PRODUCTS

p-AMINOPHENOL

p-Aminophenol is used as a dye for textiles, hair, furs and feathers.
p-Aminophenol is also used as a photographic developer.
p-Aminophenol finds application as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals and dyes.

CAS Number: 123-30-8
EC Number: 204-616-2
Chemical formula: C6H7NO
Molar mass: 109.128 g·mol−1

SYNONYMS:
4-Aminophenol, p-Aminophenol, para-Aminophenol, 4-aminophenol, 123-30-8, p-aminophenol, 4-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyaniline, Phenol, 4-amino-, Paranol, 4-aminobenzenol, Activol, Certinal, Citol, Azol, Fouramine P, p-Hydroxyphenylamine, Rodinal, Ursol P Base, Benzofur P, Fourrine P Base, Pelagol P Base, Tertral P Base, Ursol P, Durafur Brown RB, Furro P Base, Nako Brown R, Renal AC, 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene, Fourrine 84, Phenol, p-amino-, Para-aminophenol, Zoba Brown P Base, UNAL, BASF Ursol P Base, Pelagol Grey P Base, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene, C.I. Oxidation Base 6, p-Aminofenol, C.I. 76550, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, DTXSID3024499, CHEBI:17602, CI 76550, R7P8FRP05V, 4-azaniumylphenolate, NSC-1545, DTXCID504499, BEAUTIFUL WOMANS HAIR LOVES COLORFUL BUBBLES HAIR DYE 5N NATURAL BROWN, 204-616-2, 4-AMINO-PHENOL, p-Aminofenol [Czech], NSC 1545, Aminophenol, p-, MFCD00007869, Paramidophenol, p-aminobenzenol, 4-amino phenol, 4-hydroxybenzenamine, p-Aminophenol [UN2512] [Poison], aniline, 4-hydroxy-, NCGC00090816-01, NCGC00090816-02, 4NL, CAS-123-30-8, CCRIS 4146, HSDB 2640, EINECS 204-616-2, Paracetamol EP Impurity K, UNII-R7P8FRP05V, paraaminophenol, Energol, Kodelon, Takatol, para aminophenol, AI3-14872, p-amino-phenol, 4-aminophenol B, para-amino-phenol, 4-hydroxy-aniline, para-hydroxyaniline, phenol derivative, 9, Furro P (Salt/Mix), Peltol P (Salt/Mix), Pelagol CP (Salt/Mix), Futramine P (Salt/Mix), WLN: ZR DQ, bmse000462, Epitope ID:117708, EC 204-616-2, Mesalamine EP Impurity A, 4-Aminophenol, >=98%, Buprofezin metabolite BF22, P-AMINOPHENOL [MI], SCHEMBL3424, CHEMBL1142, Durafur Brown R (Salt/Mix), MLS001066356, 4-AMINOPHENOL [HSDB], Pelagol Grey CP (Salt/Mix), SCHEMBL517919, SCHEMBL1028042, SCHEMBL1376724, SCHEMBL2435969, SCHEMBL9734828, SGCUT00256, 4-AMINOPHENOL [USP-RS], BDBM26195, NSC1545, BCP25857, to_000006, 4-Aminophenol, >=99% (HPLC), Tox21_113242, Tox21_113477, Tox21_201030, MSK000161, SBB059792, STK286017, 4-AMINOPHENOL [USP IMPURITY], 4-Aminophenol, technical grade, 95%, AKOS000119829, AKOS016371265, Tox21_113477_1, CCG-266045, DB14144, FA05467, SB40549, UN 2512, NCGC00090816-03, NCGC00090816-04, NCGC00090816-05, NCGC00258583-01, AS-54109, SMR000471841, ST088538, MESALAZINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], A0384, CS-0006652, NS00006730, PARACETAMOL IMPURITY K [EP IMPURITY], EN300-33645, C02372, P17510, 