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P-N-Propylbenzaldehydes chemical structure allows it to be widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of fine chemicals, perfumes, flavorings, pharmaceuticals, dyes, and agrochemicals, where the aldehyde group can undergo reactions such as oxidation to carboxylic acids, reduction to alcohols, or condensation with amines and other nucleophiles to produce value-added derivatives.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is also important in research and industrial chemistry as a model aromatic aldehyde for studying reaction mechanisms, aromatic substitution effects, and steric or electronic influences of para-substituents.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehydes combination of reactivity, stability, and aromatic character makes it a versatile building block for synthesizing complex organic molecules in both laboratory and commercial-scale chemical processes, and it is often handled under standard laboratory safety precautions to avoid exposure, oxidation, or unwanted reactions due to its reactive aldehyde group.
CAS Number: 28785-06-0
Molecular Formula: C10H12O
Molecular Weight: 148.2
EINECS Number: 249-221-6
Synonyms: 4-Propylbenzaldehyde, 28785-06-0, Benzaldehyde, 4-propyl-, p-Propylbenzaldehyde, 4-Propylbenzaldehyd, Benzaldehyde, p-propyl-, BRN 2206736, AFA5SA2NA5, EINECS 249-221-6, DTXSID6067412, (4-PROPYLPHENYL)METHANONE, 4-(N-PROPYL)BENZALDEHYDE, 2-07-00-00246 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), RefChem:526580, DTXCID9037870, 249-221-6, 4-n-Propylbenzaldehyde, MFCD00041870, 4-PropYl-Benzaldehyde, 4-Propyl-benzaldehyd, 4-propyl benzaldehyde, p-n-propylbenzaldehyde, p-Propyl-benzaldehyde, UNII-AFA5SA2NA5, 1-Formyl-4-propylbenzene, 4-Propylbenzaldehyde, 95%, SCHEMBL493764, SCHEMBL910600, SCHEMBL22322066, SCHEMBL27577957, SCHEMBL27815319, BDBM85651, CK1040, SBB059136, AKOS009075840, CS-W017745, DS-4247, FP64032, SY109588, DB-047455, NS00028543, ST51044265, EN300-22062, F022359, Z147641436, 4-propylbenzaldehyd;4-propyl-benzaldehyd;p-propyl-benzaldehyd;1-Formyl-4-propylbenzene;4-Propylbenzaldehyde,98%;4-PROPYLBENZALDEHYDE;4-N-PROPYLBENZALDEHYDE;p-propylbenzaldehyde
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde, also known as 4-n-Propylbenzaldehyde, is an aromatic aldehyde with various industrial applications.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde, also known as 4-propylbenzaldehyde or 1-formyl-4-propylbenzene, is an aromatic aldehyde compound in which a propyl group is attached to the para (4-) position of a benzene ring that also carries an aldehyde functional group (-CHO), giving the molecule a combination of hydrophobic alkyl character and polar aldehyde reactivity, which allows it to participate in a wide range of organic synthesis reactions, fragrance formulations, and chemical intermediates.
The presence of the para-substituted propyl group significantly influences the electron density distribution of the aromatic ring, affecting both the reactivity of the aldehyde group in nucleophilic addition or condensation reactions and the physical properties of the compound, such as boiling point, solubility, and odor profile.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is typically a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinctive aromatic scent, and it is highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform, while being sparingly soluble in water.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde compound characterized by a benzene ring substituted at the para position with a propyl group and bearing an aldehyde functional group (-CHO), making it a para-substituted derivative of benzaldehyde.
The propyl group at the para position influences the electron distribution in the aromatic ring, which affects the reactivity of the aldehyde moiety, particularly in electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions, and also modifies the physical properties of the compound, including its boiling point, density, solubility in polar and nonpolar solvents, and aromatic odor.
This structural arrangement allows the molecule to exhibit both lipophilic (from the propyl group) and polar (from the aldehyde group) characteristics, which is advantageous in organic synthesis, formulation chemistry, and fragrance applications.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is a synthetic aromatic aldehyde in which a propyl group is attached to the para position of a benzene ring, with an aldehyde functional group (-CHO) at the carbon-1 position, forming a structurally para-substituted derivative of benzaldehyde.
This molecular configuration combines the hydrophobic nature of the propyl group with the polar reactivity of the aldehyde moiety, giving the compound a unique balance of solubility, chemical reactivity, and aromatic character.
