POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434)

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has been used in a study to assess the determination of iodide in urine based on a chemiluminescence system. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also used as oil-in-water emulsifiers in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cleaning compounds. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used whipped cream, soup, beverages, confectionery.

CAS Number: 9005-66-7
EC Number: 618-421-9
MDL Number: MFCD00165345
Molecular Formula: C12H18O11

SYNONYMS:
Polysorbate 40, Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monopalmitate, STI11B5A2X, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, Sorbimacrogol palmitate 300, CHEBI:53423, Crill 7, Crillet 2, Durfax 60, Emsorb 6910, Ethoxylated sorbitan monopalmitate, Glycosperse p-20, Nissan Nonion PT-221, Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monopalmitate, Polyethylene glycol-sorbitan monopalmitate adduct, Sorbitan monopalmitate polyethylene glycol ether, Sorbitan polyethoxy monopalmitate, Sorbitan, monopalmitate, polyoxyethylene derivs, CCRIS 701, E-434, HSDB 1928, INS NO.434, INS-434, POLYSORBATE 40 (EP MONOGRAPH), POLYSORBATE 40 (II), POLYSORBATE 40 (MART.), POLYSORBATE 40 (USP-RS), Polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monopalmitatey, Radiasurf 7145, SORBITAN, MONOHEXADECANOATE, POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL) DERIVS, Sorbitan, monopalmitate polyoxyethylene deriv., UNII-4NR71FN0IA, UNII-STI11B5A2X, E434, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, Tween 40, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (IUPAC), Sorbitan monohexedecanoate, E 434, Polysorbate 40, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, Polysorbate 20, Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate, Glycosperse L-20X, Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate, Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate, TWEEN® 20, PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate, TWEEN 40, POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE, TWEEN NO 40, PEG-80 SORBITAN PALMITATE, Tween 40 (=Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monopalmitate), crill7, crillet2, durfax60, emsorb6910, TWEEN(R) 40,

Polysorbate 40 (E 434), also known as Tween 40, the full name polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, 40 means monopalmitate. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is an emulsifier and stabiliser in food with the European food additive number E434.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), known with the food code E 434, is a light white powder emulsifier with the chemical formulation C62H122O26 and a molecular weight of 1283.82 GR / MOL .

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is stable against electrolytes and weak acids and bases . 
Some antibiotics and preservatives can be inhibited in their effect . 
The effect of atmospheric oxygen causes the substance to autooxidize. 

This initially forms peroxides , which react to form aldehydes , carboxylic acids and other degradation products that cannot yet be determined. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is an O/W emulsifier. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a yellow, orange or frozen viscous liquid. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is slightly bitter, soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and toluene, insoluble in mineral oil and vegetable oil. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has the properties of wet emulsifying and foaming.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) belongs to O/W emulsifie, yellow to orange viscous liquid or frozen paste. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434), or Tween 40, scientifically known as polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, is an important additive widely used in the food industry, famous for its role as an emulsifier and surfactant. 

As part of the polysorbate family, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) shares many functional properties with its relatives, such as Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), also known as PEG 40 and Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monopalmitate, is a polyoxyethylene derivative of sorbitol, ethylene oxide as a petroleum derivative and palm oil in the form of palmitic acid. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also regarded as a detergent.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is an emulsifier derived from animal fatty acids, and natural oils and used as synthetic flavourings, surfactants, de foaming agents and dough conditioners. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) belongs to O/W emulsifie, yellow to orange viscous liquid or frozen paste. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is slightly bitter, insoluble in mineral oils and vegetable oils, soluble in water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and toluene. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has emulsifying, wetting and foaming properties
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), known with the food code E 434, is a light white powder emulsifier with the chemical formulation C62H122O26 and a molecular weight of 1283.82 GR / MOL .

