PRODUCTS

PERIODIC ACID

Periodic acid can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.
Periodic acid is used as an oxidizing agent in organic synthesis.
Periodic acid is a strong oxidizing agent mainly used for the oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols (vicinal diols) forming aldehydes and ketones depending on the structure of the alcohol.

CAS Number: 7790-28-5
EC Number: 232-197-6
Molecular Formula: NaIO4
Molecular Weight: 213.89

Synonyms: sodium-m-periodate, Sodium iodate(VII), sodium(meta)periodate, sodium-meta-periodate, INaO4, NaIO4, PubChem21354, sodium (meta) periodate, ACMC-1C1BE, Na I O4, EC 232-197-6, Sodium periodate, ACS grade, ARONIS24207, Lithium Chelate 0.2%, 40M, CHEBI:75226, DTXSID30894075, BCP04945, ANW-37125, AKOS005267138, AKOS015950617, BP-21195, R917, FT-0689066, Q281419, Sodium periodate, Sodium metaperiodate, 7790-28-5, Sodium m-periodate, Sodium (meta)periodate, sodium meta-periodate, Periodic acid, sodium salt, sodium;periodate, Sodium meta periodate, UNII-98W4A29X43, MFCD00003534, Periodate sodium, sodiumperiodate, Periodic acid (HIO4), sodium salt (1:1), 98W4A29X43, Sodium periodate, 99%, for analysis, Periodic acid (HIO4), sodium salt, Sodium periodate, 99.8+%, ACS reagent, HSDB 7298, EINECS 232-197-6, sodium penodate, sodium periodat

Periodic acid is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.
Periodic acid is an useful oxidising agent.
Periodic acid can refer to two different chemical compounds which are essentially sodium salts of the two varieties of periodate ion.

Sodium metaperiodate (often abbreviated as m-periodate) has the formula NaIO4.
Sodium orthoperiodate (often abbreviated as o-periodate) has the formula Na5IO6.

Periodic acid is useful in certain synthetic chemistries for the oxidative power of the periodate ion.
Periodic acid's density is 3,865 kg m-3.
Periodic acid is soluble in water.

Periodic acid when heated, it decomposes to form sodium iodate, NaIO3 and oxygen.
This decomposition reaction is catalyzed by the presence of manganese(IV) oxide.

Periodic acid is a chemical compound.
Periodic acids chemical formula can be NaIO4 (sodium metaperiodate) or Na5IO6 (sodium orthoiodate).
Periodic acid has sodium and periodate ions in it.

Periodic acid is a white powder.
Periodic acid Na2H3IO6, is formed by reaction of sodium iodate plus sodium hydroxide plus chlorine (sodium chloride also formed), and the periodate separates as crystals from the medium.

In solution, Periodic acid is stated, periodate gradually forms ozone and iodate at the ordinary temperatures.
Periodic acid oxidation is often used to selectively label RNA, saccharides and other compounds with vicinal diols.
Periodic acid an inorganic sodium salt having periodate as the counterion.

Periodic acid converts cis-glycol groups in carbohydrates to amine-reactive aldehyde groups.
Carbohydrate groups in glycoproteins are excellent sites for modification or crosslinking reactions because they allow the conjugation reaction to be directed away from amino acids in the polypeptide chain that could be critical for protein activity.

Periodic acid cleaves bonds between adjacent carbon atoms that contain hydroxyl groups (cis-glycols), creating two aldehyde groups that are spontaneously reactive to amine- and hydrazide-activated labeling, immobilization supports and crosslinking reagents.

Periodic acid is available in white crystalline powder form, soluble in water.
Periodic acid has Molecular Formula NaIO4.

Periodic acid is prepared industrially by oxidation of Sodium iodate with Sodium hypochlorite.
Periodic acid is used as an Oxidizing agent in organic synthesis.

Periodic acid is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.

Like all periodates Periodic acid can exist in two different forms: sodium metaperiodate, which has the formula NaIO4, and sodium orthoperiodate, normally this means sodium hydrogen periodate (Na2H3IO6) but the fully reacted sodium orthoperiodate salt, Na5IO6, can also be prepared.
Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

Periodic acid can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between vicinal diols leaving two aldehyde groups.
This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as biotin.

Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3'-termini of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.
Periodic acid is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.

Periodic acid works by forming bonds with alcohols to the iodine.
In the second step, what happens is a kind of reverse cycloaddition (similar to what happens when an ozonide breaks down).

This is a somewhat simplified version of the mechanism (skipping over the proton transfer).
The key part here is the third diagram, where the cyclic iodate ester breaks down to give the ketone and aldehyde.

Periodic acid can be used to oxidize hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbon atoms, forming reactive aldehyde residues suitable for coupling with amine- or hydrazide-containing molecules.
The reaction occurs with two adjacent secondary hydroxyls to cleave the carbon–carbon bond between them and create two terminal aldehyde groups.

When one of the adjacent hydroxyls is a primary hydroxyl, reaction with periodate releases one molecule of formaldehyde and leaves a terminal aldehyde residue on the original diol compound.
These reactions can be used to generate crosslinking sites in carbohydrates or glycoproteins for subsequent conjugation of amine-containing molecules by reductive amination.

Periodic acid also reacts with 2-aminoethanol derivatives—compounds containing a primary amine and a secondary hydroxyl group on adjacent carbon atoms.
Oxidation cleaves the carbon–carbon bond, forming a terminal aldehyde group on the side that had the original hydroxyl residue.
This reaction can be used to create reactive aldehydes on N-terminal serine residues of peptides

Periodic acid is a mild oxidant that is routinely used for the conversion of cis‐glycol groups in carbohydrates to reactive aldehdye groups.
The reactive aldehyde groups are used in chemical conjugation procedures or detection of carbohydrates.

For proteomic research, sodium m‐periodate is used for the oxidation of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins and offers the advantage of modifying the sugar side chains as opposed to critical amino acids.
The resulting aldehydes can interact with primary amines to from Schiff’s bases, which in turn can be stabilized by reduction with sodium cyanoborohydride to form covalent amide bonds.

Alternatively, the aldehydes can spontaneously react with hydrazide activated molecules to form relatively stable hydrazone bonds, which again can be stabilized with sodium cyanoborohydride.

Periodic acid is insoluble in water, soluble in common solvents.
Iodine is required in small amounts in human body for the function of the thyroid gland.

Periodic acid is used is used for disinfecting skin and for the treatment of minor wounds and abrasions.
Periodic acid is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.

Metallic iodates are explosive or flammable when contact with organic combustible materials.
Periodic acid are used as analytical reagents and in the manufacture of disinfectants, antiseptics, deodorants, medicines and other iodine compounds as well as oxidation of sulphur dyes.

Periodic acid are used in baking ingredient conditioner and as animal feed and food supplement for the treatment of their deficiency.
Periodic acid is a white crystals; soluble in water and alcohol; losing water at 100 C.
Periodic acid and its salts (potassium and sodium) are widely used as powerful oxidising agent in organic synthesis.

Uses of Periodic acid:
Periodic acid can oxidize cellulose.
Periodic acid is also used as a biodegradable chemical in the human body.
Periodic acid is also used in organic chemistry reactions.

Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of RNA (ribose has vicinal diols) instead of DNA as deoxyribose does not have vicinal diols.
Periodic acid is used in organic chemistry to cleave diols to produce two aldehydes.

Periodic acid is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.

Applications of Periodic acid:
Generates quinones via glycol cleavage and oxidation of hydroquinones.
Periodic acid is an inorganic salt, composed of a sodium cation and the periodate anion.

Like many periodates Periodic acid can exist in two different forms: sodium metaperiodate, which has the formula NaIO4, and sodium orthoperiodate, normally this means sodium hydrogen periodate (Na2H3IO6) but the fully reacted sodium orthoperiodate salt, Na5IO6, can also be prepared.
Both salts are useful oxidising agents.

Features of Periodic acid:
Convert sugars in sialic acid and other glycosylation groups to reactive aldehydes.
Immobilize glycoproteins to a hydrazide-activated solid support.

Conjugate antibodies to glycoprotein enzymes, such as horseradish peroxidase.
Probe for cell-surface polysaccharides.
Detect carbohydrate-containing proteins using hydrazide-containing probes.

