PHTHALIC ACID

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with the formula C6H4(CO2H)2.
Phthalic acid is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
Although phthalic acid is of modest commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commercial chemical produced on a large scale.

CAS Number: 88-99-3
EC Number: 201-873-2
IUPAC Name: Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Chemical formula: C8H6O4

Other names: o-phthalic acid, benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, o-dicarboxybenzene, o-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Acide phtalique, Kyselina ftalova, ortho-phthalic acid, Sunftal 20, CCRIS 1446, HSDB 1339, NSC 5348, EINECS 201-873-2, UNII-6O7F7IX66E, BRN 0608199, 6O7F7IX66E, o-Carboxybenzoic acid, DTXSID8021484, CHEBI:29069, AI3-02409, NSC-5348, DTXCID901484, EC 201-873-2, 4-09-00-03167 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), PHTHALIC ACID (USP-RS), PHTHALIC ACID [USP-RS], PHTHALIC ACID (USP IMPURITY), PHTHALIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], FLUORESCEIN IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), FLUORESCEIN IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], FLUORESCEIN SODIUM IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), FLUORESCEIN SODIUM IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, 201-873-2, 88-99-3, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, Pathalic acid, MFCD00002467, Orthophthalic acid, PhthalicAcid-13C2, CHEMBL1045, 254110-94-6, Phthalic-13C Acid, PHTHALICACID, Copper(ii)phthalate, Phthalic Acid-13C2, Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic Acid (Phthalic Acid), Acide phtalique [French], Kyselina ftalova [Czech], Alizarinate, Naphthalinate, Phthalinate, Alizarinic acid, Phthalinic acid, Naphthalinic acid, o-Carboxybenzoate, 4kww, folpet TP2, phthalsäure, Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic Acid; Phthalic acid; Fluorescein Sodium Imp. B (EP); Fluorescein Imp. B (EP); Fluorescein Sodium Impurity B; Fluorescein Impurity B, o-Benzenedicarboxylate, Phthalic acid, ~99%, WLN: QVR BVQ, Phthalic acid (Standard), Phthalate standard for IC, Phthalic acid, 99.5%, benzoic acid, 2-carboxy-, bmse000391, LEADPHTHALATE,DIBASIC, PHTHALIC ACID [MI], Picoxystrobin metabolite 15, SCHEMBL1808, PHTHALIC ACID [HSDB], 57142-78-6, MLS002152931, SCHEMBL160051, SCHEMBL490677, SCHEMBL596041, SCHEMBL4652941, SCHEMBL9158798, HY-I0508R, NSC5348, HMS3039E17, HMS3604J03, HMS5085I10, Phthalic acid, analytical standard, BCP15370, EKA11094, HY-I0508, STR06656, VCA83883, Phthalic acid, reagent grade, 98%, Tox21_200915, BDBM50080272, MSK000852, s6215, SBB058481, STL168879, AKOS000118898, DB02746, FP27023, CAS-88-99-3, NCGC00090869-01, NCGC00090869-02, NCGC00258469-01, Phthalic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, AC-14464, BP-21159, DA-48993, DA-76837, SMR001224528, CS-0009407, NS00008610, P0287, Phthalic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, ST50192167, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid;M 2;NSC 5348, EN300-17992, Phthalic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, C01606, Phthalic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Phthalic acid, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (T), AB-131/40237186, Q423876, Z57127456, F3110-2832, Phthalic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Phthalic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C8H6O4/c9-7(10)5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(11)12/h1-4H,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)

Phthalic acid is one of the three isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
Phthalic acid is produced by the direct catalytic oxidation of naphthalene or ortho-xylene to phthalic anhydride followed by hydrolysis of the anhydride.

Phthalic acid was first obtained by the French chemist Auguste Laurent in 1836 by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride.
Believing that the resulting substance was a derivative of naphthalene, he named it "naphthalic acid".

After Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac determined the correct formula, Laurent gave it its current name.
Production methods in the nineteenth century included the oxidation of naphthalene tetrachloride with nitric acid, or better, the oxidation of the hydrocarbon with fuming sulfuric acid using mercury or mercury(II) sulfate as a catalyst.
Naphthalene yields phthalic acid in oxidation with potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate.

Reactions and uses
phthalic acid crystals
Phthalic acid is a dibasic acid with pKas of 2.89 and 5.51.
Phthalic acid monopotassium salt, potassium hydrogen phthalate, is a standard acid in analytical chemistry.
Typically, phthalate esters are prepared from widely available phthalic anhydride.
Reduction of phthalic acid with sodium amalgam in the presence of water gives the 1,3-cyclohexadiene derivative.

