PRODUCTS

PANTOTHENIC ACID

CAS NUMBER: 79-83-4

EC NUMBER: 201-229-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C9H17NO5

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 219.23

IUPAC NAME: 3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoic acid

Pantothenic Acid (also known as vitamin B5) is an essential nutrient that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement.
The main function of this water-soluble B vitamin is in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein.
CoA is essential for fatty acid synthesis and degradation, transfer of acetyl and acyl groups, and a multitude of other anabolic and catabolic processes
Acyl carrier protein’s main role is in fatty acid synthesis.

Pantothenic Acid is a water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property.
Pantothenic Acid is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex.
Pantothenic Acid is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids.
Pantothenic Acid is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.

Pantothenic Acid, also called pantothenate or vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin discovered by Roger J. Williams in 1919.
For many animals, Pantothenic Acid is an essential nutrient as it is required to synthesize coenzyme-A (CoA), as well as to synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
Pantothenic Acid is the amide between pantoic acid and β-alanine and commonly found as its alcohol analog, the provitamin panthenol, and as calcium pantothenate.
Small quantities of Pantothenic Acid are found in nearly every food, with high amounts in whole-grain cereals, legumes, eggs, meat, royal jelly, avocado, and yogurt.
Pantothenic Acid is an ingredient in some hair and skin care products.
Only the dextrorotatory (D) isomer of pantothenic acid possesses biological activity.
while the levorotatory (L) form may antagonize the effects of the dextrorotatory isomer.

Pantothenic Acid is a pantothenic acid having R-configuration.
Pantothenic Acid has a role as an antidote to curare poisoning, a human blood serum metabolite and a geroprotector.
Pantothenic Acid is a vitamin B5 and a pantothenic acid.
Pantothenic Acid is a conjugate acid of a (R)-pantothenate.

A wide variety of plant and animal foods contain pantothenic acid
About 85% of dietary pantothenic acid is in the form of CoA or phosphopantetheine
These forms are converted to pantothenic acid by digestive enzymes (nucleosidases, peptidases, and phosphorylases) in the intestinal lumen and intestinal cells.
Pantothenic acid is absorbed in the intestine and delivered directly into the bloodstream by active transport (and possibly simple diffusion at higher doses)
Pantetheine, the dephosphorylated form of phosphopantetheine, however, is first taken up by intestinal cells and converted to pantothenic acid before being delivered into the bloodstream
The intestinal flora also produces pantothenic acid, but its contribution to the total amount of pantothenic acid that the body absorbs is not known
Red blood cells carry pantothenic acid throughout the body
Most pantothenic acid in tissues is in the form of CoA, but smaller amounts are present as acyl carrier protein or free pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid status is not routinely measured in healthy people.
Microbiologic growth assays, animal bioassays, and radioimmunoassays can be used to measure pantothenic concentrations in blood, urine, and tissue, but urinary concentrations are the most reliable indicators because of their close relationship with dietary intake
With a typical American diet, the urinary excretion rate for pantothenic acid is about 2.6 mg/day
Excretion of less than 1 mg pantothenic acid per day suggests deficiency
Like urinary concentrations, whole-blood concentrations of pantothenic acid correlate with pantothenic acid intake, but measuring pantothenic acid in whole blood requires enzyme pretreatment to release free pantothenic acid from CoA
Normal blood concentrations of pantothenic acid range from 1.6 to 2.7 mcmol/L, and blood concentrations below 1 mcmol/L are considered low and suggest deficiency
Unlike whole-blood concentrations, plasma levels of pantothenic acid do not correlate well with changes in intake or status

Pantothenic acid is vitamin B5.
Pantothenic Acid is widely found in both plants and animals including meat, vegetables, cereal grains, legumes, eggs, and milk.
Pantothenic acid helps the body utilize carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
Pantothenic Acid is also important for maintaining healthy skin.
Pantothenic Acid is available as D-pantothenic acid, as well as dexpanthenol and calcium pantothenate, which are chemicals made in the lab from D-pantothenic acid.

