Quick Search
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is a chemical compound (specifically, an organic peroxide) with structural formula (C6H5−C(=O)O−)2, often abbreviated as (BzO)2.
In terms of Perkadox L-W75 Powder's structure, the molecule can be described as two benzoyl (C6H5−C(=O)−, Bz) groups connected by a peroxide (−O−O−).
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is a white granular solid with a faint odour of benzaldehyde, poorly soluble in water but soluble in acetone, ethanol, and many other organic solvents.
CAS Number: 94-36-0
Molecular form: C14H10O4
Synonyms:Hydrous Benzoyl Peroxide - API (IP); Benzoic Peroxyanhydride; Benzoyl Peroxide, Hydrous; Acetoxyl; Acne-Aid Cream; Acnegel; Acnezoyl; Benoxyl; Benzac; Benzagel; Benzaknen; Benzashave; Benzoperoxide; Benzoyl Superoxide; Brevoxyl;Debroxide; Degament H; Desanden; Desquam E; Desquam X; Dibenzoyl peroxide; Diphenylglyoxal peroxide; Dry and Clear; Loroxide; Lucidol; Lucidol (peroxide); Peroxide, dibenzoyl (USP)
;BENZOYL PEROXIDE;94-36-0;Peroxide, dibenzoyl;Dibenzoyl peroxide;Benzoyl superoxide;Benzoperoxide;Benoxyl;Lucidol;Oxylite;Persadox;Diphenylglyoxal peroxide;Luperco AST;Loroxide;Theraderm;benzoyl benzenecarboperoxoate;Debroxide;Novadelox;Vanoxide;Acnegel;Incidol;Garox;Topex;Xerac;Luperox fl;Cadox bs;Quinolor compound;Luperco AA;Nayper B and bo;benzoylperoxide;Aztec BPO;Norox bzp-250;Norox bzp-C-35;Superox 744;Oxy 5;Cadox B-CH 50;Benzakne;Benzefoam;Cadet;BZF-60;Peroxide, Benzoyl;Lucidol 75FP;Superoxide, Benzoyl;EPSOLAY;OXY WASH;Bepio;Ins no.928;Diphenylglyoxal Superoxide;NSC-671;NSC-675;Anhydrous benzoyl peroxide;Benzoyl peroxide anhydrous;W9WZN9A0GM;Superoxide, Diphenylglyoxal;Clearasil bp acne treatment;Nyper B;BPO;Ins-928;Nyper BMT;Cuticura acne cream;Lucidol 70;Lucidol 78;NSC671;DTXSID6024591;Clearasil benzoyl peroxide lotion;Cadet BPO 78W;Hydrous benzoyl peroxide;Benzoylis peroxidum cum aqua;DTXCID001072;NSC675;E-928;DUAC COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;ACANYA COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;EPIDUO COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;TWYNEO COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;W 75;BENZACLIN COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;BENZAMYCIN COMPONENT BENZOYL PEROXIDE;BENZOYL PEROXIDE (IARC);BENZOYL PEROXIDE [IARC];BENZOYL PEROXIDE (MART.);BENZOYL PEROXIDE [MART.];BENZOYL PEROXIDE (USP IMPURITY);BENZOYL PEROXIDE [USP IMPURITY];HYDROUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE (USP MONOGRAPH);HYDROUS BENZOYL PEROXIDE [USP MONOGRAPH];Obliterate;Benzepro;Bevoline;Blemish;Caraderma;Myhelper;Relovox;Unblemish;Benzefoam Ultra;Lintera Wash;Replenix Acne;Benzoly Peroxide;Benzoyl Perozide;Breakout Control;Equate Repairing;Unblem Est;Zapzyt Acne;On Target;Oxy 5Vanishing;Acne Gel;Controlling Cream;Nighttime Control;Oc Eight;Skincoach TREAT;Equate Acne Wash;Humane Acne Wash;Oxy 10Vanishing;Oxy 5Tinted;Oxy Face Wash;Pca Skin Acne;Acne Tx Mask;Benzoazeline Forte;Bp Wash;Dr Song Acne;Neutracure Restore;Terminator 10;Vanishing AcneCVS;Kivoria Acne Wash;Spot On Treatment;BP Spot Treatment;HYR Acne Wash;Acne Cleansing Bar;Acne Control Serum;Advanced Acne Wash;All-IN-one
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is an oxidizer, which is principally used in the production of polymers.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is mainly used in production of plastics and for bleaching flour, hair, plastics and textiles.
As a bleach, Perkadox L-W75 Powder has been used as a medication and a water disinfectant.
As a medication, benzoyl peroxide is mostly used to treat acne, either alone or in combination with other treatments.
Some versions are sold mixed with antibiotics such as clindamycin.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is available as an over-the-counter and generic medication.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is also used in dentistry for teeth whitening.