4-Aminophenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, AJ-333/25022099, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene;4-Hydroxy-1-aminobenzene, Q2548040, Z57127517, F2190-0438, 4-Aminophenol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C6H7NO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H,7H, Mesalazine impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 4-Aminophenol, 250 mug/mL in acetonitrile, certified reference material, ampule of 1 mL, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene 4-Amino-1-hydroxybnzene 4-Aminobenzenol 4-amino-pheno, 4-Hydroxyaniline, AZOL, CITOL, PARANOL, CERTINAL, C.I. 76550, 4-Aminophenol, P-Aminophenol, AMINOPHENOL-4, P-Amino phenol, para aminophenol, 4-Hydroxyaniline, Para-aminophenol, P-HYDROXYANILINE, C.I. Oxidation Base 6, 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene, ACETAMINOPHEN IMPURITY K, 1-amino-4-hydroxybenzene 4-Amino phenol, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene, 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene, 4-Aminobenzenol, 4-Aminophenol, 4-Hydroxyaniline, 4-hydroxy-1-aminobenzene, 4-hydroxybenzenamine, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, Activol, Azol, BASF Ursol P Base, Benzofur P, C.I. 76550, C.I. Oxidation Base 6, C.I. Oxidation Base 6A, Certinal, Citol, Durafur Brown RB, Fouramine P, Fourrine 84, Fourrine P Base, Furro P base, Kodelon, NSC 1545, Nako Brown R, PAP, Para-aminophenol, Paramidophenol, Paranol, Pelagol Grey P Base, Pelagol P Base, Phenol, p-amino-, Renal AC, Rodinal, Takatol, Tertral P Base, UN 2512, Unal, Ursol P, Ursol P Base, Zoba Brown P Base, p-Aminofenol, p-Aminophenol, p-Hydroxyaniline, p-Hydroxyphenylamine, 4-aminophenol, 123-30-8, p-aminophenol, 4-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyaniline, Phenol, 4-amino-, Paranol, 4-aminobenzenol, Certinal, Citol, Fouramine P, p-Hydroxyphenylamine, Rodinal, Ursol P Base, Azol, Benzofur P, Fourrine P Base, Pelagol P Base, Tertral P Base, Ursol P, Durafur Brown RB, Furro P Base, Nako Brown R, Renal AC, 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene, Fourrine 84, Phenol, p-amino-, Para-aminophenol, Zoba Brown P Base, UNAL, BASF Ursol P Base, Pelagol Grey P Base, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene, C.I. Oxidation Base 6, p-Aminofenol, 4-AMINO-PHENOL, NSC 1545, p-aminobenzenol, p-Aminofenol [Czech], Aminophenol, p-, C.I. 76550, 4-hydroxybenzenamine, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, Paramidophenol, CCRIS 4146, DTXSID3024499, CHEBI:17602, HSDB 2640, CI 76550, 4-amino phenol, UNII-R7P8FRP05V, EINECS 204-616-2, R7P8FRP05V, MFCD00007869, AI3-14872, NSC-1545, DTXCID504499, C.I. Oxidation Base 6A, EC 204-616-2, p-Aminophenol [UN2512] [Poison], aniline, 4-hydroxy-, NCGC00090816-01, NCGC00090816-02, 4-AMINOPHENOL (USP-RS), 4-AMINOPHENOL [USP-RS], 4-AMINOPHENOL (USP IMPURITY), 4-AMINOPHENOL [USP IMPURITY], 4NL, CAS-123-30-8, MESALAZINE IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), MESALAZINE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], PARACETAMOL