People most commonly use pantothenic acid for pantothenic acid deficiency.
Dexpanthenol, a chemical similar to pantothenic acid, is used for skin irritation, nasal swelling, wound healing, and other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Pantothenic acid, is naturally present in foods, added to foods, and available as a supplement.
Pantothenic Acid is used to make coenzyme A (CoA), a chemical compound that helps enzymes to build and break down fatty acids as well as perform other metabolic functions, and acyl carrier protein, which is also involved in building fats.
Pantothenic acid is found in a wide variety of foods.
Bacteria in the gut can also produce some pantothenic acid but not enough to meet dietary needs.

Food Sources:
Pantothenic acid is found in almost all plant and animal foods to some degree, because the vitamin is found in all living cells.
The best sources are beef, chicken, organ meats, fortified cereals, and some vegetables.

Fortified cereals

-Organ meats (liver, kidney)

-Beef

-Chicken breast

-Mushrooms

-Avocado

-Nuts, seeds

-Dairy milk

-Yogurt

-Potatoes

-Eggs

-Brown rice

-Oats

-Broccoli

What is Pantothenic Acid?
Pantothenic Acid, also called Vitamin B5, is one of the most important vitamins for human life.
Pantothenic Acid’s necessary for making blood cells, and it helps you convert the food you eat into energy.

Pantothenic Acid is one of eight B vitamins.
Pantothenic Acid helps you convert the protein, carbohydrates, and fats you eat into energy. B vitamins are also needed for:

*healthy skin, hair, and eyes

*proper functioning of the nervous system and liver

*healthy digestive tract

*making red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body

*making sex and stress-related hormones in the adrenal glands

Cosmetic uses of Pantothenic Acid
Pantothenic Acid is often added to hair and skin products, as well as makeup.
Pantothenic Acid is used in creams and lotions designed to moisturize the skin.

In hair products, Pantothenic Acid can help add volume and sheen.
Pantothenic Acid’s also said to improve the texture of hair that is damaged by styling or chemicals.

Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 is a water-soluble B vitamin and therefore an essential nutrient.[7] All animals require pantothenic acid in order to synthesize coenzyme A (CoA) – essential for fatty acid metabolism – as well as to, in general, synthesize and metabolize proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.[7][8]

Pantothenic acid is the combination of pantoic acid and β-alanine.
Pantothenic Acid's name derives from the Greek pantos, meaning "from everywhere", as minimally, at least small quantities of pantothenic acid are found in nearly every food.
Human deficiency is very rare.
As a dietary supplement or animal feed ingredient, the form commonly used is calcium pantothenate because of chemical stability, and hence long product shelf life, compared to sodium pantothenate or free pantothenic acid

People take Pantothenic Acid supplements and derivatives to help with a range of conditions.
These conditions include:
-acne
-ADHD
-alcoholism
-allergies
-asthma
-baldness
-burning feet syndrome
-carpal tunnel syndrome
-celiac disease
-chronic fatigue syndrome
-colitis
-conjunctivitis
-convulsions
-cystitis
-dandruff
-depression
-diabetic nerve pain
-dizziness
-enlarged prostate
-headaches
-heart failure
-insomnia
-irritability
-leg cramps
-low blood pressure
-low blood sugar
-multiple sclerosis
-muscular dystrophy
-neuralgia
-obesity
-osteoarthritis
-Parkinson’s disease
-premenstrual syndrome
-respiratory disorders
-rheumatoid arthritis
-salicylate toxicity
-tongue infections
-wound healing
-yeast infections

Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, one of the B vitamins.
Pantothenic Acid is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic acid (see biosynthesis and structure of coenzyme A figures).
Unlike vitamin E or vitamin K, which occurs in several chemically related forms known as vitamers, pantothenic acid is only one chemical compound.
Pantothenic Acid is a starting compound in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), a cofactor for many enzyme processes

Pantothenic acid deficiency in humans is very rare and has not been thoroughly studied.
In the few cases where deficiency has been seen (prisoners of war during World War II, victims of starvation, or limited volunteer trials), nearly all symptoms were reversed with orally administered pantothenic acid.
Symptoms of deficiency are similar to other Pantothenic Acid deficiencies.

