Quick Search
Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether the composite adsorbent is light yellow liquid, has the advantages of good chemical stability, no corrosion, no toxicity, low specific heat, low vapor pressure, low viscosity, low regeneration heat consumption and the like, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is used as an absorbent .
CAS NUMBER: 24991-55-7
SYNONYM:
Glyme-23; Polyglyme; PEG-10 dimethyl ether; Glycols, polyethylene, dimethyl ether; Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Polyoxyethylene dimethyl ether; Dimethoxy polyethylene glycol; Polyglyme; Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-methyl-omega-methoxy-; Glycols, polyethylene, dimethyl ether
We propose in this work a Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (MW 500) dissolving lithium trifluoromethansulfonate (LiCF3SO3) salt as suitable electrolyte media for a safe and efficient use of the lithium metal anode in battery. Voltammetry and galvanostatic tests reveal significant enhancement of the electrolyte characteristics, in terms of cycling life and chemical stability, by the addition of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) to the solution. Furthermore, PFG NMR measurements suggest the applicability of the electrolyte in battery in terms of ionic conductivity, lithium transference number, ionic-association degree and self-diffusion coefficient. Accordingly, the electrolyte is employed in a lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate as the selected cathode. The battery delivers a stable capacity of 150 mAh g−1 and flat working voltage of 3.5 V, thus leading to a theoretical energy density referred to the cathode of 520 Wh kg−1. This battery is considered a suitable energy storage system for advanced applications requiring both high safety and high energy density. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) of the Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether 2000 (PEGDME2000) + dipotassium oxalate + H2O system have been determined experimentally at T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K.
The effect of temperature on the binodal curves and tie-lines has also been studied. The Graber et al., Merchuk, and empirical equations were used to correlate the binodal data of this system with the temperature dependence expressed in the linear form with (T – T0) K as a variable. Furthermore, we used the Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft and a temperature-dependent Setschenow-type equation for the correlation and prediction of the liquid–liquid phase behavior of the studied system. The effective excluded volume (EEV) values obtained from the binodal model for this system and other aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether –salt systems were determined, and the relation between these values and salting-out ability of different salts was discussed. Also, the effects of type of the polymers Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether and Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether on LLE are discussed. Finally, the free energies of cloud points for this system were calculated. According to the results it was concluded that the increase of the entropy is a driving force for the formation of the studied aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
Cross-linked network solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by means ofin situ hydrosilylation between poly[hydromethylslioxane-g-oligo(ethylene oxide)] and diallyl or triallyl group-containing poly(ethylene glycols). The conductivities of the resulting polymer electrolytes were greatly enhanced upon the addition of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) as an ion-conducting plasticizer. Conductivities of the cross-linked polymer electrolytes were more dependent on the molecular weight of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether than on the cross-linkers. The maximum conductivity was found to be 5.6 × 10−4S/cm at 30°C for the sample containing 75 wt% of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (M n = 400). These electrolytes exhibited electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V against the lithium reference electrode. We observed reversible electrochemical plating/stripping of lithium on the nickel electrode. Cross-linked network solid polymer electrolytes were prepared by means ofin situ hydrosilylation between poly[hydromethylslioxane-g-oligo(ethylene oxide)] and diallyl or triallyl group-containing poly(ethylene glycols).
The conductivities of the resulting polymer electrolytes were greatly enhanced upon the addition of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) as an ion-conducting plasticizer. Conductivities of the cross-linked polymer electrolytes were more dependent on the molecular weight of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether than on the cross-linkers. The maximum conductivity was found to be 5.6 × 10−4S/cm at 30°C for the sample containing 75 wt% of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (M n = 400). These electrolytes exhibited electrochemical stability up to 4.5 V against the lithium reference electrode. We observed reversible electrochemical plating/stripping of lithium on the nickel electrode.A simple, and practical oxidative scission of aromatic olefins to carbonyl compounds using O2 as the sole oxidant with Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether as a benign solvent has been developed. A wide range of monosubstituted, gem-disubstituted, 1,2-disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted aromatic olefins was successfully converted into the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields even with gram–scale reaction. Some control experiments were also conducted to support a possible reaction pathway.