IMPURITY K (EP IMPURITY), PARACETAMOL IMPURITY K [EP IMPURITY], paraaminophenol, Energol, Kodelon, Takatol, para aminophenol, p-amino-phenol, 4-aminophenol B, Amino-4-phenol, para-amino-phenol, Phenol, p-Amino, 4-hydroxy-aniline, para-hydroxyaniline, 4-azaniumylphenolate, phenol derivative, 9, Furro P (Salt/Mix), Peltol P (Salt/Mix), Pelagol CP (Salt/Mix), 4-hydroxy-1-aminobenzene, Futramine P (Salt/Mix), WLN: ZR DQ, bmse000462, Epitope ID:117708, 4-Aminophenol, >=98%, Buprofezin metabolite BF22, P-AMINOPHENOL [MI], SCHEMBL3424, CHEMBL1142, Durafur Brown R (Salt/Mix), MLS001066356, 4-AMINOPHENOL [HSDB], Pelagol Grey CP (Salt/Mix), SGCUT00256, SCHEMBL15663694, BDBM26195, NSC1545, BCP25857, to_000006, 4-Aminophenol, >=99% (HPLC), Tox21_113242, Tox21_113477, Tox21_201030, MSK000161, STK286017, 4-Aminophenol, technical grade, 95%, AKOS000119829, AKOS016371265, Tox21_113477_1, CCG-266045, DB14144, FA05467, SB40549, UN 2512, NCGC00090816-03, NCGC00090816-04, NCGC00090816-05, NCGC00258583-01, AS-54109, SMR000471841, 1ST000161, A0384, CS-0006652, NS00006730, EN300-33645, C02372, P17510, 4-Aminophenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, AJ-333/25022099, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene;4-Hydroxy-1-aminobenzene, Q2548040, Z57127517, F2190-0438, 4-Aminophenol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C6H7NO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H,7H, Mesalazine impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 4-Aminophenol, 250 mug/mL in acetonitrile, certified reference material, ampule of 1 mL, BEAUTIFUL WOMANS HAIR LOVES COLORFUL BUBBLES HAIR DYE 5N NATURAL BROWN, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene 4-Amino-1-hydroxybnzene 4-Aminobenzenol 4-amino-pheno, 204-616-2, AMINOPHENOL-4, AZOL, HYDROCODONE/APAP BITARTRATE IMP K, CERTINAL, CITOL, P-HYDROXYANILINE, PARANOL, PARA AMINO PHENOL, P-AMINOPHENOL, PARA AMINO PHENOL, aminophenol, AZOL, PARANOL, Energol, JAROCOL PAP, CAS:123-30-8, AMINOPHENOL-4, phenol,4-amino-, Mesalazine Imp. A (EP), Paracetamol Imp. K (EP), 4-Aminophenol, Mesalazine Impurity A, Paracetamol Impurity K, Phenol, p-amino-, p-Aminophenol, p-Hydroxyaniline, p-Hydroxyphenylamine, Activol, Azol, Benzofur P, BASF Ursol P Base, C.I. Oxidation Base 6, C.I. 76550, Certinal, Citol, Durafur Brown RB, Fouramine P, Fourrine P Base, Fourrine 84, Furro P base, Nako Brown R, Paranol, Pelagol Grey P Base, Pelagol P Base, Renal AC, Rodinal, Tertral P Base, Unal, Ursol P, Ursol P Base, Zoba Brown P Base, 1-Amino-4-hydroxybenzene, 4-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene, 4-Aminophenol, 4-Hydroxyaniline, p-Aminofenol, C.I. Oxidation Base 6A, PAP, UN 2512, 4-Aminobenzenol, Kodelon, Para-aminophenol, Paramidophenol, Takatol, NSC 1545, Furro P (Salt/Mix), Futramine P (Salt/Mix), Pelagol CP (Salt/Mix), Pelagol Grey CP (Salt/Mix), Peltol P (Salt/Mix), Durafur Brown R (Salt/Mix)