Safety
The toxicity of phthalic acid to phthalic acid is moderate with an LD50 (mouse) of 550 mg/kg.

biodegradation
Phthalic acid bacteria Pseudomonas sp. P1 degrades phthalic acid.

General description
Phthalic acid (PA) is the final metabolite of phthalic acid esters (PAEs).
The interaction between phthalic acid and well-ordered MgO(100) (magnesium oxide) thin films was investigated.
Phthalic acid activity of activated carbon suspended in aqueous medium was analyzed for PA adsorption.
Phthalic acid degradation of PA by oxidation by electro-Fenton (EF) and solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF) has been reported.

Application
Phthalic acid can be used as an additive to the mobile phase to increase the detection sensitivity of amino acids (AAs) by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).

Phthalates are widely used in many personal care products, cosmetics and plastics (softening products made from these materials, especially vinyl plastics), paper coating, paints and adhesives.
Although the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics reveals the presence of phthalates in nail polish as an ingredient only, phthalates can be detected in many of the products evaluated, even products that do not contain phthalates on their labels.

Shampoo, body deodorant, body wash, hair spray and hair gel are examples.
Although phthalate levels in bottled waters have been found to be low, overconsumption of such waters raises concerns.
It is recommended to pay special attention to the storage conditions of phthalic acid in bottles.
Surprisingly, nutritional supplements for enteric-coated pharmaceutical tablets and viscosity control agents also contain phthalates.

DEHP is commonly applied in medical devices, including cardiac catheters, endotracheal tubes, and some implanted devices, while DINP is commonly found in wires, cables, hoses, and plastic toys.
Unfortunately, plastic containers such as food trucks are the main source of DEHP, where phthalates are physically dissolved in the plastic and not by chemical bonding.
It is claimed that phthalic acid, phthalates, was never used in the marketing of plastic food packaging in the United States.
According to the literature in the Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units program, some recommendations should be kept in mind to prevent the release of phthalates from plastic containers: Food/beverage and plastic clean packaging should not be heated in the microwave in plastic containers, nor should plastics be stored. placed in the dishwasher.
Safe alternatives such as glass or polyethylene plastics and phthalate-free labels are highly recommended.

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with the formula C6H4(COOH)2.
Phthalic acid is mainly used in its anhydride form to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many other useful products.
Phthalic acid results from exposure to these phthalate products when present in tissues or biological fluids.

Phthalate is an environmental chemical of high public concern, as reports of potential risks to male reproductive health (PMID 16804814) are significantly associated with the reduction of sperm concentration in male urine to pesticide concentration (PMID 16804812).
Within the reproductive tract, the male is extremely sensitive to the effects of anti-androgens during development, as it depends on the synthesis and action of androgens for masculinization of the male reproductive tract.
The ability of phthalates to suppress androgen synthesis during development and to induce testicular dysgenesis with cryptorchidism and hypospadias has raised significant concern.

Phthalic acid is an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with the formula C6H4(CO2H)2. It is an isomer of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.
Although phthalic acid is of modest commercial importance, the closely related derivative phthalic anhydride is a commercial chemical produced on a large scale.
Phthalic acid is one of the three isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid.

Phthalic acid, also called 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic Acid, is a colorless, crystalline organic compound usually produced and sold in the form of its anhydride.
Phthalic acid annual production of phthalic anhydride exceeded 1,000,000 metric tons in the late 20th century; Most were used as a component of polyesters, including alkyd resins (tools for paints and enamels) and simple esters used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride and other polymers.
Smaller amounts were consumed in the production of anthraquinone (a dye intermediate), phenolphthalein (a laxative and acid-base indicator), and phthalocyanine pigments.

Personal protection: respirator with particulate filter adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.
Sweep up spilled material into closed containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Wash off the remainder with plenty of water.

Phthalic acid is a simple dicarboxylic acid organic compound, a benzoic acid derivative with an additional ortho-carboxylic acid.
Phthalic acid is most commonly discussed in relation to its ester derivatives or Phthalic anhydride (sc-203189), both of which are used as industrial plasticizers in the manufacture of polyvinylchlorides and other plastics.