The selective oxidative scission of olefins is a practiced transformation in organic synthesis. The produced carbonyl compounds are valuable intermediates in pharmaceuticals, fragrances, agrochemicals and bulk chemical industries. The two-step ozonolysis is the conventional method to convert olefins into carbonyl compounds (Scheme 1a).In recent years, the ozone was replaced by other oxidants, such as H2O2, oxone, TBHP,m-CPBA, KMnO4, PhIO/HBF4 (Scheme 1b). However, the super stoichiometric use of expensive and toxic oxidants leads to a large amount of resource waste and environmental pollution. Molecular oxygen is regarded as an ideal oxidant due to Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is easy availability, cheapness, environmental benignity and good functional-group tolerance. Recently, a series oxidative scission of olefins to carbonyl compounds with O2 as the sole oxidant, catalysed by organocatalysts NHPI, AIBN, B2pin2, TEMPO, transitional-metal complexes Pd, Cu, Fe, Ni, CAN, as well as photocatalysts and electrocatalysts, have been reported (Scheme 1c). However, some shortcomings including non-commercial available catalysts, expensive additives, inevitable residual transitional-metals, and excess amount of volatile organic solvents limit their application in industry. Very recently, although a 1,2-diethoxyethane catalysed oxidative scission of olefins to ketones by air has been achieved, the olefins are limited to gem-disubstituted aromatic alkenes. Therefore, developing a wide applicable strategy for the oxidative scission of olefins to aldehydes and ketones is highly desirable but still remains a challenge.
Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether has been attracting increasing interest due to its benign characteristics involving lower cost, non-volatilization, and non-toxicity, etc.To continue our interest in developing environmental benign synthetic reactions.Herein we report a simple and practical oxidative scission of a wide range of monosubstituted, gem- and 1,2-disubstituted, trisubstituted, and tetrasubstituted aromatic olefins to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones by OOur studies were started with gem-diphenylethylene (1a) as a model substrate (Table 1). When the oxidation scission of 1a was performed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) at 130 °C or under reflux condition with O2 as the sole oxidant, only trace amount of diphenylmethanone (2a) was observed (entries 1–4). To our delight, the desired product 2a was detected by HPLC with 73% yield in 1,4-dioxane at 100 °C for 10 hours (entry 5). However, when 1,4-dioxane was replaced by morpholine, the yield decreased to 49% (entry 6). To improve the reaction efficiency, ethylene glycol (EG), triethylene glycol (TEG), and a series of ethers including ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DEGMME), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DEGDME), dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether (DPGMME), and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (DPGDME) were screened as a solvent at 130 °C for 10 hours, providing 54–94% yields (entries 7–14). Moreover, it was found that the environmentally friendly poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) gave 96% and 99% yield, respectively (entries 15–16).
Therefore, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether was demonstrated to be the best solvent. Next, the effect of the reaction temperature was examined. The yield of 2a remained at 99% when the reaction temperature dropped to 110 °C, but lower yield of 78% was observed at 100 °C (entries 17–18). Shorter reaction time was also attempted, the results revealed that the yield remained at 99% at 8 hours (entries 19–20). When the reaction was performed under air atmosphere, the yield decreased to 35% (entry 21). In addition, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether was found that the higher concentration of 1a led to lower yield of 2a (entries 22–23). Finally, the entry 19 was regarded as the optimal reaction conditions, 1a (0.5 mmol), PEGDME (1 mL), under O2 atmosphere, 110 °C, and 8 hours.2 with PEGDME as a benign solvent.