The electron-donating effect of the propyl substituent modifies the electron density on the aromatic ring, which can influence both the electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity of the aldehyde group, making it highly versatile for organic synthesis reactions, condensation processes, and chemical derivatization.
Melting point: 19 °C
Boiling point: 240 °C
Density: 1.0050 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n₂₀/D 1.532 (lit.)
Flash point: 219 °F
Storage temperature: 2–8 °C
Solubility in acetone: Slightly soluble
Solubility in DMSO: Sparingly soluble
Solubility in methanol: Slightly soluble
Form: Oil
Color: Colourless
Odor: Faint aromatic odor
LogP (estimated): 2.918
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, characteristic aromatic scent, which is slightly sweet and reminiscent of other benzaldehyde derivatives, making it a valuable compound in perfumery and flavor chemistry.
Its solubility profile favors organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and chloroform, while it has very limited solubility in water, a property that must be considered when used in aqueous reaction systems.
The aldehyde group (-CHO) is chemically reactive, allowing it to participate in oxidation reactions (forming carboxylic acids), reduction reactions (forming primary alcohols), condensation reactions with amines, hydrazines, and other nucleophiles, and formation of Schiff bases or heterocyclic derivatives, which makes it a versatile intermediate in both laboratory-scale and industrial-scale organic synthesis.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is widely used as a building block for synthesizing fine chemicals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty organic compounds, and it is also employed in research applications as a model para-substituted aldehyde for studying structure-reactivity relationships, electronic effects of alkyl substituents, and steric influences on aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions.
Its combination of aromaticity, chemical reactivity, and stability under normal handling conditions makes it highly suitable for industrial applications, though care must be taken to protect it from strong oxidizing agents, excessive heat, and direct exposure to air over prolonged periods, which could lead to degradation, polymerization, or oxidation of the aldehyde functional group.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is generally a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct, aromatic, and slightly sweet odor, reminiscent of other benzaldehyde derivatives, which makes it valuable in fragrance formulations, flavor chemistry, and perfumery, where the compound contributes to complex scent profiles and olfactory enhancements.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is highly soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, diethyl ether, acetone, and chloroform, while exhibiting limited solubility in water, which is an important consideration for aqueous reaction conditions or formulations.
The aldehyde functional group allows p-n-Propylbenzaldehyde to undergo oxidation to carboxylic acids, reduction to alcohols, condensation with amines to form Schiff bases, and cyclization reactions to produce heterocyclic compounds, making it a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, agrochemicals, and specialty fine chemicals.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is also extensively used in research and industrial laboratories as a model compound to study para-substitution effects on benzaldehydes, providing insight into steric and electronic influences on chemical reactivity, aromatic substitution patterns, and reaction mechanisms.
Its stability under normal storage and handling conditions allows it to be used in large-scale chemical production, fragrance and flavor industries, and specialty organic synthesis, though it must be protected from strong oxidizing agents, excessive heat, and prolonged exposure to air, as these conditions can lead to oxidation, polymerization, or degradation of the aldehyde functional group.
Due to its chemical versatility, aromatic properties, and intermediate functionality, p-n-Propylbenzaldehyde is considered an essential building block for creating high-value derivatives, including pharmaceutical precursors, aromatic ketones, heterocyclic compounds, flavor esters, and perfumery additives, making it highly sought after in both laboratory-scale research and industrial-scale chemical production.
Its combination of reactivity, solubility, stability, and odor profile ensures it is adaptable for multiple applications, ranging from chemical synthesis and fragrance design to experimental studies on aldehyde chemistry and para-substituted aromatic systems.
Uses:
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is a useful reagent for Lewis acid promoted, synthesis of fluoroquinolone clubbed 1,3,4-thiadiazole motifs.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is widely used as a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis, where its aldehyde functional group and para-substituted propyl group allow it to participate in a variety of chemical reactions such as oxidation, reduction, condensation with amines to form Schiff bases, and cyclization reactions to produce heterocyclic compounds, which makes it particularly valuable in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and specialty fine chemicals, where the compound serves as a building block for more complex molecules with desired biological, chemical, or physical properties.