p-Aminophenol (or para-aminophenol or 4-Aminophenol) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC6H4OH.
Typically available as a white powder, p-Aminophenol is commonly used as a developer for black-and-white film, marketed under the name Rodinal.
Reflecting its slightly hydrophilic character, the white powder, p-Aminophenol, is moderately soluble in alcohols and can be recrystallized from hot water.

In the presence of a base, p-Aminophenol oxidizes readily.
The methylated derivatives N-methylaminophenol and N,N-dimethylaminophenol are of commercial value.
p-Aminophenol is one of three isomeric aminophenols, the other two being 2-aminophenol and 3-aminophenol.

p-Aminophenol is an amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.
p-Aminophenol has a role as a metabolite and an allergen.

p-Aminophenol has been reported in Camellia oleifera with data available.
p-Aminophenol is an amphoteric molecule and a reducing agent.
Aminophenols are intermediates in the synthesis of dyes and can thus be found in numerous cosmetics products, particularly hair dyes.

p-Aminophenol is considered a minor nephrotoxic metabolite of phenacetin and acetaminophen (paracetamol) in man.
p-Aminophenol can undergo autoxidations and metal-catalyzed and enzymatic oxidations in man to produce reactive oxygen species.
p-Aminophenol is a synthetic dye used in hair coloring; produced from coal tar.

p-Aminophenol, also known as 4-hydroxyaniline, is an organic building block.
p-Aminophenol's quantification in water samples upto the detection limit of 8×10-10mol l-1 has been proposed by employing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT)-nafion film coated glassy carbon electrodes.

p-Aminophenol is present as the main contaminant in pharmaceutical formulations of paracetamol.
High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with amperometric detection has been reported for its determination in various analgesic formulations.

p-Aminophenol has been reported to be formed from the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (Nip) under metal-free conditions catalyzed by N-doped graphene (NG).
p-Aminophenol is an amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group.

p-Aminophenol has a role as a metabolite and an allergen.
p-Aminophenol appears as white or reddish-yellow crystals or light brown powder.

p-Aminophenol turns violet when exposed to light.
p-Aminophenol is insoluble in water.

p-Aminophenol is a phenol produced by nitration followed by its reduction with iron.
p-Aminophenol is also known as , para-aminophenol, 4-Hydroxyaniline or PAP.

p-Aminophenol consists of a benzene ring with an amino group (-NH2) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to it in the para position.
p-Aminophenol has found its application in various industries and fields, thanks to its unique properties and reactivity.
p-Aminophenol is snow white to off white in colour and is moderately soluble in alcohols.

p-Aminophenol deteriorates when exposed to air, moisture or light.
p-Aminophenol is a white, yellow or pink crystals or crystalline powders.

p-Aminophenol is insoluble in benzene and chloroform.
Change to purple in light or open air.

USES and APPLICATIONS of p-AMINOPHENOL:
p-Aminophenol is used in rubber industry.
p-Aminophenol can synthesize p-phenylenediamine rubber antioxidant H, 4010, 4010NA, 4030, 4020, etc.
p-Aminophenol is used as a dye for textiles, hair, furs and feathers.

p-Aminophenol is also used as a photographic developer.
p-Aminophenol finds application as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals and dyes.
Further, p-Aminophenol acts as a final intermediate in the preparation of paracetamol.

The main and the most significant use of p-Aminophenol is for the manufacturing of Paracetamol, an analgesic and antipyretic drug.
In addition to paracetamol, p-Aminophenol is a key element in the synthesis of pharmaceutical ingredients and important industrial chemicals like Acebutolol, Ambroxol, Sorafenib and so on.

p-Aminophenol is used as a dye for textiles, hair, furs and feathers, and is also used as a developing agent in photography for creating black and white images.
p-Aminophenol acts as a corrosion inhibitor in paints and as anti-corrosive lubricating agent in 2-cycle engines.

p-Aminophenol is also used as a wood stain, giving rose-like colour to timber.
p-Aminophenol is one of key ingredients for synthesis of rubber antioxidants.
Moreover, p-Aminophenol is often used as a reagent for analysing metals like Copper, Magnesium, Vanadium and Gold, compounds like Nitrites and Cyanates, and antioxidants.

p-Aminophenol is suitable for use in the synthesis of 2,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy) benzonitrile [4-APBN], a monomer required for the preparation of series of polyamides and poly(amide-imide)s.
p-Aminophenol may be used as derivatization reagent to improve the ionization of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes by paper spray ionization mass spectrometry.

p-Aminophenol is a building block used in organic chemistry.
Prominently, p-Aminophenol is the final intermediate in the industrial synthesis of paracetamol.
Treating p-Aminophenol with acetic anhydride gives paracetamol.

p-Aminophenol is a precursor to amodiaquine, mesalazine, AM404, parapropamol, B-86810 & B-87836 (cf. WO 2001042204).
p-Aminophenol converts readily to the diazonium salt.
p-Aminophenol appears as white or reddish-yellow crystals or light brown powder.

