danger comes from oxygen displacement rather than poisoning.
Nitrogen improves risk assessment.
Environmentally, nitrogen gas is a natural component of the atmosphere and generally poses minimal environmental hazard when released.
Nitrogen improves environmental understanding.
Nitrogen is a non-toxic but potentially dangerous gas whose major risks involve oxygen displacement, confined-space asphyxiation, cryogenic injury, and pressure-related hazards rather than chemical toxicity.