Biosynthesis:
Bacteria synthesize pantothenic acid from the amino acids aspartate and a precursor to the amino acid valine.
Aspartate is converted to β-alanine.
The amino group of valine is replaced by a keto-moiety to yield α-ketoisovalerate, which, in turn, forms α-ketopantoate following transfer of a methyl group, then D-pantoate (also known as pantoic acid) following reduction.
β-alanine and pantoic acid are then condensed to form pantothenic acid.

Pantothenic Acid is a water-soluble vitamin from the B group of vitamins.
Pantothenic Acid helps produce energy by breaking down fats and carbohydrates.
Pantothenic Acid also promotes healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver.

Pantothenic acid — also known as vitamin B5 — is a water-soluble vitamin that is a precursor in the synthesis of coenzyme A.
Coenzyme A is essential to many biochemical reactions that sustain life.
Also, the phosphopantetheinyl moiety of coenzyme A is required for the biological activity of several proteins, including the acyl-carrier protein involved in fatty acid synthesis.
Pantothenic acid is essential to all forms of life.
Pantothenic Acid is ubiquitously found in foods of plant and animal origin, and dietary deficiency is very rare.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 219.23

-XLogP3-AA: -1.1

-Exact Mass: 219.11067264

-Monoisotopic Mass: 219.11067264

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 107 Å²

-Physical Description: Solid

-Color/Form: Yellow viscous oil

-Melting Point: <25°C

-Solubility: 4.56 M

-Vapor Pressure: 5.14X10-9 mmHg

-log Kow: -1.69

-Henry's Law constant: 4.3X10-15 atm-cu m/mol

-Collision Cross Section: 148.1 Å²

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

-Rotatable Bond Count: 6

-Heavy Atom Count: 15

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 239

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

SYNONYMS:

pantothenic acid
D-pantothenic acid
vitamin B5
pantothenate
(+)-Pantothenic acid
(R)-pantothenate
PANTOTHENOIC ACID
(D)-(+)-Pantothenic acid
(R)-pantothenic acid
Kyselina pantothenova
Pantothenic Acid
D(+)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine
3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoic acid
beta-Alanine, N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-, (R)-
N-[(2R)-2,4-DIHYDROXY-3,3-DIMETHYLBUTANOYL]-BETA-ALANINE
(D,+)-N(alpha-gamma-Dihydroxy-beta,beta-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine
N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-beta-alanine
(R)-3-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoic acid
Pantothenic acid (BAN)
(+)-Pantothenate
Pantothenic acid, D-
(R)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-beta-alanine
d-pantothenate
Kyselina pantothenova
pantothenic-acid
delta-Pantothenate
delta-Pantothenic acid
D-(+)-pantothenic acid
(D)-(+)-Pantothenate
Pantothen Pharmaselect (TN)
4-04-00-02569 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Pantothenic acid, D- (8CI)
N-[(2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-beta-alanine
D(+)-N-(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-b-alanine
3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanoic acid
450B5472-A689-4BCA-9BC1-58691B72D00F
N-[(2R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-ss-alanine
UNII-66Y94D1203 component GHOKWGTUZJEAQD-ZETCQYMHSA-N
3-((R)-2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butyrylamino)-propionic acid
3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl]amino]propionic acid
beta-Alanine, N-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]-
3-[[(2R)-3,3-dimethyl-2,4-bis(oxidanyl)butanoyl]amino]propanoic acid
b-Alanine, N-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl]- (9CI)
beta-Alanine, N-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutyl)-, (R)- (9CI)