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ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of VAM / Acrylic copolymer with PvOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.
ORP 7085 HM
CAS No. : 108-05-4
EC No. : 203-545-4
Synonyms:
Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars; VAM / Acrylic Copolymer; Vinyl acrylic copolymer; acrylic latex; polymer emulsion ; vinyl acrylic ; acrylic polymer emulsion ; akrilik polimer emülsiyon ; VA / Akrilik kopolimer; ORP 7680 SL; orp 7680 sl; ORP 7680 sl; Orp 7680 Sl;orp 7680 SL; 7680 SL; 7680 sl; 7680 Sl; VA / Acrylic Copolymer; VA/ACRYLIC COPOLYMER; va/acrylic copolymer; Va/acrylic; Vinyl Acetate; Vinyl Versatate; Acrylic terpolymer; VAM; Vinil asetat; Vinil asetat monomer; vinil; asetat; vinyl; acetate; VeoVa; acétate de vinyle; орп гидрофлекс; orp hidroflex; orp hidrofleks; Orp SL; ORP HİDROFLEX; orp SL; orp hidroflex; orp 7085 HM; orp7085HM; orphidroflex64; orpHM; orphidroflex; orp hidrofilex; orphidrofilex64; orp SL64; orp SL 67; orp SL 66; ORP SL 6; ORPSL6; Orp hiydroflex; Orp hydrofilexi; Orp SLi; Orp SLx; SL; SL; ORP HYDROFİLEX; ORP HİDROFİLEX64; ORP HYDROFILEX; ORP SL64; Orp hydrofleks; Orphydrofleks; Orphidrofleks; Orp hidrofleks; Orphidrofileks; Orp hidrofileks; Orphidrofileks64; Orphydrofleks64; Orphyrofleks; Orphidrofleks; 1-Acetoxyethylene; Acetate de vinyle; ACETATE, ETHENYL; ACETATE, VINYL; acetato de vinilo; Acetic acid ethenyl ester; Acetic acid vinyl ester; Acetic acid, ethenyl ester; Acetoxyethene; Acetoxyethylene; ESSIGSAEURE-VINYLESTER; Ethenyl acetate; NSC 8404; Ponal; SN 12T; UN 1301; ORP 7085 HM; UN 1301; Vinyl A monomer; vinyl acetate; VINYL ACETATE MONOMER; Vinylacetat; VINYL ACETATE; Ethenyl acetate; 108-05-4; Acetic acid ethenyl ester; Acetic acid vinyl ester; Ethenyl ethanoate; 1-Acetoxyethylene; Vinylacetate; Vinyl ethanoate; Acetoxyethene; Vinylacetat; Vinyl acetate monomer; Vinyl A monomer; Zeset T; Acetoxyethylene; Vinylacetaat; Octan winylu; Acetic acid, ethenyl ester; Acetate de vinyle; Vinyl acetate H.Q.; Ethanoic acid, ethenyl ester; Acetic acid, ethylene ether; Vinile (acetato di); acétate de vinyle; Vinylacetaat [Dutch]; Vinylacetat [German]; Vinyle (acetate de); ORP 7680 SL; Octan winylu [Polish]; Acetic acid, vinyl ester; Vinylester kyseliny octove; VyAc; NSC 8404; Acetate de vinyle [French]; Everflex 81L; ORP 7085 HM; Vinnapas A 50; Vinyle (acetate de) [French]; CCRIS 1306; HSDB 190; Vinile (acetato di) [Italian]; Acetic Acid Vinyl Ester Monomer; Vinylester kyseliny octove [Czech]; EINECS 203-545-4; UN1301; CH3CO2CH=CH2; Unocal 76 Res S-55; Vinyl ester of acetic acid; Unocal 76 Res 6206; AI3-18437; CHEBI:46916; L9MK238N77; VAC; Vinyl acetate, 99+%, stabilized; Vinyl acetate, analytical standard; Poly(vinyl acetate), approx. M.W. 170,000; Vinile; Vinyle; Vinile(acetato di); Vinylacetat(german); Vinyle(acetate de); Essigsaeurevinylester; Vinyl acetate H.Q; Vinyl acetate, CP; Ethenyl acetate, 9CI; ACMC-1BXJJ; Vinyl acetate, inhibited; Acetic acid ethylene ether; Plyamul 40305-00; C19309; Poly(vinyl acetate), approx. M.W. 100,000; A801803; Q377339; Vinyl acetate, stab. with 3-20 ppm hydroquinone; J-002050; F8880-1173; Vinyl acetate, inhibited [UN1301] [Flammable liquid]; Vinyl acetate, inhibited [UN1301] [Flammable liquid]; Vinyl Acetate contains 3-20 ppm hydroquinone as inhibitor; Vinyl acetate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Vinyl acetate, contains 3-20 ppm hydroquinone as inhibitor, >=99%; 85306-26-9; Resyn 2913; Resyn 28-2930; National Starch 28-2930; Vinyl neodecanoate crotonic acid vinyl acetate polymer; 58748-38-2; Vinyl acetate-crotonic acid-vinyl neodecanoate terpolymer; VA/Crotonates/vinyl neodecanoate copolymer; Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester, polymer with 2-butenoic acid and ethenyl acetate; Crotonic acid-vinyl acetate-vinyl neodecanoate polymer; Crotonic acid-vinyl acetate-vinyl neodecanoate copolymer; Acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 2-butenoic acid and ethenyl neodecanoate; Vinyl acetate, crotonic acid, vinyl neodecanoate terpolymer; 2-Butenoic acid, polymer with ethenyl acetate and ethenyl neodecanoate; ORP 7085 HM; Butyl acrylate vinyl acetate N-methylolacrylamide polymer; орп гидрофлекс; Vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate, N-methylolacrylamide polymer; 2-Propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with ethenyl acetate and N-(hydroxymethyl)-2-propenamide; 26428-41-1; Butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, methylolacrylamide polymer
ORP 7085 HM
ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of VAM / Acrylic copolymer with PvOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.
ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
White powder
Chemical composition
VAM / Acrylic Copolymer
Stabilizing System
PVOH
Residual Humidity
~1 %
Density (g/l)
525 ± 75
Ash Content % ± 2
11
Alkali Resistance
High
After 1:1 Dispersion with Water
pH
6.0 – 7.0
MFFT (°C)
7
APPLICATION AREAS
Tile Adhesives:
Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 7085 HM can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives fullfilling C1 & C2 requirements.
The recommended dosages:
C1 tile adhesives: 0.5 – 1.0 %
C2 tile adhesives: 1.0 – 3.0 %
Repair Mortars:
Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 7085 HM can be used between 1.0 – 2.0 % in repair mortar formulations.
PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE
Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 kg) or big bags (500 kg).
Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months.
ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.
ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7085 HM provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling.
APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7085 HM
ORP 7085 HM can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence.
PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP 7085 HM
Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags.
Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7085 HM has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery.
ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP 7085 HM performs very well in transverse deformation conditions.
APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7085 HM
ORP 7085 HM can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time.
In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP 7085 HM can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP 7085 HM is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP 7085 HM performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %.
PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP 7085 HM
Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags.
Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer.
Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery.
1.1. Product identifier
Product name ORP 7085 HM
Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer
1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against
Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars
The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement.
ORP 7085 HM is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP 7085 HM , an important industrial polymer.
1 Production of ORP 7085 HM
2 Preparation of ORP 7085 HM
2.1 Mechanism of ORP 7085 HM
2.2 Alternative routes
3 Polymerization of ORP 7085 HM
4 Other reactions of ORP 7085 HM
5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP 7085 HM
Production of ORP 7085 HM
The worldwide production capacity of ORP 7085 HM was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4]
It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5]
Preparation
ORP 7085 HM is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 7085 HM is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters.
The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6]
{displaystyle {ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{displaystyle {ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}
The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors.
Mechanism
Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP 7085 HM and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide.
Polymerization
It can be polymerized to give polyORP 7085 HM (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP 7085 HM (EVA), ORP 7085 HM -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent.
Other reactions
ORP 7085 HM undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions.
ORP 7085 HM undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers:
ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc
Toxicity evaluation
Tests suggest that ORP 7085 HM is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3]
On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP 7085 HM is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union.
It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.
ORP 7085 HM appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics.
At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP 7085 HM in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 7085 HM , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 7085 HM contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 7085 HM in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 7085 HM doubles to about 2 wt %
The/ fate of inhaled ORP 7085 HM in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP 7085 HM tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 7085 HM administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP 7085 HM /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP 7085 HM is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs.
Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 7085 HM (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP 7085 HM exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP 7085 HM deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 7085 HM to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 7085 HM exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 7085 HM exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP 7085 HM exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m).
Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 7085 HM (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP 7085 HM by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 7085 HM metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP 7085 HM is excreted as metabolites.
On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP 7085 HM yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP 7085 HM was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 7085 HM in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 7085 HM was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 7085 HM from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 7085 HM resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system.
Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 7085 HM (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 7085 HM and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 7085 HM or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP 7085 HM hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 7085 HM in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 7085 HM were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 7085 HM data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9).
The metabolism of ORP 7085 HM has been studied in animals ... ORP 7085 HM is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 7085 HM results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 7085 HM (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 7085 HM is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 7085 HM.
In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 7085 HM added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 7085 HM in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 7085 HM . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 7085 HM . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 7085 HM quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 7085 HM exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 7085 HM may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 7085 HM or its metabolites and enhance their elimination.
ORP 7085 HM is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 7085 HM metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP 7085 HM elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood.
Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 7085 HM through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 7085 HM exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 7085 HM induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 7085 HM in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload.
ORP 7085 HM is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7085 HM and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7085 HM ) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP 7085 HM is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers.
ORP 7085 HM has been used primarily to produce polyORP 7085 HM emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products.
PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : PolyORP 7085 HM accounts for about 48% of ORP 7085 HM monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : ORP 7085 HM monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP 7085 HM which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : ORP 7085 HM monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP 7085 HM which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB).
CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM . PolyORP 7085 HM emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP 7085 HM resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%.
CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : PolyORP 7085 HM emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP 7085 HM resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%.
PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 7085 HM Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP 7085 HM , 44%; polyORP 7085 HM , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%.
ORP 7085 HM , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP 7085 HM films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP 7085 HM films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP 7085 HM film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP 7085 HM films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP 7085 HM . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP 7085 HM content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP 7085 HM has satisfactory properties for medicinal use.
ORP 7085 HM is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP 7085 HM is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 7085 HM is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch.
ORP 7085 HM is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7085 HM and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP 7085 HM has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP 7085 HM in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP 7085 HM for carcinogenicity.
ORP 7085 HM shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP 7085 HM (427 °C) shall be used in ORP 7085 HM storage areas. The storage of ORP 7085 HM in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP 7085 HM shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7085 HM . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7085 HM . Overall evaluation: ORP 7085 HM is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP 7085 HM is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo.
Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP 7085 HM induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP 7085 HM was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP 7085 HM in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP 7085 HM -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP 7085 HM were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP 7085 HM during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP 7085 HM and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.8 sec in an exposure period of 2 to 5 min resulting in data during all phases of the breathing. The rate of sampling was rapid enough to capture much of the behavior of ORP 7085 HM in the human nasal cavity including inhalation and exhalation. However, the sampling was not frequent enough to accurately capture the peak concentration in every breath.
ORP 7085 HM 's production and use as a monomer for making poly (ORP 7085 HM) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, in the production of paints, sealants, coatings, and binders and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates ORP 7085 HM will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ORP 7085 HM is expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, ORP 7085 HM is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 60. Although leaching is possible, concurrent hydrolysis will decrease its importance. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is also expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. ORP 7085 HM may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Polymerization may occur in sunlight. Biodegradation of ORP 7085 HM may be an important environmental fate process in soil under both aerobic (51 to 62% biodegradation reached in 5 day BOD test using sewage inoculum) and anaerobic conditions (nearly complete degradation in 26 hrs); reaction products of acetaldehyde and acetate are formed under both oxygen conditions.
If released to water, ORP 7085 HM is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A 98% of theoretical BOD was reported using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Degradation by hydrolysis (half-life of 7.3 days at 25 °C and pH 7) and by photochemically produced oxidants will occur. Occupational exposure to ORP 7085 HM may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ORP 7085 HM is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ORP 7085 HM through inhalation and dermal contact with products containing ORP 7085 HM ; limited exposure may occur via ingestion from its use in chewing gum and tablet coatings. (SRC)
ORP 7085 HM 's production and use as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7085 HM ) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, in the production of paints, films, sealants, lacquers, coatings, food packaging, and binders, in chewing gum and as a tablet coating(1,2) and safety glass(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). ORP 7085 HM can be released to the environment from industrial sources and biomass combustion(4). Waste gases from scrubbers (generated during the industrial manufacture of ORP 7085 HM ) may contain trace levels of ORP 7085 HM (5).