With the optimized reaction conditions in hand, the scope of various olefins was investigated. As shown in Scheme 2, the oxidative scission of gem-diphenylethylenes bearing electron-donating group (Me, OMe) at the ortho-, meta- or para position, of the phenyl proceeded successfully to give the corresponding 2b–2g with >98% yield. In addition, the halogen element (F, Cl, Br) substituted gem-diphenylethylenes were also gave corresponding ketones 2h–2l in 90–99% yields. The halogen substituents are useful entities amenable to further transformation in organic synthesis. The gem-diphenylethylenes with meta-substituted electron-withdrawing group CF3 gave higher yield than the ortho-substituted one (2m: 73%, 2n: 99%). The gem-diphenylethylenes with two or three substituents on the phenyls also gave the desired products 2o–2u in 86–99% yields. When phenyl of gem-diphenylethylene was replaced by naphthyl, thienyl and pyridyl, the oxidative scission also proceeded smoothly, affording the corresponding products 2v–2x in 60–95% yields. To our delighted, the substrates containing fluorene or thioxanthene moiety also provided the desired ketones 2y and 2z in 87% and 85% yields. Furthermore, the aryl-alkyl disubstituted olefins like α-methylstyrene and α-cyclopropylstyrene were also applicable to this oxidative scission. The corresponding ketones 2aa and 2ab were obtained in 99% and 93% yields.
Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ethers are also important building blocks in fine chemicals. And then, we examined this oxidative scission of olefins to prepare aldehydes. As shown in Scheme 3, the monosubstituted, 1,2-disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted aromatic olefins were also subjected to this transformation. For example, the monosubstituted aromatic olefine 1ac was cleavaged to give 4-bromobenzaldehyde (2ac) in 92% yield under standard conditions. Benzaldehyde 2ad was obtained as the sole product in 95% yield by the oxidative scission of 1,2-disubstituted aromatic olefine 1ad. Interestingly, the 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (1ae) can be cleavaged to 1,4-phthalaldehyde (2ae) and 2-methylbenzaldehyde (2ae') in 83% and 82% yield. When trisubstituted 1,1-diphenyl-2-(4-bromophenyl)ethene (1af) and triphenylethylene (1ag) were used as substrates, the corresponding products 4-bromobenzaldehyde (2ac), benzaldehyde (2ad) and diphenylmethanone (2a) were obtained in about 90% yields. Finally, the tetraphenylethylene (1ah) was also subjected to this oxidative scission, less than 5% yield was obtained even if elevating the temperature to 150 °C and extending the reaction time to 24 hours. To understand the reaction pathway, control experiments were conducted. As shown in Scheme 4, when the oxidative scission of gem-diphenylethylene (1a) was carried out under N2 atmosphere, no product 2a was observed. Only a trace amount of oxidation product 2a was detected in the presence of a radical scavenger 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) under optimal conditions.
Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether means that a radical reaction pathway might be involved. When 2,2-diphenyloxirane (3a) was used as the starting material, the desired ketone 2a could be obtained in 99% yield, indicating that 3a might be a key intermediate of this oxidative scission reaction. Based on the control experiments and reported work,20 a plausible reaction pathway was proposed as shown in Scheme 5. Firstly, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether was oxidized by O2 to produce a peroxyl radical 3a′. Secondly, 3,3-diphenyl-1,2-dioxetane (1a′) was formed by the oxidation of gem-diphenylethylene (1a) with 3a′ as an oxidant, regenerating PEGDME concurrently. And then, 1a′ is converted to the more stable key intermediate 2,2-diphenyloxirane (3a) with one equivalent of 1a. Finally, 3a was converted to give the product 2a with 3a′ as an oxidant. To further demonstrate the practicality of this oxidative scission reaction, as shown in Scheme 6, a gram–scale reaction of gem-diphenylethylene (1a; 1.80 g, 10 mmol) was conducted under O2 atmosphere in Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether at 110 °C for 10 hours, the product diphenylmethanone (2a) was isolated in 96% yield (1.75 g). In summary, we have developed an oxidative scission of aromatic olefins to carbonyl compounds using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant with Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether as solvent. A wide range of monosubstituted, gem- and 1,2-disubstituted, trisubstituted, and tetrasubstituted aromatic olefins were oxidized to aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields. A reaction pathway was proposed based on some control experiments. A successful gram–scale reaction also demonstrated its practicability.