p-Aminophenol turns violet when exposed to light.
p-Aminophenol is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes and other organic products and is mainly for the synthesis of paracetamol, clofibrate ketone, vitamin B1 and compound nicotinamide.

p-Aminophenol can be used for the production of Sulphur Blue FBG and weak acid dyes such as yellow 5G.
p-Aminophenol is the intermediate of pharmaceutical intermediates, dyes and other fine chemicals.
p-Aminophenol can be used for the production of paracetamol, azo dyes, sulfur dyes, acid dyes, fur dye and developer, antioxidants as well as oil additive.

p-Aminophenol can be used for gold assay as well as determination of copper, iron, magnesium, vanadium, nitrite and cyanate, antioxidants.
p-Aminophenol is an oxidative hair dye precursor.

p-Aminophenol is incorporated in oxidative hair dye formulations and in the bottle on the market at a maximum concentration of 1.8% and is typically mixed in a 1:1 ratio with an oxidative agent thereby reaching a concentration of 0.9% for in use application.
p-Aminophenol is used as a dye for textiles, hair, furs and feathers.

p-Aminophenol is used for the production of vulcanized blue FBG, weak acid yellow 5G and other dyes, the manufacture of paracetamol, antoamine and other drugs, also used in the preparation of developer, antioxidant, etc
p-Aminophenol is used as an analytical reagent, an antioxidant, an oil additive, a dye, a medicine, and a photographic developer.

-Pharmaceutical uses of p-Aminophenol:
p-Aminophenol serves as an essential intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, including paracetamol (acetaminophen).
Paracetamol is one of the most widely used pain relievers and fever reducers worldwide.

The synthesis of paracetamol involves the acetylation of p-Aminophenol, leading to the formation of the active compound.
Therefore, p-Aminophenol plays a crucial role in the pharmaceutical industry by providing the necessary building block for the production of this commonly used drug.

-API and dyes uses of p-Aminophenol:
Apart from its pharmaceutical applications, p-Aminophenol is used in the manufacturing of APIs.
Another key usage is that it is required in the manufacturing ofhair dyes.

p-Aminophenol imparts colour to the hair.
The exact colour obtained will depend on the other ingredients that are used in the preparation and the starting colour of the hair.

p-Aminophenol can also be used for the production of azo dyes, sulphur dyes, acid dyes, fur dyes and also as an oil additive.
p-Aminophenol can be used for the production of Sulphur Blue FBG and weak acid dyes such as yellow 5G.

p-Aminophenol can be used for gold assay as well as determination of copper, iron, magnesium, vanadium, nitrite and cynate, antioxidants.
The versatility of p-Aminophenol in hair dye formulations allows for a wide range of shades and colours to be achieved, providing consumers with various options for personal expression and style.

p-Aminophenol also works as a photographic developer(marketed under the name Rodinal) and a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals.
p-Aminophenol acts as a corrosion inhibitor in paints and as anti-corrosion lubricating agent in 2-cycle engine fuels.
p-Aminophenol also provides a rose like colour to timber.

-Polymers use of p-Aminophenol:
Furthermore, p-Aminophenol has proven to be valuable in the realm of polymer chemistry.
p-Aminophenol is utilized as a monomer in the production of polymeric materials, such as polyimides and polyamides.
These polymers exhibit exceptional thermal stability and mechanical strength, making them suitable for a range of applications.

p-Aminophenol's reactivity and ability to form strong chemical bonds contribute to the excellent properties of the resulting polymers.
This makes p-Aminophenol an essential component in the synthesis of high-performance materials used in industries such as aerospace, electronics, and automotive.

-Analytical chemistry uses of p-Aminophenol:
In addition to its industrial applications, p-Aminophenol also finds utility in analytical chemistry.
p-Aminophenol is often employed as a reagent for the determination of various compounds through colorimetric assays.
p-Aminophenol can undergo specific reactions with target analytes, resulting in the formation of coloured complexes.

These colour changes can be measured using spectrophotometry, allowing for the quantification of the analyte of interest.
Such analytical methods utilizing p-Aminophenol as a reagent have been applied in fields like environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and food safety.