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 60(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ORP 7085 HM is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ORP 7085 HM from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 90.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 20,000 mg/L(5). However, a hydrolysis half-life of 7.3 days (25 °C and pH 7)(6) indicates that hydrolysis may occur in moist soils and is expected to attenuate leaching in the soil column(SRC). ORP 7085 HM is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). ORP 7085 HM readily polymerizes; therefore, if ORP 7085 HM is released to the environment, polymerization may occur(SRC). Complete biodegradation of ORP 7085 HM occurred using a soil inoculum within 26 hours under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions; acetaldehyde and acetate were formed as reaction products under both oxygen conditions(7). This suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of ORP 7085 HM at 25 °C and pH 7 has been reported to be 7.3 days(1); the hydrolysis rate will increase as the pH increases(1). A second-order rate constant for the basic hydrolysis of ORP 7085 HM in water at 25 °C was reported as 4.25 L/mole-sec(2), corresponding to a half-life of about 2 days at pH 8(SRC). The hydrolysis rate at pH 4.4 has been reported to be minimal(4). The half-lives for olefinic structures in sunlit natural waters are about 13 and 8 days with respect to reaction via hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen, respectively(3). ORP 7085 HM does not absorb UV light above 250 nm in ethanol solvent(4), and therefore it may not be susceptible to direct photolysis in sunlight. ORP 7085 HM readily polymerizes(4,5).
The Henry's Law constant for ORP 7085 HM is estimated as 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C(1), and water solubility, 20,000 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that ORP 7085 HM is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.2 days(SRC). The Henry's Law constant of ORP 7085 HM indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ORP 7085 HM from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon its vapor pressure(1).
ORP 7085 HM was qualitatively detected in wastewater effluents collected from the advanced waste treatment facility in Lake Tahoe, CA in Oct 1974(1). A concentration of 50 ppm was detected in a wastewater effluent from a polyORP 7085 HM plant(2). ORP 7085 HM was identified in municipal landfill gas at an average concentration of 5663 ppbV(3). ORP 7085 HM emission factors (based on mass of fuel consumed) were measured in smoke condensates of Ponderosa pine wood (3 g/kg, smoldering; 0.05 g/kg, flaming), needles (2.0 g/kg, smoldering), bark (1 g/kg, smoldering; 0.5 g/kg, self-substained smoldering), litter (0.7 g/kg, smoldering; 0.5 g/kg, self-substained smoldering), duff (0.15 g/kg, smoldering; 0.3 g/kg, self-substained smoldering), and humus (not detected, detection limit not specified)(4).
ORP 7085 HM can be released to the environment from industrial sources and biomass combustion(1). Waste gases from scrubbers (generated during the industrial manufacture of ORP 7085 HM ) may contain trace levels of ORP 7085 HM (2). An emission factor of 6.22 ug/g ORP 7085 HM from extruded ethylene-ORP 7085 HM and ORP 7085 HM copolymer (28% ORP 7085 HM ) was determined experimentally at 435 °C under laboratory conditions. All low density polyethylene and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers with ORP 7085 HM emitted >0.01 ug/g ORP 7085 HM at 435 °C(3).
How is it produced?
The main production method for ORP 7085 HM monomer is the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen, in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The ORP 7085 HM is recovered by condensation and scrubbing and is then purified by distillation. A new manufacturing process, dubbed Leap, could offer large capital cost savings as a more efficient fluidised bed system replaces the fixed bed reactors currently in use.
The oldest means of manufacturing ORP 7085 HM is the addition of acetic acid to acetylene and this process is still used but not on a large scale.
How is it stored and distributed?
ORP 7085 HM monomer is stored in mild steel storage tanks and/or new or reconditioned steel drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks. It has a specific gravity of 0.933 and a flash point of -8° C (closed cup) and is highly flammable. It should therefore be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area that is free from the risk of ignition. For transportation purposes, it is classified as packing group II and hazard class 3 and it is an irritant.
What is ORP 7085 HM Monomer used for?
ORP 7085 HM monomer is mainly used in the production of polyORP 7085 HM (PVAc) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH or PVA). In fact, 80 % of all the ORP 7085 HM produced in the world is used to make these two chemicals. PolyORP 7085 HM is used in paints, adhesives, paper coatings and textile treatments, while polyvinyl alcohol is used in the production of adhesives, coatings, and water soluble packaging, and textile warp sizing.
ORP 7085 HM is also used to make polyvinyl butyral (PVB) which is used in laminated safety glass for cars and buildings. Ethylene-ORP 7085 HM (EVA) resin is also made from ORP 7085 HM and is used in the manufacture of packaging film, heavy-duty bags, extrusion coating, wire and cable jacketing, hot-melt adhesives and cross-linked foam. Other products made from ORP 7085 HM are ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) resins which are used as a gas barrier in multi-layered food and beverage packages, and as a barrier layer in automobile tanks.