Preparation of Periodic acid:
Periodic acid can be made by oxidation of sodium iodide with sodium hypochlorite in a nitric acid solution.
Classically, periodate was most commonly produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate (Na3H2IO6).

Periodic acid is commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of iodates with chlorine and sodium hydroxide.
Or, similarly, from iodides by oxidation with bromine and sodium hydroxide:
NaIO3 + Cl2 + 4 NaOH → Na3H2IO6 + 2 NaCl + H2O
NaI + 4 Br2 + 10 NaOH → Na3H2IO6 + 8 NaBr + 4 H2O

Modern industrial scale production involves the electrochemical oxidation of iodates, on a PbO2 anode, with the following standard electrode potential:
H5IO6 + H+ + 2 e− → IO−
3 + 3 H2O E° = 1.6 V

Sodium metaperiodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with nitric acid.
Na3H2IO6 + 2 HNO3 → NaIO4 + 2 NaNO3 + 2 H2O

Properties of Periodic acid:
Periodic acid is a colorless solid.
Periodic acid breaks down when heated to make sodium iodate and oxygen gas.
Periodic acid is a strong oxidizing agent.

Structure of Periodic acid:
Sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4) forms tetragonal crystals (space group I41/a) consisting of slightly distorted IO−4 ions with average I–O bond distances of 1.775 Å; the Na+ ions are surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms at distances of 2.54 and 2.60 Å.
Sodium hydrogen periodate (Na2H3IO6) forms orthorhombic crystals (space group Pnnm).

Iodine and sodium atoms are both surrounded by an octahedral arrangement of 6 oxygen atoms; however the NaO6 octahedron is strongly distorted.
IO6 and NaO6 groups are linked via common vertices and edges.
Powder diffraction indicates that Na5IO6 crystallises in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m).

General Information of Periodic acid:
Waste is classified as hazardous waste.
Disposal to licensed waste disposal site in accordance with the local Waste Disposal Authority.

Usage Precautions:
Dispose of waste and residues in accordance with local authority requirements.
Contact specialist disposal companies.

Usage Precautions:
Keep Periodic acid away from heat, sparks and open flame.
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using Periodic acid.

Container must be kept tightly closed.
Do not subject to grinding/shock/friction.

WARNING:
When subject to intense compression at temperatures above 140 °C Sodium Metaperiodate can undergo violent decomposition to form Sodium Iodate with the release of gaseous oxygen.

This is significantly lower than the normal decomposition temperature of 270 °C.
Where there is a potential for extreme compression during processing e.g. during milling, tabletting or agitated pan-drying operations the maximum processing temperature should be kept well below 140 °C to minimize the risk of decomposition.

Storage Precautions of Periodic acid:
Oxidising material - Keep away from flammable and combustible materials.
Store Periodic acid in tightly closed original container in a dry and cool place.

Do not store Periodic acid near heat sources or expose to high temperatures.

First Aid Measures of Periodic acid:

Inhalation:
Get medical attention if any discomfort continues.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Get prompt medical attention.

In case of persistent throat irritation or coughing:
Seek medical attention and bring these instructions.
Unlikely route of exposure as Periodic acid does not contain volatile substances.
Remove victim immediately from source of exposure.

Ingestion:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING! NEVER MAKE AN UNCONSCIOUS PERSON VOMIT OR DRINK FLUIDS!
Remove victim immediately from source of exposure.

Get medical attention immediately!
Provide rest, warmth and fresh air.

FireFighting Measures of Periodic acid:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, dry powder or carbon dioxide.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures:
Keep up-wind to avoid fumes.
Beware, risk of formation of toxic and corrosive gases.
Avoid breathing fire vapours.

Unusual Fire & Explosion Hazards:
OXIDISING! May ignite other combustible materials.
May develop highly toxic or corrosive fumes if heated.

Protective Measures In Fire:
Self contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing must be worn in case of fire.

Personal Precautions:
Use protective gloves, goggles and suitable protective clothing.
Do not smoke, use open fire or other sources of ignition.