-p-Aminophenol is used in the medicine industry:
As a pharmaceutical intermediate, p-Aminophenol can be used in the synthesis of paracetamol (acetaminophen), propanolol (acetaminophen salicylate), propanolol, complex nicotinamide, liuamphenol, antamine, vitamin B1 and other drugs.

-p-Aminophenol is used in other industries:
p-Aminophenol has a strong reductive property.
In the synthesis of other fine and special chemicals, p-Aminophenol can be used to synthesize 4- (n-methylamine) phenol and its salts, which can be used as a photographic developer, and can inhibit the corrosion of steel by chloride-containing acid solution, and can be used as an intermediate of hair dye.
The synthesized 4-aniline phenol can be used as an antioxidant for petroleum and lubricating oil and as an inhibitor of vinyl monomer polymerization.

PREPARATION of p-AMINOPHENOL:
5 g of phenylhydroxylamine are slowly added to 100 ml of 50% sulphuric acid, cooled in a freezing mixture, 500 ml of water poured in, and the whole boiled until a sample, tested with chromic acid solution, gives a smell of quinone and no smell of nitrobenzene.

The liquid is neutralised with sodium bicarbonate, saturated with common salt, and extracted with ether.
The ether is removed by evaporation, and the residue washed with cold water and dissolved in hot water.

The solution is filtered hot, and cooled, and the p-Aminophenol again extracted with ether.
Yield almost theoretical.
p-Aminophenol is a colourless crystals; somewhat soluble in water; m.p. 185° C.

SOLUBILITY of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Here are some key points regarding its solubility:

*Water Solubility:
p-Aminophenol is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of around 1 g/100 mL at room temperature.
This characteristic makes p-Aminophenol suitable for several applications where aqueous solutions are required.

*Solvent Compatibility:
p-Aminophenol exhibits good solubility in organic solvents such as:
Ethanol
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Acetone

*Impact of pH:
The solubility of p-Aminophenol can also be affected by the pH of the solution, as it has both amino and hydroxyl functional groups that may ionize or form hydrogen bonds under different conditions.

In summary, while p-Aminophenol shows moderate solubility in water, its compatibility with various organic solvents enhances its usefulness in pharmacological and chemical applications.
Understanding its solubility behavior is crucial for optimizing p-Aminophenol's use in different formulations.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
p-Aminophenol is a white or light yellow-brown crystals.
p-Aminophenol is slightly soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in benzene and chloroform.
p-Aminophenol will quickly exhibit brown color after being dissolved in alkaline solution.

INTERESTING FACTS of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Interesting Facts about p-Aminophenol
p-Aminophenol, recognized by its IUPAC name, is a versatile organic compound that plays a significant role in various applications.
p-Aminophenol is an aromatic amine, featuring an amino group attached to a phenolic ring, and it is primarily used as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Here are some fascinating insights about p-Aminophenol:
*Pharmaceutical Industry:
p-Aminophenol is known for its role in the synthesis of paracetamol (acetaminophen), a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug.

*Dyes and Pigments:
p-Aminophenol serves as a precursor in manufacturing azo dyes, imparting vibrant colors to textiles and other materials.

*Photography:
p-Aminophenol is utilized in photographic developers, aiding in the production of high-quality images by enhancing contrast.

*Safety Precautions:
It is important to handle p-Aminophenol with care as it can pose risks associated with exposure.
Ensure the use of proper protective equipment when working with this compound.

In addition to these applications, it's fascinating to note that p-Aminophenol also demonstrates antioxidant properties, making it an area of interest for further research in health-related fields.

As a molecule, p-Aminophenol's chemical structure showcases a delightful synergy between aromaticity and functional reactivity, making it a staple study component in organic chemistry courses.

Overall, p-Aminophenol stands as a testament to the intricate relationships between chemical properties and their practical applications in daily life, reflecting the essential role of chemistry in technological advancement.

PREPARATION of p-AMINOPHENOL:
*From phenol
p-Aminophenol is produced from phenol by nitration followed by reduction with iron.
Alternatively, the partial hydrogenation of nitrobenzene affords phenylhydroxylamine, which rearranges primarily to p-Aminophenol (Bamberger rearrangement).

