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Phytol naphthoquinone is a member of 1,4-naphthoquinones.
Both vitamins K3 and K4 may produce hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus in neonates as well as hemolysis in neonates and glucose-6-phosphate–deficient patients.
In fact, the only advantage of Phytol naphthoquinone over vitamin K1 is that whereas absorption of vitamin K1 requires the presence of bile, absorption of vitamins K3 and K4 does not, because they are absorbed via a passive process directly from the intestine.
CAS: 12001-79-5
MF: C31H46O2
MW: 450.7
EINECS: 234-408-7
Synonyms
vitamine K;VITAMIN K;Synkavite;2-methyl-3-[(E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-enyl]naphthalene-1,4-dione;VITAMIN K1 USP23;Kanavit;Vitamin K substances;C01628
Phytol naphthoquinone may be a slight advantage for patients with cholestasis or severe pancreatic dysfunction.
Only Phytol naphthoquinone, however, is appropriate therapy for bleeding associated with warfarin and superwarfarin anticoagulation.
Phytol naphthoquinone is not used therapeutically.
Phytol naphthoquinone antagonists, such as warfarin, produce their effect on blood coagulation by interfering with the cyclic interconversion of vitamin K and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide.
Phytol naphthoquinone is an essential cofactor necessary for the posttranslational carboxylation of the glutamic acid residues on the N-terminal portions of the specific clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) and anticoagulant proteins, such as protein C.
This γ-glutamyl carboxylation results in a new amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamate, which through chelation of calcium ions causes the proteins to undergo a conformational change.
This change in tertiary structure allows the four Phytol naphthoquinone–dependent clotting factors to become activated and bind to the negatively charged phospholipid membranes during clotting cascade activation.
The half-life of Phytol naphthoquinone is quite short—only 1.7 hours via the intravenous route and 3–5 hours via the oral route.
When given orally, Phytol naphthoquinone is absorbed directly from the proximal small intestine in an energy-dependent and saturable process that requires the presence of bile salts.
These kinetic features argue for administration in divided doses rather than larger, single daily doses.
The typical starting point for adults with drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia is 2.5 to 10 mg of Phytol naphthoquinone orally, repeating in 12 to 48 hours if needed.
In cases of ingestion of long-acting superwarfarin rodenticides (e.g., brodifacoum), therapy may be 125 mg/day for weeks or months.
Practically speaking, because Phytol naphthoquinone is dispensed as 5-mg tablets, superwarfarin-poisoned patients may require 10 to 30 tablets every 6 hours.
Phytol naphthoquinoneis a fat-soluble vitamin, which is primarily sourced from leafy green vegetables, and is also synthesized by gut microbiota.
Phytol naphthoquinone's mode of action involves functioning as a crucial cofactor for the enzyme gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, which catalyzes the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues on proteins required for blood coagulation.
This modification enables the calcium-binding capacity of these proteins, facilitating essential physiological processes such as coagulation, bone metabolism, and vascular biology.
The applications of Phytol naphthoquinone are extensive within biological systems.
Phytol naphthoquinone is critical for maintaining hemostatic balance by aiding in the synthesis of clotting factors such as prothrombin and factors VII, IX, and X.
Additionally, Phytol naphthoquinone-dependent proteins, such as osteocalcin and matrix Gla-protein, play a role in bone mineralization and the inhibition of vascular calcification, respectively.
Research continues to explore the broader implications of Phytol naphthoquinone, including its potential roles in cellular signaling and regulation, which may hold significance in areas such as cancer biology and chronic disease management.
Phytol naphthoquinone is a group of fat soluble vitamins, important for the function of numerous proteins within the body, such as the coagulation factors, osteocalcin and matrix-Gla protein.
Phytol naphthoquinone is a member of 1,4-naphthoquinones.
|A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting.
Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: Phytol naphthoquinone (phytomenadione) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione).
Phytol naphthoquinone provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K.
Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
Phytol naphthoquinone Chemical Properties
Melting point: −20 °C(lit.)
density: 0.984 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index: n20/D 1.527(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Soluble in DMSO
form: viscous liquid
color: Light yellow to yellow
LogP: 10.305 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 12001-79-5
IARC: 3 (Vol. 76) 2000
EPA Substance Registry System: Phytol naphthoquinone (12001-79-5)
Physical and Chemical Properties
White or yellowish crystalline powder.
Odorless or slightly malodorous with acetic acid.
Melting point 112-114 °c.
Insoluble in water.
Slightly soluble in ice ethanol.
Soluble in boiling ethanol.
Use
Phytol naphthoquinone is a hemostatic drug.
For prothrombin too low disease, Phytol naphthoquinone deficiency, the prevention and treatment of neonatal natural hemorrhagic disease, due to the service of dicoumarin, salicylic acid and other excessive caused by bleeding.
Phytol naphthoquinone is effective for angina caused by biliary Ascaris lumbricoides and the like.
Side effects for oral often cause Nausea, Vomit and other gastrointestinal reactions.
Clinical Use
Phytol naphthoquinone is the form of vitamin K most often used therapeutically.
Phytol naphthoquinone is safe for use in infants, pregnant women, and patients with glucose-6-phosphate deficiency.