IUPAC NAME:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-methyl-omega-methoxy-; omega-Methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) ; alpha-Methyl-omega-methoxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl); Glycols, polyethylene, dimethyl ether
TRADE NAME:
Carpol CLE 1000; Genosorb 175; Genosorb 300; Nissan Unisafe MM 1000; Nissan Unisafe MM 400; PEG-DME 2000; Sanfine DM 1000; Sanfine DM 200; Sanfine DM 400; Selexol; U-Nox DM 1000; U-Nox DM 200; Varonic DM 55; Sanfine DM 400; Selexol; U-Nox DM 1000; UNII-7GSD980LF9
OTHER NAME:
1194542-96-5; 144808-02-6; 144808-03-7; 52755-96-1; 847145-59-9; 890090-87-6
Unless otherwise noted, all reagents, catalysts and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Column chromatography was performed with silica gel (200–300 mesh). NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AVANCE III (400 MHz) spectrometers. CDCl3 was the solvent used for the NMR analysis, with tetramethyl silane as an internal standard. Chemical shifts were reported up field to TMS (0.00 ppm) for 1H NMR and relative to CDCl3 (77.0 ppm) for 13C NMR. HPLC analysis was conducted on an Agilent 1200 Series instrument with 5C18-MS-II Packed Column (4.6 mm I.D. × 250 mm). General procedure for oxidation scission of aromatic olefin, The corresponding aromatic olefin 1 (0.5 mmol), PEGDME (1 mL) were added to a 10 mL Schlenk tube. The tube was evacuated and filled with oxygen three times. The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 8 hours under O2 atmosphere using a balloon. After cooling, the mixture was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (PE : EA = 15 : 1) to give the product 2. Gram-scale oxidation scission of gem-diphenylethylene (1a); The gem-diphenylethylene (1a, 1.80 g, 10 mmol), Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether PEGDME (20 mL) were added to a 50 mL of round-bottomed flask equipped with a three-way jointer. The flask was then evacuated and filled with oxygen three times. The mixture was stirred at 110 °C for 10 hours under O2 atmosphere using a balloon. After cooling, the mixture was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (PE : EA = 15 : 1) to give the product 2a (1.75 g, 96% yield).
We propose in this work a Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (MW 500) dissolving lithium trifluoromethansulfonate (LiCF3SO3) salt as suitable electrolyte media for a safe and efficient use of the lithium metal anode in battery. Voltammetry and galvanostatic tests reveal significant enhancement of the electrolyte characteristics, in terms of cycling life and chemical stability, by the addition of lithium nitrate (LiNO3) to the solution. Furthermore, PFG NMR measurements suggest the applicability of the electrolyte in battery in terms of ionic conductivity, lithium transference number, ionic-association degree and self-diffusion coefficient. Accordingly, the electrolyte is employed in a lithium battery using lithium iron phosphate as the selected cathode. The battery delivers a stable capacity of 150 mAh g-1 and flat working voltage of 3.5 V, thus leading to a theoretical energy density referred to the cathode of 520 Wh kg-1. This battery is considered a suitable energy storage system for advanced applications requiring both high safety and high energy density. The solubility of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was measured in Polyethelene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) by use of a static type apparatus in the pressure range from 15.2 to 231.2 kPa at 308.18 K.