C6H5NO2 + 2 H2 → C6H5NHOH + H2O
C6H5NHOH → HOC6H4NH2
From nitrobenzene
It can be produced from nitrobenzene by electrolytic conversion to phenylhydroxylamine, which spontaneously rearranges to p-Aminophenol.

*From 4-nitrophenol
4-nitrophenol can be reduced through a variety of methods, to yield p-Aminophenol.
One method involves hydrogenation over a Raney Nickel catalyst.
A second method involves selective reduction of the nitro group by Tin(II) Chloride in anhydrous ethanol or ethyl ethanoate.

PURIFICATION METHODS of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Crystallise p-Aminophenol from EtOH, then water, excluding oxygen.
p-Aminophenol sublimes at 110o/0.3mm.
p-Aminophenol has been purified by chromatography on alumina with a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of absolute EtOH/*benzene as eluent.

FUNCTIONS (INCI) of p-AMINOPHENOL:
*Hair dyeing :
Colors the hair

p-AMINOPHENOL IS PRESENT IN:
This ingredient is present in 0.53% of cosmetics.
Men's hair colouring (48.15%)
Hair colouring (32.49%)

APPEARENCE of p-AMINOPHENOL:
p-Aminophenol appears as a white to light brown solid crystalline powder.
p-Aminophenol can have a faint, sweetish, and somewhat medicinal odor.
p-Aminophenol exhibits good crystallinity and is often used in the form of crystals or crystalline powder in various applications.

COMMENT ON SOLUBILITY of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Solubility of p-Aminophenol (C6H7NO)
p-Aminophenol is a versatile organic compound notable for its solubility profiles in various solvents.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
*Character
p-Aminophenol is a white or light yellow-brown crystal.
melting point of p-Aminophenol is 186~187 ℃
boiling point of p-Aminophenol is 110 ℃

*solubility:
p-Aminophenol is slightly soluble in water and ethanol, insoluble in benzene and chloroform, and quickly brown when dissolved in alkali.
p-Aminophenol is soluble in acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetone, hot water, dimethylsulfoxide and alkalies.
p-Aminophenol is slightly soluble in toluene, diethyl ether, ethanol, trifluoroacetic acid and cold water.
p-Aminophenol is insoluble in benzene and chloroform.

NOTES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
p-Aminophenol is incompatible with acids, chloroformates and strong oxidizing agents.

DERIVATIVES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
These derivatives possess analgesic and antipyretic action, but lack anti-inﬂammatory effects.
Acetanilide was introduced into the therapy in 1886 as an antipyretic–analgesic agent.
However, it was subsequently found to be too toxic, having been associated with methemaglobinemia and jaundice.

Phenacetin was introduced in the following year and was widely used but was withdrawn recently because of its nephrotoxicity. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) was introduced in 1893 and it remains the only useful agent of this group used as an antipyretic and an analgesic agent.

*Metabolism of para aminophenol derivatives:
These drugs undergo hydrolysis to yield aniline derivatives that produce directly or through their conversion to hydroxylamine derivatives, such as Acetaminophen that undergoes rapid ﬁrst pass metabolism in the GIT to o-sulphate conjugate.

The N-hydroxylamine is then converted into a reactive toxic metabolite, acetiminoquinone, which produce toxicity to the kidney and liver in conjugation with hepatic glutathione to form mercapturic acid or cysteine conjugates.
p-Aminophenol can be widely used in the synthesis of medicine, dyes, rubber additives, photosensitive materials, oil antioxidants, hair dyes, vinyl monomer polymerization inhibitors and many other fine chemicals.

PREPARATION METHOD of p-AMINOPHENOL:
The p-nitrophenol may be reduced by adding iron in hydrochloric acid.

PREPARATION of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Conventionally p-Aminophenol was manufactured using iron-acid reduction of p-nitrobenzene.
Reduction using iron-acid is a multi-step process.

The modern method is the catalytic dehydrogenation of nitrobenzene to p-Aminophenol using a noble metal catalyst in the presence of an acidic medium.
This method also produces aniline as a side-product.