Polysorbate 40 (E 434), also often referred to as E434 or polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, is a synthetic substance that is often used primarily in the food industry, but also in pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a foreign substance that is added to foodstuffs purposely with the intention of achieving desired properties. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) belongs to the group of emulsifiers, i.e. substances that increase the stability of mixtures of immiscible parts. 
As a result, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) helps to maintain a uniform consistency and appearance of products.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), also known as Tween 40, the full name polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate, 40 means monopalmitate. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is an emulsifier and stabiliser in food with the European food additive number E434. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono-and dianhydrides with edible palmitic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a lemon to orange-coloured oily liquid or semi-gel at 25°C  with a faint characteristic odour.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is soluble in water; soluble in ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone; 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is insoluble in mineral oil

HLB value of Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is 15.6, gives oil-in-water emulsions, O/W.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound), sorbitol (see E420) and palmitic acid (a natural fatty acid).

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) (Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate) is a non-ionic detergent that is routinely used in biochemical and life science research.  
G-Biosciences provides research grade Polysorbate 40 (E 434) in 0.5L and 1L packages (786-517, 786-518) or a highly purified and sterile Polysorbate 40 (E 434) (DG011, DG012, DG511C, DG519C) for critical protein research.  

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is provided in glass amber vials, sealed under inert gas and certified low levels of harmful aldehydes and peroxides. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a yellow to amber liquid.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) belongs to O/W emulsifie, yellow to orange viscous liquid or frozen paste. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is an emulsifier and stabilizer of essential oils in water. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also a detergent and employed in a variety of cleansing and moisturizing preparations.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a non-ionic surfactant used as an inner antistatic agent.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a polymer composed of PEG-ylated sorbitan, where the total number of poly(ethylene glycol) units is 20 (w + x + y + z = 20) and a single terminal is capped by a palmitoyl group.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a non-ionic detergent.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a 100% bio-based ethoxylated sorbitan ester derived from a natural fatty acid (palmitic acid). 
This ethoxylate is highly efficient in creating oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, especially when combined with its non-ethoxylated form, Span 40. 

USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as an emulsifier in many industrial areas, especially in the food sector, as well as in cosmetics, detergents and more.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), as in all emulsifiers, is an additive that creates oil-water phases or water-oil phases and provides emulsion in these products. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) can be used in various proportions in the production of products such as food mayonnaise, sauces, cream oils, beer, malt.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has been used in a study to assess the determination of iodide in urine based on a chemiluminescence system. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has also been used in a study to investigate the delivery of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin to HepG2 cells. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also used as oil-in-water emulsifiers in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cleaning compounds. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used whipped cream, soup, beverages, confectionery
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used for research use only. 

In pharmacy and food technology, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as a wetting agent , solubilizer, O/W emulsifier and to stabilize foams. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is approved in the EU as a food additive (number E 434 ) for certain foods in quantities of up to five grams per kilogram or in baking fats up to ten grams per kilogram. 

The permitted daily dose of Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is 10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for all polysorbates combined.
For the manufacture of medicinal products, particularly pure qualities of Polysorbate 40 (E 434) are required, which are specified in pharmacopoeias .
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used an organic compound from the group of polysorbates and a surface-active substance that is used as an emulsifier and wetting agent, for example in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is mainly used in ice cream, sauces and dressings, baked goods, desserts, confectionery, as well as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. 
In the food industry, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is mainly used as a stabiliser to prevent the separation of mixtures such as fat and water. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) also prolongs the shelf life of food and improves its appearance. 

Despite its synthetic origin, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is considered a safe additive. 
However, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) should be taken into account that some studies have linked this substance to a possible negative effect on the digestive system. 

In cosmetics, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is mainly used for its ability to improve the consistency and distribution of other ingredients in the product. 
In pharmaceuticals, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as a component of carriers for medicinal substances.
Food Industry uses of Polysorbate 40 (E 434): Whipped edible oil topping, Shortenings and edible oils, Ice cream, Dressings, Cakes and cake mixes, icings and fillings, Sugar confection coatings, Vegetable fat-water emulsions, and Yeast-leavened bakery products.