Phthalic acid esters are thought to function as endocrine disruptors with detrimental effects on development in animals.
The phthalic acid ester derivative di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate has been specifically shown to interfere with the conversion of tryptophan to endogenous niacin in rats.
The monopotassium salt of phthalic acid (KHP, sc-203363) is useful as a primary acid standard in analysis and in the preparation of volumetric solutions.

Phthalates are dialkyl or alkyl aryl ester derivatives of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid.
They are often used as plasticizers to improve the flexibility and durability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based plastics, and less important phthalate applications include ink components, adhesive materials, lacquers, sealants and packaging materials, as well as additives in other types of cosmetics.

Phthalates are not chemically bound to plastic, so it is suspected that most of the phthalates in the environment come from phthalate-containing products and the adsorption performance of dimethyl phthalate (DMP).
Phthalates can migrate from a plastic material to the environment with which they are in contact.
Various factors such as polymer properties, amount of plasticizer, plasticization process, temperature and contact area can affect their migration.

As a type of endocrine disrupting chemical, phthalic acid esters (PAEs) exhibit estrogenic effects and various biological toxicities.
Research has shown that PAEs can reduce fertility and pregnancy rates and increase miscarriages and other pregnancy complications in humans and animal models.
Some PAEs and their metabolites produce reproductive and developmental toxicities in laboratory animals.

Toxicological evaluation of phthalic acid of these chemicals has shown that low molecular weight phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) can cause eye, nose and throat irritation.
However, several larger phthalate molecules, such as Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP), and Diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), are suspected to be cancer-causing agents in humans.

It can harm the development of the liver and kidneys, reproductive organs, and inhibit development by acting as a mimic of the sex hormone estrogen.
Phthalic acid PAEs have become one of the major pollutants in wastewater, and increased awareness of phthalate ester toxicity has raised concerns about the fate of such pollutants and their removal from the environment.
The phthalic acid properties, toxicity and removal methods of PAEs have been reviewed by various authors.

Phthalic acid is the main degradation product of phthalic acid anhydride and various phthalate esters and exists in solution as neutral acid or negatively charged anions, hydrogen phthalate (H-PA−) and phthalate (PA2−), depending on pH. The value of H2-PA is 2.9 and 5.4.

The main objective of this study was to remove phthalic acid (also known as orthophthalic acid, OPA) and isophthalic acid (IPA) in aqueous solution using a strong basic anion exchange resin.
The effects of various factors such as resin dosage, initial solution pH and reaction temperature on OPA and IPA removal were systematically investigated.
Next, uptake kinetics were studied to understand the resin uptake process and analyze the rate control step.
In addition, the desorption performance of the resin was evaluated.

Phthalic acid is an organic compound derived from benzene and used in the manufacture of dyes, perfumes, medicines and synthetic fibers.
Phthalic acid has the chemical formula C6H4(CO2H)2 and contains a six-carbon benzene ring with two carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) attached.

Phthalic acid IUPAC name is 1,2-,benzenedicarboxylic acid.
Phthalic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic compound often produced and marketed as anhydride.
In the late twentieth century, annual production of phthalic anhydride exceeded 1,000,000 metric tons; the majority was used as a component of polyesters such as alkyd resins.

Smaller amounts have been used in the manufacture of anthraquinone (a dye intermediate), phenolphthalein (a laxative and acid-base indicator), and phthalocyanine pigments.
Phthalic Acid is the main chemical compound applied as anhydride to create chemicals such as dyes, phthalates, saccharin, perfumes and many other useful products.
The boiling point of phthalic acid is 289 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition).

Phthalic Acid Structure
The structure of phthalic acid is very similar to that of aromatic carboxylic acid and is therefore known as one of the simplest acids of this family.
Since phthalic acid is chemically known as benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, it is clear from its name that it consists of a benzene ring linked by two carboxyl groups at position 1 and 2 of the phthalic acid structure, or in other words, an additional benzene ring. carboxyl group attached to benzoic acid in the ortho position.

Therefore, the chemical formula of phthalic acid or phthalic acid formula is C6H4(CO2H)2; this means that it is a six-carbon ring with a double bond alternating to one of its carbon atoms with a carboxyl group (-COOH), making it aromatic in nature. aromatic benzene ring and other carboxyl group (-COOH) in the ortho position.
This acid is very stable by nature and is considered a weak acid, but reacts strongly with strong bases. Phthalic acid The structure of phthalic acid is shown below.

Phthalic Acid Production
Phthalic acid is produced following the direct catalytic oxidation of naphthalene or ortho-xylene to phthalic anhydride and hydrolysis of anhydride.
French chemist Auguste Laurent developed phthalic acid by oxidizing naphthalene tetrachloride in 1836.