Environmental Precautions:
Do not allow ANY environmental contamination.

Spill Clean Up Methods:
Wear necessary protective equipment.
Remove sources of ignition.

Keep combustibles away from spilled material.
Collect in containers and seal securely.

Remove containers and flush area with water.
Avoid dust formation.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing. Wash the skin immediately with soap and water.
Get medical attention if irritation persists after washing.

Eye Contact:
Make sure to remove any contact lenses from the eyes before rinsing.
Promptly wash eyes with plenty of water while lifting the eye lids.

Continue to rinse for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention urgently!

Notes To The Physician:
No recommendation given, but first aid may still be required in case of accidental exposure, inhalation or ingestion of this chemical.
If in doubt, GET MEDICAL ATTENTION PROMPTLY!

Identifiers of Periodic acid:
CAS Number: 7790-28-5
CHEBI: 75226
ChemSpider: 58683
ECHA InfoCard: 100.029.270
EC Number: 232-197-6
PubChem CID: 23667635
RTECS number: SD4550000
UNII: 98W4A29X43
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID30894075

Linear formula:NaIO4
CAS: 7790‐28‐5
Molecular weight: 213.89
Form: White crystalline powder

Chemical formula: NaIO4
Molar mass: 213.8918 g/mol
Appearance: white crystals
Density:
3.865 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
3/210 g/cm3
Melting point 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K) (anhydrous)
175 °C (347 °F; 448 K) (trihydrate) (decomposes)
Solubility: soluble in acids

Chemical Name: Periodic acid
CAS Number: 7790-28-5
Alternate CAS # : Free acid 13444-71-8
Molecular Formula: NaIO4
Appearance: White Solid
Melting Point: >300°C
Molecular Weight: 213.89
Storage: Refrigerator
Solubility: Water
Category: Standards; Inorganics; Miscellaneous;

CAS: 7790-28-5
Molecular Formula: INaO4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 213.89
MDL Number: MFCD00003534
InChI Key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 23667635
ChEBI: CHEBI:75226
IUPAC Name: sodium;periodate
SMILES: [Na+].[O-][I](=O)(=O)=O

Properties of Periodic acid:
Melting point: 300 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 300°C
Density: 3.865
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Solid
Specific Gravity: 4.174
color: White to almost white
Odor: Odorless
PH: 3.5-5.5 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O)
PH Range: 3.5 - 5.5
Oxidising Properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the subcategory 2
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8640

Quality Level: 200
grade: ACS reagent
assay: ≥99.8%
99.8-100.3% dry basis (ACS specification)
form: crystalline powder
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
impurities: ≤0.02% other halogens (as Cl)
pH: 3.5-5.5 (25 °C, 107 g/L)
mp: 300 °C (dec.) (lit.)
cation traces: Mn: ≤3 ppm
SMILES string: [Na+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O
InChI: 1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
InChI key: JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Container Capacity: 100 Gram
Composition: Less than Equal to 100 Percent Periodic acid
Color: White
Temperature Rating: 504 Deg F
Melting Point: 518 Deg F
Freezing Point: 518 Deg F
pH Value: 3.5 to 5.5 at 107 Gram per Liter
Application: For Laboratory Chemicals, Synthesis of substances
Linear Formula: NaIO4
Molecular Weight: 213.89 Gram
Physical State: Crystalline
Odor: Odorless
Relative Density: 3.86 Gram per Cubic Centimeter

Specifications of Periodic acid:
Grade: Technical
Other Names: Sodium metaperiodate
Form: Powder
Abbreviations: NaIO4

Appearance (Colour) White
Appearance (Form) Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution Colourless
Assay min. 99.5%
pH (5% aq. solution) 4.0 - 4.5
Loss on drying max. 0.025%
Bromate, Bromide, Chlorate Chloride (Cl) max. 0.01%
Sulphate (SO4) max. 0.01%
Acidity blank for determination of glycerol max. 0.2ml N%
Iodide (I) max. 0.001%
Manganese (Mn) max. 0.0003%
Calcium (Ca) max. 0.002%
Magnesium (Mg) max. 0.002%
Potassium (K) max. 0.005%