Cosmetic Industry uses of Polysorbate 40 (E 434): Lotions, Creams, Hair products, Skin care products, and Makeup products.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as an emulsifier in many industrial areas, especially in the food sector, as well as in cosmetics, detergents and more.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434), as in all emulsifiers, is an additive that creates oil-water phases or water-oil phases and provides emulsion in these products. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) can be used in various proportions in the production of products such as food mayonnaise, sauces, cream oils, beer, malt.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as emulsifier and stabilizer in various industries.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used as emulsifier, stabiliser in a large range of foods including chewing gum, ice cream, soft drinks. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also used in a wide range of detergents, pharmaceuticals and beauty and skin products.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) has synthetic food additive with emulsifying and flavoring role. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also used as a solvent for other food additives. 

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used in fine bakery products, sauces, desserts, confectioneries, fat emulsions for pastry, instant soups, ice, dietetic foods for body weight control. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is not recommended for vegetarians, because it can come from animal fats.

Different with other polysorbates, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is approved as an indirect emulsifier instead of a direct food additive by the FDA. 
That makes Polysorbate 40 (E 434) used less in food in the USA.
However, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) can be used as a direct food additive and its safety has been re-evaluated in 2015.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is also used as an emulsifier or surfactant to help mix oil and water in cosmetics and personal care products.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a non-ionic detergent for solubilizing membrane proteins during isolation of membrane-protein complexes.
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used ultra low concentrations of contaminating peroxides, aldehydes, salts and carbonyl compounds.

Polysorbate 40 (E 434) finds application in various fields, including hard surface cleaning, industrial and institutional cleaning, vehicle care, and waxes and polishes.
Uses of Polysorbate 40 (E 434): Pharmaceutic aid (surfactant)Note—Graphic formula same as for Polysorbate 20, except that R is (C15H31)COO.

WHAT IS POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434) USED FOR?
1. Food Industry
*Emulsification:
Ice Cream and Frozen Desserts: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) helps create a smooth and creamy texture by preventing the formation of ice crystals.
Salad Dressings and Sauces: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) stabilizes oil and water mixtures, preventing separation and maintaining a consistent texture.

*Stabilization:
Whipped Toppings and Creams: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) maintains the structure of whipped products, preventing them from collapsing and ensuring a light, airy texture.
Bakery Products: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) improves the consistency and shelf life of baked goods by maintaining moisture and preventing staling.

*Polysorbate 40 uses in bread
Dispersion:
Flavorings and Colorants: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) ensures even distribution of flavorings and colorants in beverages and confectionery, enhancing product quality and appearance.

*Moisture Retention:
Processed Meats: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) helps retain moisture in processed meats, improving texture and preventing dryness.

2. Cosmetic Industry
*Emulsification:
Lotions and Creams: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) helps blend oil and water-based ingredients, creating stable and homogeneous emulsions.
Hair Care Products: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is used in shampoos and conditioners to stabilize formulations and enhance texture.

*Stabilization:
Cosmetic Creams: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) ensures a smooth and stable consistency in various creams and lotions, preventing separation and maintaining product integrity.

HOW IS POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434) MADE?
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is made from the chemical reaction among sorbitol, palmitic acid and ethylene oxide. 
The manufacturing process is similar to other polysorbates: 20, 60, and 80.

*Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid and stearic acid are the most common saturated fatty acid found in animal fats & oils and plant oils. 
Like other fatty acids, palmitic acid is also present in nature usually in the form of triglycerides. 

The following are the natural sources high with palmitic acid:
*Palm oil
*Soybean oil
*Sunflower oil 
*Butter
*Cheese
*Milk
*Meat
*cocoa butter
*Sorbitol 
It is produced from d‐glucose which is commonly made from maize or tapioca. 