He named the resulting product "naphthalic acid" because he thought it was a naphthalene derivative.
Laurent gave it its current name after Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac determined its correct formula. The oxidation of naphthalene tetrachloride with nitric acid, or better still, the oxidation of the hydrocarbon with fumed sulfuric acid using mercury or mercury(II) sulfate as a catalyst was a popular manufacturing process in the nineteenth century.

Phthalic Acid Reactions
It is a dibasic acid with pKas of 2.89 and 5.51. In analytical chemistry, potassium hydrogen phthalate, a monopotassium salt, is a regular acid.
Typically, phthalate esters are made from readily available phthalic anhydride.
The 1,3-cyclohexadiene derivative is produced by reduction of phthalic acid with sodium amalgam in the presence of water.

Phthalic Acid Formula
Phthalic acid is a benzene dicarboxylic acid with two carboxy groups in the ortho places.
Phthalic acid acts as a xenobiotic metabolite in humans. It is phthalate(1-) and phthalate conjugate acid.
The phthalic acid structure is shown in the diagram below.

Phthalic Acid Uses
There are several uses of phthalic acid:
Phthalic acid is mainly used in its anhydride form to produce other chemicals such as dyes, perfumes, saccharin, phthalates and many other useful products.
Plasticizers such as phthalic acid esters (phthalates) are used in a wide variety of consumer goods, commodities and building materials.
As a result, phthalates can be present in high concentrations in both the air and dust of people's homes and workplaces.
Phthalates are also commonly found pollutants in food and the environment.

Can Phthalic Acid Be Dangerous?
Irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract may occur after exposure to this compound.
Phthalic acid can cause narcosis in high concentrations.

Phthalic acid is a carboxylic acid.
Extreme heat has a negative effect on this chemical.

Anhydrite Phthalic: Meaning, Uses and Formula
The organic compound is phthalic anhydride, formula - C8H4O3.
Phthalic acid is the anhydride of phthalic acid.

The most common commercial form of phthalic acid is phthalic anhydride.
Phthalic acid was the first commercially available dicarboxylic acid anhydride.

Phthalic anhydride is a colorless to white shiny solid that comes in the form of a needle and has a faint odour.
Irritating to skin and moderately harmful if inhaled or swallowed.

The oxidation of naphthalene in concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of mercury sulfate was the first step in the production of phthalic anhydride.
The off-gases are cooled before passing to switch condensers, where the phthalic anhydride solidifies on the walls and is recovered by sublimation.

Anhydrite phthalic is used in a wide variety of applications worldwide, from the plastics industry to resin synthesis, agricultural fungicides and amines.
Phthalic acid is currently made by oxidizing o-xylene and naphthalene in the steam process.
This is the structure of phthalic anhydride:

Phthalic Anhydride Reactions
The reaction of phthalic anhydride, or acid, with alcohol, produces phthalic acid esters, which are used in diffusion pumps and to replace mercury in manometers.

Diethyl and dihexyl esters are widely used in this application. Insect repellents such as dimethyl phthalate are effective.
Phthalic anhydride is widely used in the production of what are called alkyd resins. Polyesters of acids with two carboxyl groups and polyhydric alcohols form these resins.

The acidic imino hydrogen atom of phthalic acid between the two carbonyl groups causes the phthalimide to form metallic salts.
Phthalimide phthalic acid potassium salt, as you may remember, is used in Gabriel's amine and amino acid synthesis.
As mentioned earlier, the Hofmann degradation of phthalimide provides a convenient method for obtaining anthranilic acid.
When phthalic anhydride is cold treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, acidified monoperphthalic acid is formed.

What Does Phthalic Acid Mean?
Phthalic acid (PA) is a chemical substance, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C6H4(COOH)2.
Phthalic acid is primarily used to make corrosion inhibitors applied to metal substrate surfaces.

Corrosionpedia Explains Phthalic Acid
Phthalic acid is produced in end-stage metabolites of phthalic acid esters.
Phthalic acid interacts with magnesium oxide films to form the following inhibitory mechanisms on a substrate metal to be protected:

Absorption by chemical adsorption process, which together with metallic ions forms a protective film
Increased resistance of a metal to environmental factors by self-leveling of individual protective oxides
Reaction with a potentially corrosive substance in the presence of water
Care should be taken when using phthalic acid as it is very corrosive and can cause irritation to human skin, eyes and respiratory tract.