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Potassium Peroxomonosulfate, supplied as a triple salt of composition 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄ and identified by CAS No 70693-62-8 and EC No 274-778-7, is an inorganic peroxy salt. It occurs as a white, odorless, free-flowing crystal or granule, dissolves readily in water and gives an acidic solution. It is a strong chlorine-free oxidizer with a typical active oxygen content of approx. 4.7 percent.
The potassium salt of Caro’s acid is a preferred product for those looking for a chlorine-free oxidizer in hygiene and water treatment. Shock treatment of pool and spa water, the active ingredient of ready-made disinfectant powders and surface hygiene in animal housing are among its leading uses. The active HSO₅⁻ anion takes up two electrons and is reduced to sulfate; the fact that it forms neither chloramines nor trihalomethanes is an important advantage.
The peroxymonosulfate triple salt is an industrial-grade oxidizer used for repulping wet-strength paper waste, copper micro-etching in printed circuits, wool processing, and wastewater and odor control. Because it is acidic and corrosive, decomposes with moisture and is affected by transition metals, attention should be paid to the choice of grade and documentation. This product can be supplied from ATAMAN KİMYA; contacting ATAMAN KİMYA is recommended for technical information and requests.
WHAT IS POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE?
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is an inorganic oxidizer that contains the potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid and is sold commercially as a triple salt. The three salts crystallize together in a 2:1:1 ratio: two moles of potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate, one mole of potassium hydrogen sulfate and one mole of potassium sulfate.
The active species is KHSO₅, which is present in commercial products at approx. 42–48 percent by weight. The remaining bisulfate and sulfate have no oxidizing effect, but they keep the crystal stable and free-flowing. Because pure KHSO₅ is unstable in the presence of moisture, the product is manufactured as a triple salt.
The substance is not obtained from a natural raw material. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a strong sulfur acid gives Caro’s acid; this acid is neutralized with a potassium base and crystallized. Peroxymonosulfuric acid takes its name from its discoverer, Heinrich Caro.
The product contains no chlorine, bromine or any other halogen. For this reason it is an alternative to hypochlorite and chlorine compounds in applications where the formation of adsorbable organic halides, chloramines and trihalomethanes is unwanted. It should be kept in mind, however, that chlorine can form in the presence of chloride.
This acidic and corrosive compound is sold under trade names such as Oxone, Caroat and Kybreak and is also a component of pool shock products and disinfectant powders. These ready-made mixtures do not have the same properties as raw Potassium Peroxomonosulfate.
For this reason, the name “peroxomonosulfate” alone is not enough when selecting a product. The active KHSO₅ content, active oxygen, moisture, particle size and level of documentation should be assessed together. The product should not be confused with potassium persulfate, sodium persulfate or sodium percarbonate.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE:
Peroxymonosulfate triple salt
Potassium peroxymonosulfate triple salt
Potassium monopersulfate triple salt
Potassium Monopersulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate
Potassium peroxomonosulfate
Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate
Potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate
Potassium peroxymonosulfate sulfate
Potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate
Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate) bis(sulfate)
Trihydrogen pentapotassium di(peroxomonosulfate) di(sulfate)
Potassium salt of Caro’s acid
Potassium salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid
Potassium caroate
Potassium Caroate
Oxone
Caroat
Kybreak
MPS
KMPS
PMPS
2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Most of these names describe the same triple salt in different spellings. The words peroxymonosulfate, peroxomonosulfate and monopersulfate refer to the same HSO₅⁻ anion; monopersulfate is used more in trade, while peroxymonosulfate is more common in the scientific literature.
Oxone and Caroat are trade names; the name Oxone appears on LANXESS product pages and the name Caroat in United Initiators documents. MPS, KMPS and PMPS are abbreviations. For products sold under these names that describe the same chemical structure, the grade, particle size and additives may vary by manufacturer.
Care is needed with the numbers: 70693-62-8 identifies the triple salt, while 10058-23-8 identifies only the KHSO₅ component; 37222-66-5 is given by some suppliers for the same product with a simplified formula. Requests should state clearly which number is meant.
Similar names can cause confusion. Potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈, CAS No 7727-21-1), sodium persulfate (CAS No 7775-27-1) and ammonium persulfate (CAS No 7727-54-0) are different substances; sodium percarbonate (CAS No 15630-89-4) is an adduct of carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
In persulfates, two sulfate groups are joined by a peroxide bond and activation is usually needed to generate radicals. In peroxomonosulfate, by contrast, the peroxide group is attached to a single sulfate and can transfer oxygen directly in a two-electron step. Persulfates are also respiratory and skin sensitizers.
Ready-made disinfectants such as Virkon S and pool shock products are mixtures containing this compound; they may contain surfactants, organic acids and fillers and should not be sold with the same identification data as the solid product. Some manufacturers also offer liquid formulations; the solid or liquid form should be stated in the request.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
Product name: Potassium Peroxomonosulfate
Common abbreviation: MPS, KMPS, PMPS
Chemical name: Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate) bis(sulfate); potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate
INCI name: Potassium Caroate
CAS No: 70693-62-8 (triple salt); 10058-23-8 for the active component KHSO₅
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄; empirically H₃K₅O₁₈S₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol (triple salt); 152.2 g/mol for the active component KHSO₅
Chemical class: Inorganic peroxy salt; triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Main functions: Chlorine-free oxidizer, active substance of disinfectants, pool water shock oxidizer, wet-strength resin remover, copper micro-etching oxidizer, bleaching component, oxidizing agent for contaminants, reagent for organic synthesis
The substance is registered under REACH; the registration number is given in supplier safety data sheets. It has also been assessed in Europe as a biocidal active substance.