The stated average molecular weight of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) was Mw = 240 g·mol−1 and the molecular structure of the repeating unit is similar to that of dimethyl ether (DME). The bubble point pressure showed a negative deviation from Raoult law. The behavior was expected from consideration of the vapor–liquid equilibrium data of DME + SO2, reported by Noles and Zollweg (Fluid Phase Equilib 66:275–289, 1991). The ‘bridge-like structure’ will be microscopically formed between the DME unit and SO2, because the two unshared electron pairs of the oxygen atom in DME unit act as an electron donner for some molecules. The Peng–Robinson equation of state was used to correlate the experimental data. Two types of mixing rules were employed. One was a conventional model, and the other was of the excess Gibbs energy type. The latter, Wong–Sandler model combined with Flory–Huggins.The one-step process for producing of a kind of organic physical solvent Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether (NHD solvent), in reactor, drop into many ethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide, organic reaction medium, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is mol ratio is 1: 2～5: 0.5～8, logical halomethane (maintenance 0.01～0.6MPa) or the methyl-sulfate of adding, at 30～90 ℃, make abundant reaction; Separate Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether CH 3-(OCH 2CH 2) x-OCH 3, X=2～9 wherein, molecular-weight average M=150～300. The present invention have technology simple, safe, energy-conservation, produce advantages such as flexible, can require produce to the difference of molecular weight product according to the user, the product of producing with this law can be used for removing sour gas and has obvious effect.
Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether still a kind of fine chemicals can be used for light textile printing and dyeing, daily-use chemical industry, organic synthesis, printing ink paint etc. Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether relates to a method for producing an acyclic or carbocyclic compound organic physical solvent Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether.Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether CH3-（OCH2CH2）X-OCH3;The composite adsorbent is light yellow liquid, has the advantages of good chemical stability, no corrosion, no toxicity, low specific heat, low vapor pressure, low viscosity, low regeneration heat consumption and the like, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is used as an absorbent in the gas purification of synthesis ammonia and hydrogen production raw gas, city gas and natural gas, and has obvious effect of removing sulfide and carbon dioxide in the gas. Currently, there are two production methods for Selexol,the U.S. Pat. No. 4, 3737392 discloses a sodium alkoxide process, i.e. ethylene oxide withMethanol reacts to generate Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether, then metal sodium reacts with the Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether to generate polyethylene glycol methyl ether sodium, and methyl chloride is used for methyl etherification to generate Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether, which is shown as the following formula.G.B 1500020 discloses another hydrolysis method for polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetal: that is, the polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether prepared by the above method firstly reacts with formaldehyde to generate an acetal intermediate, and the intermediate and hydrogen are heated and decomposed in the presence of a special catalyst to generate Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, which are shown in the following formula.
The two production methods for preparing the Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether have the following defects, (1) a, B the two processes require more ethylene oxide and the A process requires expensive metallic sodium, and the raw material cost is high. (2) The method A uses metallic sodium in the reaction process, and the method B uses hydrogen in the reaction process, and the metallic sodium and the hydrogen are not safe enough. (3) A, B the two methods have high technological requirements, high temperature, high energy consumption, high pressure, high requirements on equipment and materials, and long reaction time. A. Process conditions of the two methods B. Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether aims to overcome the defects of the technology and provide a production method for preparing Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether by a one-step method, which has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost, simple and safe process, low reaction temperature, low pressure and short reaction time.
The present Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is achieved by the following method. The method is characterized in that polyethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide and an organic reaction medium are added into a reaction kettle in a molar ratio of 1: 2-5: 0.5-8, methyl halide or dimethyl sulfate is added to keep the mixture at 0.01-0.6 MPa or at 30-90 ℃ to fully react, and Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is obtained by separationCH3-（OCH2CH2）x-OCH3. Wherein, X is 2-9 average molecular weight M150-300, the organic reaction medium can be benzene, toluene, xylene or , and the halomethane can be chloromethane, bromomethane or iodomethane. Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ethers with different molecular weights can be obtained by adopting polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights. The reaction is shown in the following formula, 2NaOH, 2-methyl halide or dimethyl sulfate, organic reaction medium. The method for producing the Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether has the advantages of simple and safe process, easily obtained raw materials, low reaction temperature and reaction pressure, short reaction time and energy conservation, can be flexibly produced according to different requirements of users on the molecular weight of products, and the produced Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is different from the raw materials and the preparation method of foreign Selexol, has similar effects, is a fine chemical product, and can be used for light textile printing and dyeing, daily chemical industry, organic synthesis, ink coating and the like. FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the production method of the Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether of the invention.