In 2021, Perkadox L-W75 Powder was the 284th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 700,000 prescriptions.
History
Perkadox L-W75 Powder was first prepared and described by Justus von Liebig in 1858.
Donald Holroyde Hey FRS (12 September 1904 – 21 January 1987) was a Welsh organic chemist who inferred that the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide generated free phenyl radicals.
Structure and reactivity
The original 1858 synthesis by Liebig reacted Perkadox L-W75 Powder with barium peroxide, a reaction that probably follows this equation:
2 C6H5C(O)Cl + BaO2 → (C6H5CO)2O2 + BaCl2
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions.
2 C6H5COCl + H2O2 + 2 NaOH → (C6H5CO)2O2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H2O
The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak.
Thus, bPerkadox L-W75 Powder readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals:
(C6H5CO)2O2 → 2 C6H5CO•2
The symbol • indicates that the products are radicals; i.e., they contain at least one unpaired electron.
Such species are highly reactive.
The homolysis is usually induced by heating.
The half-life of Perkadox L-W75 Powder is one hour at 92 °C. At 131 °C, the half-life is one minute.
In 1901, Perkadox L-W75 Powder was observed that the compound made the tincture of guaiacum tincture turn blue, a sign of oxygen being released.
Around 1905, Loevenhart reported on the successful use of Perkadox L-W75 Powder to treat various skin conditions, including burns, chronic varicose leg tumors, and tinea sycosis.
He also reported animal experiments that showed the relatively low toxicity of the compound.
Treatment with Perkadox L-W75 Powder was proposed for wounds in 1929, and for sycosis vulgaris and acne varioliformis in 1934.
However, preparations were often of questionable quality.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder was officially approved for the treatment of acne in the US in 1960.
Polymerization
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is mainly used as a radical initiator to induce chain-growth polymerization reactions, such as for polyester and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins and dental cements and restoratives.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is the most important among the various organic peroxides used for this purpose, a relatively safe alternative to the much more hazardous methyl ethyl ketone peroxide.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is also used in rubber curing and as a finishing agent for some acetate yarns.
Other uses
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is effective for treating acne lesions.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder does not induce antibiotic resistance.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder may be combined with salicylic acid, sulfur, erythromycin or clindamycin (antibiotics), or adapalene (a synthetic retinoid).
Two common combination drugs include benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin and adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, adapalene being a chemically stable retinoid that can be combined with benzoyl peroxide unlike tezarotene and tretinoin.
Combination products such as Perkadox L-W75 Powder/clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide/salicylic acid appear to be slightly more effective than benzoyl peroxide alone for the treatment of acne lesions.
The combination tretinoin/Perkadox L-W75 Powder was approved for medical use in the United States in 2021.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder for acne treatment is typically applied to the affected areas in gel, cream, or liquid, in concentrations of 2.5% increasing through 5.0%, and up to 10%.
No strong evidence supports the idea that higher concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are more effective than lower concentrations.
Mechanism of action
Classically, Perkadox L-W75 Powder is thought to have a three-fold activity in treating acne.
Perkadox L-W75 Powder is sebostatic, comedolytic, and inhibits growth of Cutibacterium acnes, the main bacterium associated with acne.
In general, acne vulgaris is a hormone-mediated inflammation of sebaceous glands and hair follicles.
Hormone changes cause an increase in keratin and sebum production, leading to blocked drainage. C. acnes has many lytic enzymes that break down the proteins and lipids in the sebum, leading to an inflammatory response.
The free-radical reaction of Perkadox L-W75 Powder can break down the keratin, therefore unblocking the drainage of sebum (comedolytic).
Perkadox L-W75 Powder can cause nonspecific peroxidation of C. acnes, making it bactericidal, and it was thought to decrease sebum production, but disagreement exists within the literature on this.
Some evidence suggests that Perkadox L-W75 Powder has an anti-inflammatory effect as well.
In micromolar concentrations Perkadox L-W75 Powder prevents neutrophils from releasing reactive oxygen species, part of the inflammatory response in acne.
Side effects
Application of Perkadox L-W75 Powder to the skin may result in redness, burning, and irritation.
This side effect is dose-dependent.
Because of these possible side effects, Perkadox L-W75 Powder is recommended to start with a low concentration and build up as appropriate, as the skin gradually develops tolerance to the medication.
Skin sensitivity typically resolves after a few weeks of continuous use.
Irritation can also be reduced by avoiding harsh facial cleansers and wearing sunscreen prior to sun exposure.
One in 500 people experience hypersensitivity to Perkadox L-W75 Powder and are liable to experience burning, itching, crusting, and possibly swelling.
About one-third of people experience phototoxicity under exposure to ultraviolet (UVB) light.
