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Polyglycol P-1000E used as an antifoam agent in a wide variety of industries, including latex formulations, paper and pulp processing, emulsion paints, and food production.
Polyglycol P-1000E is a macromolecule composed of repeating propyleneoxy units.
Polyglycol P-1000E is a hydroxypolyether and a poly(ether) macromolecule.
CAS: 25322-69-4
MF: CH4
MW: 16.04246
EINECS: 500-039-8
Synonyms
POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, DIOL TYPE, 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, DIOL TYPE, 2,000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL, DIOL TYPE, 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL P 400;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 2000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400
Colorless liquid that is odorless or has a mild sweet odor.
May float or sink in water.
Polyglycol P-1000E or polypropylene oxide is the polymer (or macromolecule) of propylene glycol.
Chemically Polyglycol P-1000E is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG) H S Code 3907.2000.
The term polypropylene glycol or Polyglycol P-1000E is reserved for polymer of low- to medium-range molar mass when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters.
The term "oxide" is used for high-molar-mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties.
Between 60 and 70% of Polyglycol P-1000E is converted to polyether polyols by the process called alkoxylation.
Polyglycol P-1000E Chemical Properties
Melting point: -40 °C
Boiling point: >300 °C
density: 1.01 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Pour Point: -26
Pour Point: -45
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.451
Fp: 230 °C
storage temp.: Storage temp. 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: <0.01 % (w/w) at 25 °C
form: Viscous Liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.005
color: White to light gray
Water Solubility: PRACTICALLY INSOLUBLE
FreezingPoint: -25
FreezingPoint: -40
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents.
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SKIN CONDITIONING SOLVENT
InChI: 1S/C6H14O3/c1-5(8)4-9-6(2)3-7/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3
InChIKey: DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.01 at 25℃
NIST Chemistry Reference: Polyglycol P-1000E(25322-69-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyglycol P-1000E (25322-69-4)
Polyglycol P-1000E is a transparent, colorless to light yellow viscous liquid.
Polyglycol P-1000E is classified into three types based on its average molecular weight: 425, 1025, and 2025.
Polyglycol P-1000E is non-volatile and non-corrosive.
The lower molecular weight polymer is soluble in water, while the higher molecular weight variants are only slightly soluble in water but are soluble in oils, many hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, ketones, esters, and similar solvents.
The hydroxyl groups at both ends of the molecule can undergo esterification to form monoesters or diesters.
The monoesters function as non-ionic surfactants.
Polyglycol P-1000E can also react with alcohols to form ethers.
Additionally, Polyglycol P-1000E serves as a solvent for vegetable oils, resins, and paraffin.
Polyglycol P-1000E has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol.
The polymer is a liquid at room temperature.
Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass.
Secondary hydroxyl groups in PPG are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol.
Polyglycol P-1000E is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now mainly produced with PPG.
Uses
Polyglycol P-1000E is used in the plastics industry for the manufacture of polyester fibers and alkyd resins.
Polyglycol P-1000E is used as a main ingredient in automobile antifreeze and engine-cooling liquids and in brake and hydraulic fluids.
Polyglycol P-1000E is used as a humectant in foods and cosmetics.
Polyglycol P-1000E is used as a solvent for coloring or flavoring agents as well as in many oral, injectable or topical pharmaceuticals.
Hydraulic fluids, rubber lubricants, antifoam agents, intermediates in urethane foams, adhesives, coatings, elastomers, plasticizers, paint formula- tions, laboratory reagent.
Polyglycol P-1000E is used in many polyurethane formulations.
Synthesis of waterborne polymers has been a feature with this substance.
As the basic building block is propylene oxide, there are 3 carbons per oxygen on the backbone. This confers some degree of water miscibility though not as good as ethylene oxide-based molecules.
Polyglycol P-1000E is used to synthesize the epoxy reactive diluent and flexibilizer, Poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether.
Another use of PPG is as a surfactant, wetting agent and dispersant in leather finishing.
Polyglycol P-1000E is also employed as a reference and calibrant in mass spectrometry and HPLC.
Polyglycol P-1000E and derivatives may be used as defoamers in drilling and other applications.
Polyglycol P-1000E is also used as a primary ingredient in the making of paintballs.
Polyglycol P-1000E has been evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor.
Preparation
Polyglycol P-1000E may be polymerized by methods similar to those described in the preceding section for ethylene oxide.
Similarly, polymers of low molecular weight and of high molecular weight are of commercial interest.
(a) Low molecular weight polymers
Poly(propylene oxide)s of low molecular weight, i.e. in the range 500-3500, are important commercial materials principally on account of their extensive use in the production of both flexible and rigid polyurethane foams.
At first, the most common polyether used in flexible polyurethane foams was a linear poly(propylene glycol) with a molecular weight of about 2000.
Polyglycol P-1000E is prepared by polymerizing the oxide at about 160C in the presence of propylene glycol and sodium hydroxide.
The majority of the hydroxyl groups in the polymer are secondary groups and are rather unreactive in the urethane reaction.
Initially, this limitation was overcome by the preparation of pre-polymers and by the use of block copolymers with ethylene oxide.
The latter products are 'tipped' with poly(ethylene oxide) and are terminated with primary hydroxyl groups of enhanced reactivity.
(Polyglycol P-1000E may be noted that straight poly(ethylene glycol) is not satisfactory for foam production owing to its water sensitivity and tendency to crystallize.) The advent of more effective catalyst systems, however, now makes it possible for Polyglycol P-1000E to be used in the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams without recourse to the above mentioned procedures.
Also, Polyglycol P-1000E is now common practice to use polyethers which are triols rather than diols; these lead to slightly cross-linked flexible foams with improved load bearing characteristics.
The triols are produced by polymerizing propylene oxide in the presence of a trihydroxy compound such as glycerol, 1,1,1- trimethylolpropane or 1,2,6-hexane triol; the use of, for example, trimethylolpropane leads to the following polyether triol.
Polyethers of molecular weights in the range 3000-3500 are normally used.
For the production of rigid polyurethane foams, polyether triols of lower molecular weight (about 500) are used so that the degree of cross-linking is increased.
Alternatively, polyethers of higher functionality may be used; these are prepared by polymerizing propylene oxide in the presence of hydroxy compounds such as pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
(b) High molecular weight polymers
Poly(propylene oxide)s of high molecular weight, i.e., greater than 100000 have been prepared by the use of initiators similar to those employed in the preparation of high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide)s.
The most extensively investigated initiators have been organoaluminium and organozinc compounds, generally with added co-initiators.
As has been noted previously, the structural unit of Polyglycol P-1000E contains an asymmetric carbon atom and the polymer can exhibit tacticity.
Both atactic and isotactic poly(propylene oxide) have been prepared.
As normally obtained, i.e. from D-L-propylene oxide, the isotactic polymer is optically inactive but optically active isotactic polymer has been produced from L-propylene oxide.
Except for their optical activity, both forms of isotactic polymer are very similar in properties; they are both crystalline and have a melting point of 74C.
Isotactic poly(propylene oxide)s have not yet found commercial application.
Atactic Polyglycol P-1000E has been investigated as a rubber but does not appear to have been produced in any quantity.
Reactivity Profile
Polyglycol P-1000E is an alcohol.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