In the fragrance and flavor industries, p-n-Propylbenzaldehyde is used to create aromatic compounds that contribute to sweet, balsamic, or almond-like scent profiles, where it can be further chemically modified or blended with other aromatic aldehydes, esters, or ketones to achieve complex and long-lasting fragrance formulations, making it a key ingredient in perfumes, scented personal care products, and flavor enhancers for food applications.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde also finds use in research and laboratory settings as a model para-substituted benzaldehyde for studying chemical reactivity, substitution patterns, electronic effects, and steric influences in aromatic aldehydes, providing insights that are essential for designing new synthetic pathways, optimizing reaction conditions, and developing novel chemical compounds.
In addition, P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde can be applied in industrial chemical manufacturing to produce aromatic ketones, alcohol derivatives, and heterocyclic intermediates, which are subsequently used in pharmaceutical development, polymer synthesis, and specialty chemical formulations, where its chemical stability, reactivity, and aromatic properties make it a reliable and efficient precursor.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde’s dual functionality as an aldehyde and a para-substituted aromatic compound allows it to serve as a critical intermediate in chemical synthesis, a contributor to fragrance and flavor complexity, a subject of chemical research, and a precursor for high-value industrial chemicals, ensuring its importance across pharmaceutical, industrial, agricultural, and consumer product applications.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is extensively employed as a key intermediate in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, where the aldehyde functional group attached to a para-substituted propyl benzene ring provides both reactivity and steric specificity, enabling it to undergo nucleophilic additions, condensation reactions with amines or hydrazines, reduction to alcohols, and selective oxidation to carboxylic acids, making it invaluable in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of drug intermediates, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and fine chemicals that require precise structural modifications for enhanced efficacy, solubility, or pharmacokinetic profiles.
In the flavor and fragrance sector, P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde serves as a precursor for synthesizing aromatic aldehydes, esters, ketones, and alcohol derivatives that contribute sweet, balsamic, or almond-like odor notes, and it can be blended or chemically modified to create multi-dimensional scents in perfumes, colognes, scented cosmetics, and food flavoring agents, providing both olfactory richness and chemical stability that allows for long-lasting and consistent performance in consumer products.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is also widely used in industrial organic chemistry and chemical research laboratories as a model para-substituted aromatic aldehyde, allowing chemists to study electron-donating effects of alkyl substituents, reaction selectivity, steric hindrance in nucleophilic or electrophilic aromatic substitution, and mechanistic pathways of aldehyde functional group reactions, which contributes to the rational design of new synthetic routes, optimization of reaction conditions, and creation of novel chemical entities with tailored properties.
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde is applied in specialty chemical manufacturing to produce heterocyclic compounds, aromatic ketones, alcohol derivatives, and other functionalized intermediates that are used in polymers, dyes, agrochemicals, and cosmetic ingredients, where its combination of aromatic stability and aldehyde reactivity ensures consistent quality and reactivity during downstream chemical transformations.
Safety Profile:
P-N-Propylbenzaldehyde, like other aromatic aldehydes, poses a number of health hazards, particularly when handled in concentrated forms, as vapors, or as fine powders, and direct exposure can result in irritation of the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, where contact with the eyes may cause redness, tearing, and temporary discomfort, while prolonged or repeated skin contact can lead to dermatitis, redness, itching, or sensitization in susceptible individuals, and inhalation of vapors or dust may trigger coughing, sneezing, nasal irritation, throat discomfort, or respiratory difficulties, especially in those with pre-existing asthma or other respiratory conditions.
Accidental ingestion of p-n-Propylbenzaldehyde can cause gastrointestinal irritation, including nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, though severe systemic toxicity is uncommon at low exposure levels, and the compound is not generally classified as carcinogenic or mutagenic, yet repeated exposure to concentrated amounts could potentially lead to sensitization or cumulative irritation effects.
In industrial and laboratory settings, improper handling, inadequate ventilation, or lack of protective equipment can increase the risk of exposure, making it essential to use gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, and fume hoods or well-ventilated areas to minimize health risks.
From an environmental perspective, p-n-Propylbenzaldehyde is moderately stable but can be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations, and accidental release into water systems may contribute to bioaccumulation or localized ecological effects, so proper containment, waste management, and compliance with environmental regulations are necessary to prevent soil, water, or air contamination.
Additionally, the compound is flammable and can form hazardous vapors when heated, so it should be stored away from ignition sources, strong oxidizers, or excessive heat, and spill or fire situations must be handled with appropriate fire extinguishing methods and chemical spill protocols.