Example 1, 417.5 g of polyethylene glycol (M ═ 250), 357.5 g of sodium hydroxide and 1047.5 ml of benzene were put into a reaction kettle, 380 ml of dimethyl sulfate was added dropwise at 40 to 60 ℃, and after 6 hours, 373.3 g of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether with an average molecular weight M ═ 282 was obtained by separation, which had a chemical composition: by weight% ; Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 0.69, Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 8.28, Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether 21.46, Pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 24.82, Hexaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 20.09, Heptaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 13.77, Octaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 7.59, Noninolethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2.75. Example 2. After nitrogen and chlorine are introduced for leakage test, 3.5 kg of polyethylene glycol (M<159>), 2.7 kg of sodium hydroxide and 8.6 kg of benzene are put into a reaction kettle, chloromethane is added to keep the reaction at 0.01-0.6 MPa and the temperature is 30-90 ℃, and after 4 hours, 3.2 kg of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is obtained by separation, the average molecular weight M<196> of the Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether has the chemical composition: by weight%, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 4.51, Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 52.66, Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether 40.30, Pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2.43. Example 3. After nitrogen and chlorine are introduced for leakage test, 10 kg of polyethylene glycol (M<SUB> 250), 4.5 kg of sodium hydroxide and 89 kg of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether are put into a reaction kettle, chloromethane is added to keep the reaction at 0.01-0.6 MPa and the temperature is 30-90 ℃ for 5 hours, 9.9 kg of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is obtained by separation, and the chemical composition of the Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is as follows: by weight%; Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether 0.91, Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether 13.04, Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether 27.17, Pentaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 26.41, Hexaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 19.97, Heptaethylene glycol dimethyl ether 9.53, Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether 2.47.
A production method of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether as an organic physical solvent is characterized in that polyethylene glycol, sodium hydroxide and an organic reaction medium are added into a reaction kettle in a molar ratio of 1: 2-5: 0.5-8, and methyl halide (kept at 0.01-0.6 MPa) or dimethyl sulfate is added to fully react at 30-90 ℃; separating to obtain Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether CH3-(OH2CH2)X-OCH3Wherein X = 2-9, and the average molecular weight M = 150-300. The method for producing Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether as one claim 1, wherein the organic medium is benzene, toluene, xylene or Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether. The method for producing Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether as an organic physical solvent according to claim 1, wherein the methyl halide is methyl chloride. Such solvents are gaining special attention because the efficiency of many processes can be enhanced by the judicious manipulation of their properties. The absorption of greenhouse gases can be enhanced by the basic character of the IL. In this work, these characteristics are evaluated through the study of the gas−liquid equilibrium of four imidazolium-based ILs: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methylphosphonate [DMIM][MP], and 1,3-diethoxyimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [(ETO)2IM][Tf2N] with CO2 at temperatures up to 373 K and pressures up to 300 bar. Solubility of carbon dioxide in poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether, component of selexol, was also measured to evaluate the capture’s efficiency of ionic liquids. Experimental data indicate that 67 to 123 g of CO2 can be absorbed per kg of ionic liquid and 198 g per kg of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether.