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a hydrophilic, non-ionic surfactant that is produced synthetically. 
Due to its HLB value of 15.6 Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is therefore suitable for the production of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. 
The yellowish liquid, Polysorbate 40 (E 434), has a viscosity of 400 to 600 mPa·s (25 °C) and a flash point of over 113.0 °C (measurement method: closed cup).

IS POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434) SAFE?
Yes, Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is safe. 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is widely used and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and it is always good practice for consumers to check ingredient labels if they are monitoring their intake of food additives. 
Manufacturers are required to list Polysorbate 40 (E 434) on ingredient labels, usually under its common name or as E434 in Europe.

Final Thoughts
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is a valuable emulsifier and stabilizer in the food industry, contributing to the quality, consistency, and shelf life of various products. 

Its ability to enhance texture, maintain consistency, and extend shelf life makes Polysorbate 40 (E 434) an invaluable ingredient in a wide range of food products. 

Understanding the science and applications of Polysorbate 40 (E 434) allows manufacturers to leverage its benefits, ensuring their products meet high standards of quality and consumer satisfaction.

PRODUCTION OF POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
The esterification of sorbitol and Polysorbate 40 (E 434)'s anhydrides ( sorbitan ) with palmitic acid produces sorbitan fatty acid esters . 
These react with ethylene oxide in a polyaddition , forming polyoxyethylene bridges, to form polysorbate .

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is derived from the esterification of sorbitan (a derivative of sorbitol) with palmitic acid, followed by ethoxylation with approximately 20 units of ethylene oxide. 
This structure makes Polysorbate 40 (E 434) a non-ionic surfactant, which is effective in reducing surface tension between ingredients.

*Appearance: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is typically a yellow to amber-colored viscous liquid or semi-solid.

*Solubility: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) is soluble in water, alcohol, and various organic solvents, making it versatile for different food formulations.

*Stability: 
Polysorbate 40 (E 434) remains stable over a wide range of pH levels and temperatures, which is crucial for its performance in diverse food processing conditions.

WHAT IS POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434) MADE OF?
The production of Polysorbate 40 (E 434) involves a series of chemical reactions that combine sorbitan, palmitic acid, and ethylene oxide.

*Sorbitan:
Sorbitan is a derivative of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol that is commonly found in fruits and synthesized from glucose. 
Sorbitol undergoes a dehydration process to form sorbitan.

*Palmitic Acid:
Palmitic acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in both animals and plants. 
It is named after the palm oil from which it was first isolated. 
Palmitic acid is used in a variety of food and industrial products.

*Ethylene Oxide:
Ethylene oxide is an organic compound used in the production of various chemicals. 
It is a key building block in the manufacture of polyoxyethylene chains.

These components undergo esterification and ethoxylation to form the final product, Polysorbate 40 (E 434).
Its ability to stabilize emulsions and improve the texture and consistency of various products makes Polysorbate 40 (E 434) a valuable ingredient in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.
 

FUNCTIONS OF POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
*Emulsifier, 
*Emulsifier (O/W), 
*Solubilizer, 
*Surfactant, 
*Surfactant (Nonionic), 
*Wetting Agent

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
CBNumber:CB5739444
Molecular Formula:C12H18O11
Molecular Weight:338.26472
MDL Number:MFCD00165345
MOL File:9005-66-7.mol
Melting point: 0.1 °C
Boiling point: 797.89°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.083 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.47(lit.)
Flash point: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Miscible with water, with anhydrous ethanol, 
with ethyl acetate and with methanol, 
practically insoluble in fatty oils and in liquid paraffin.

Form: Viscous liquid
Specific Gravity: 1.090 (25/4℃)
Color: Light yellow to Yellow to Orange
Water Solubility: 100 g/L
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 15.6
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: POLYSORBATE 40
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: PEG-80 SORBITAN PALMITATE (4NR71FN0IA)
POLYSORBATE 40 (STI11B5A2X)
EPA Substance Registry System: Polysorbate 40 (9005-66-7)
Cosmetics Info: Polysorbate 40

FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYSORBATE 40 (E 434):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available