The advantage of a reduction using a noble metal catalyst is that p-Aminophenol involves a single step reaction, an environment friendly and more efficient process, as there is no evolution of an environmentally harmful gas.
Moreover, the side-product aniline is also a valuable chemical.

WHAT IS IT?
p-Aminophenol is an off-white crystalline solid.
m- and o-Aminophenol occur as an off-white to gray-green solid, and a white to tan crystalline solid, respectively.
In cosmetics and personal care products, p-, m- and o-Aminophenol are used in the formulation of permanent hair dyes, colors and tints.

WHY IS IT USED?
p-, m- and o-Aminophenols impart color to hair.
The exact color obtained will depend on the other ingredients that are used in the preparation and the starting color of the hair.

SCIENTIFIC FACTS
p-Aminophenol, m-Aminophenol and o-Aminophenol are used in permanent hair coloring systems where color is produced inside the hair fiber.
This is accomplished through careful formulation of p-Aminophenol so that the ingredients interact in a highly controlled process.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
Chemical formula: C6H7NO
Molar mass: 109.128 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless to reddish-yellow crystals
Density: 1.13 g/cm3
Melting point: 187.5 °C (369.5 °F; 460.6 K)
Boiling point: 284 °C (543 °F; 557 K)
Solubility in water: 1.5 g/100 mL
Solubility: Very soluble in dimethylsulfoxide
Solubility: Soluble in acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and acetone
Solubility: Slightly soluble in toluene, diethyl ether, and ethanol
Solubility: Negligible solubility in benzene and chloroform

log P: 0.04
Acidity (pKa): 5.48 (amino; H2O)
Acidity (pKa): 10.30 (phenol; H2O)
Structure:
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
Molecular Weight: 109.13 g/mol
XLogP3: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 109.052763847 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 109.052763847 Da

Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 66.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Linear Formula: H2NC6H4OH
CAS Number: 123-30-8
Molecular Weight: 109.13
Beilstein: 385836
EC Number: 204-616-2
MDL number: MFCD00007869
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
PubChem Substance ID: 24891177
NACRES: NA.22
Physical state: powder
Color: beige
Odor: phenol-like

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 185 - 189 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 284 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: 1.000 g/l at 25 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water
log Pow: ca.-0,09 at 25 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,287 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density:
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:

Surface tension: 61,13 mN/m at 1 at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 7,97 at 25 °C
Melting point: 188 °C
Boiling point: 284 °C
Density: 1.29
Vapor pressure: 0.4 hPa (110 °C)
Refractive index: 1.5444 (estimate)
Flash point: 189 °C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C

Solubility: water: slightly soluble
Form: Crystalline Powder
pKa: 5.48, 10.30(at 25℃)
Color: White to cream
Water Solubility: 1.5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Decomposition: 284 °C
Merck: 14,462
BRN: 385836
Stability: Stable, though may discolour in air.
InChIKey: PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: -0.09-0.04 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 123-30-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 4-6
FDA UNII: R7P8FRP05V
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenol, 4-amino-(123-30-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: p-Aminophenol (123-30-8)
UNSPSC Code: 41116107
NACRES: NA.24
CAS: 123-30-8
EINECS: 204-616-2

InChI: InChI=1/C6H7NO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H,7H2
InChIKey: PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C6H7NO
Molar Mass: 109.13
Density: 1.29
Melting Point: 188 °C
Boiling Point: 284 °C
Flash Point: 189 °C
Water Solubility: 1.5 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Solubility: water: slightly soluble
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 hPa (110 °C)
Appearance: Crystalline Powder

Color: White to cream
Merck: 14,462
BRN: 385836
pKa: 5.48, 10.30(at 25℃)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable, though may discolour in air.
Sensitive: Air & Light Sensitive
Refractive Index: 1.5444 (estimate)
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H7NO/c7-5-1-3-6(8)4-2-5/h1-4,8H,7H2
InChI Key: PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Formula: C6H7NO
SMILES: Nc1ccc(O)cc1
Molecular Weight1: 109.13
CAS: 123-30-8

FIRST AID MEASURES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of p-AMINOPHENOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available