We have characterized a ternary mixture of N-methyl-(n-butyl)pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR14TFSI) + 0.5 M LiTFSI + y Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) (y = kg PEGDME/kg PYR14TFSI) as an electrolyte in Li metal/S cells. The presence of PYR14TFSI in the mixture resulted in a significant improvement of the thermal stability and the ionic conductivity (σ) of the mixture with increasing Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether contents (for example, σ = 4.2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 29 °C for y = 2.0). These improvements are most significant at low temperatures, which is probably due to a lowering of the viscosity of the mixture with higher amounts of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether. Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is found that the mixture has good compatibility with respect to Li metal as demonstrated by time-dependent interfacial impedance and galvanostatic Li stripping/deposition measurements. We found that a Li/S cell with PYR14TFSI + 0.5 M LiTFSI + y PEGDME (y = 2.0) can deliver about 1300 mAh g−1-sulfur at 0.054 mA cm−2 at ambient temperature at the first cycle. A better charge/discharge cyclability of the Li/S cell in PYR14TFSI + 0.5 M LiTFSI + y PEGDME was found at higher Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether contents, and a Li/S cell with the mixture having y = 2.0 exhibited a capacity fading rate of 0.42% per cycle over 100 cycles at 0.054 mA cm−2 at 40 °C. Consequently the PYR14TFSI + LiTFSI + PEGDME mixture is a promising electrolyte for Li/S cells.
We have synthesized a self-standing, flexible, highly ion conductive, and electrochemically stable composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) composed of a poly(ethylene oxide) matrix, Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic filler, and Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether (PEGDME) plasticizer for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The CSPE containing 10 wt% PEGDME (CSPE10) shows the highest ionic conductivity of 4.7 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 60 °C. Additionally, all the CSPEs are stable up to 5.0 V vs. Li/Li+, and CSPE10 shows a high Li-ion transference number of 0.48 at 60 °C. When Li/CSPE/Li symmetric cells are cyclically polarized, the cell with CSPE10 shows the smallest overpotential because of the high ionic conductivity of CSPE10 and the low interfacial resistance between Li and CSPE10. The all-solid-state full cell with the Li/CSPE10/LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 configuration delivers an initial discharge capacity of 157 mA h g-1 at 0.1C at 60 °C. Even after 100 cycles at a higher C-rate of 0.5C, the full cell maintains high discharge capacity of 116 mA h g-1 corresponding to a capacity retention of ~86%. The full cell with a high LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 mass loading of 7.7 mg cm-2 shows an initial discharge capacity of ~160 mA h g-1 and maintains high discharge capacity of 140 mA h g-1 even after 60 cycles.
Mixtures of the ionic liquid butyltrimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, with poly(ethylene oxide) polymers, PEO, of different molecular weights were investigated for CO2 capture. The liquid mixtures are close to ideal in terms of their volumetric properties but their enthalpies of mixing are negative, decreasing when the size of the polymer chain increases and being close to those observed for associative compounds mixed with ionic liquids (ΔmixH = −7 kJ mol−1 for [N4111][NTf2] + PEO1000 at 318 K). The favorable interactions between the polymer and the ionic liquid could be related to the dynamic properties of the mixtures, especially for mixtures of polymers of longer chain sizes which have a higher viscosity than that of the pure mixture components. Raman spectroscopy confirmed an association between the cation of the ionic liquid and the polymers that probably surround the cation and thus contribute to slow the dynamics of the mixtures. The increase of the carbon dioxide absorption with the increase of the polymer mole fraction composition in the liquid mixture is explained by the more favorable interactions between the gas and the polymer as evidenced by the analysis of the thermodynamic properties of solvation . Mixtures (alcohol + polyalkyl ether glycol) used in absorption refrigeration systems and heat pumps.
The determination of different thermophysical properties is essential to understand the interactions among different molecules in liquid mixtures. Therefore, experimental data of speed of sound and density together with calculated values of isentropic compressibility for the refrigerant-absorbent system (methanol + Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether 250) (or PEGDME 250) have been gathered here over the whole range of composition at temperatures from T=293.15 to 333.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The two previous experimental properties were measured with a digital vibrating tube analyser Anton Paar DSA-48. Also, the excess molar volumes and the increments of the speed of sound and the isentropic compressibility have been determined for each composition and they were fitted to a variable-degree polynomial equation.
Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) of the Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Dimethyl Ether 2000 (PEGDME2000) + dipotassium oxalate + H2O system have been determined experimentally at T = (298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. The effect of temperature on the binodal curves and tie-lines has also been studied. The Graber et al., Merchuk, and empirical equations were used to correlate the binodal data of this system with the temperature dependence expressed in the linear form with (T – T0) K as a variable. Furthermore, we used the Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft and a temperature-dependent Setschenow-type equation for the correlation and prediction of the liquid–liquid phase behavior of the studied system. The effective excluded volume (EEV) values obtained from the binodal model for this system and other aqueous PEGDME2000–salt systems were determined, and the relation between these values and salting-out ability of different salts was discussed. Also, the effects of type of the polymers PEGDME2000 and PEG2000 on LLE are discussed. Finally, the free energies of cloud points for this system were calculated. According to the results it was concluded that the increase of the entropy is a driving force for the formation of the studied aqueous two-phase system (ATPS).
Since, the most of these processes were done in an aqueous media, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether is vital to achieve better understanding of the interactions between ILs with other species in this media. In this respect, this work is focused on the investigation of physicochemical properties of the cholinium l-alaninate ([Ch][l-Ala]) in water and in the presence of Polyethylene Glycol Di-Methyl Ether 250 (PEGDME250) with different mass fractions 0.025–0.125 at T = (288.15–318.15) K under atmospheric pressure (≈85 kPa). Density , speed of sound (u), viscosity , and refractive index of the studied aqueous solutions were experimentally measured. The obtained values from the density and acoustic studies were used for calculating the limiting values for apparent molar volume , apparent molar isentropic compressibility , and also the transfer molar volume and isentropic compressibility of [Ch][l-Ala] from water to aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether solutions. Also, viscosity A and B-coefficients were obtained from intercept and slope of the linear plot of viscosity data versus IL molarity.
Moreover, the hydration number (nH) was computed from the isentropic compressibility and viscosity data. Finally, the solute-solvent interactions in the investigated solutions were evaluated on the basis of changing the above thermodynamic properties from aqueous binary to ternary solutions consist of the [Ch][l-Ala] and Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether. The results indicated that the IL-water interactions become stronger in the presence of Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether compared to pure water; and in above a critical concentration this ternary solution can be separated into two-phases.
The liquid–liquid and liquid–solid equilibrium for the Poly Ethylene Glycol Di-Methyl Ether 2000 (PEGDME2000)+K3PO4+H2O system has been determined experimentally at T=(298.15,303.15,308.15 and 318.15)K. The effect of temperature on the binodal curves and tie-lines for the investigated Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS) have also been studied. The reliability of some frequently used equations for fitting of obtained binodal data and a new empirical equation for this purpose was proposed which has better performance than these equations. In this work, the three fitting parameters of the Merchuk equation and new empirical equation were obtained with the temperature dependence expressed in the linear form with (T−T0) K as a variable. Furthermore, the Othmer–Tobias and Bancroft, Setschenow-type and also osmotic virial equations were used for the correlation and prediction of the liquid–liquid phase behaviour of the studied system. Furthermore, the effect of the type of salt on LLE and the salting-out effect is discussed. The complete phase diagram for the investigated system has also been determined at T=(298.15,308.15and318.15)K.
In this work, density and viscosity have been determined for (Polyethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether 250 + 1,2-propanediol, or 1,2-butanediol, or 1,2-pentanediol, or 1,2-hexanediol) binary systems over the whole concentration range at temperatures of (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Experimental data of mixtures were used to calculate the excess molar volumes VE, and viscosity deviations Δη. These results were fitted by the Redlich–Kister polynomial relation to obtain the coefficients and standard deviations.