The form of the product should be taken into account when identification data are given. The number 70693-62-8 is used for the solid triple salt; ready-made mixtures and solutions may be classified separately. The CAS number is necessary to match the product with the correct substance, but on its own it does not show suitability for a particular application.
The presence of an INCI name does not mean that the product can automatically be used in cosmetics. Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is also not a food additive; it carries no food additive number.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
This compound is an ionic salt in which potassium cations (K⁺) are combined in the crystal lattice with three different anions, namely HSO₅⁻, HSO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻. The crystal contains one HSO₄⁻ and one SO₄²⁻ for every two HSO₅⁻ ions; the charge is balanced by five potassium ions.
In the active peroxymonosulfate anion, the sulfur atom is bonded in a tetrahedral arrangement to three oxygens and one peroxide oxygen; an –O–O–H group sits at the end of the chain. This group gives the substance an oxidizing character that sets it apart from sulfuric acid.
Sulfur is hexavalent; the peroxide oxygens are in the –1 oxidation state and tend to drop to the stable –2 state. The peroxide bond is approx. 1.46 Å long; because it is weak, oxygen transfer takes place easily.
The sulfur–oxygen bonds are covalent, while the bond between potassium and the anions is ionic. The substance is therefore an ionic crystal; its high polarity ensures easy dissolution in water, while in organic solvents it dissolves very little or reacts.
The acid-base character comes from two sources. The hydrogen sulfate ion is a moderately strong acid and gives the solution an acidic reaction; the second proton dissociation of the peroxymonosulfate ion, on the other hand, takes place at approx. pH 9–9.4. The solution of the product is therefore at approx. pH 2–2.3.
In the solid triple salt, sulfate and bisulfate ions separate the peroxide groups from one another and fix the crystal by hydrogen bonding. This structure gives slower decomposition than the KHSO₅ salt alone; under recommended conditions the loss is below 0.5 percent per month.
Stability in solution depends on pH. Solutions are relatively stable in acidic media; stability falls above pH 7 and reaches its lowest level at approx. pH 9. At this point HSO₅⁻ and the dissociated SO₅²⁻ species decompose one another and oxygen is released.
Transition metals such as cobalt, nickel, manganese and copper accelerate decomposition. These metals can break the peroxide bond and generate sulfate and peroxomonosulfate radicals; this property, used deliberately in advanced oxidation, is a factor to be avoided in storage.
Three factors determine its participation in reactions: the weak, electrophilic terminal peroxide oxygen, the fact that the leaving group is a stable sulfate, and the pH of the medium together with the presence of transition metals, halides and reducing agents.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
General technical specifications:
Values may vary by manufacturer, grade and measurement method; the list below provides general information and does not replace manufacturer-specific TDS and SDS documents.
Physical appearance: White or off-white, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder
Chemical character: Chlorine-free, strong and selective oxidizer; acidic triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol
CAS No: 70693-62-8
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Purity (assay): For the active component KHSO₅, one manufacturer’s specification gives a minimum of 42.8 percent and a typical value of approx. 44.7–45 percent. Some laboratory grades report a range of 42–48 percent. These are specification limits and typical values that depend on the grade and the manufacturer
Active oxygen: Minimum 4.5 percent; typical approx. 4.7 percent; theoretical value for the pure triple salt 5.2 percent. For some reagent grades the lower limit is given as 4.0 percent
Density: Approx. 2.3–2.35 g/cm³ for the solid (20 °C); a value of 1.98 is also seen in one source
Bulk density: Approx. 1.1–1.4 g/cm³ (1100–1400 kg/m³) depending on the grade
Solubility in water: In most documents approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C; one manufacturer’s table gives 106 g/L at 0 °C, 277 g/L at 20 °C, 357 g/L at 40 °C and 387 g/L at 60 °C
pH (aqueous solution): Depends on concentration; approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution at 25 °C, approx. 2.0 in a 3 percent solution and approx. 1.6 in a 10 percent solution
Decomposition: The solid product may begin to decompose above approx. 60–70 °C; the self-accelerating decomposition temperature is above 80 °C for the dry product and falls to 65 °C at 3.6 percent moisture. The heat of decomposition is approx. 251 kJ/kg
Moisture: By its nature it is affected by moisture; for one manufacturer the typical moisture is below 0.1 percent and the specification limit is below 0.3 percent
Iron (Fe) content: One manufacturer’s typical value is below 20 mg/kg; another technical document gives below 3 mg/kg. The value depends on the manufacturer
Heavy metals (Pb, Cu, etc.): One manufacturer’s typical limits are below 0.1 mg/kg for copper, 0.3 for chromium, 0.2 for manganese and 2 for zinc; no data were found for lead. These metals are important because they accelerate decomposition
Reactivity: It is a strong oxidizer; it reacts with reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, heavy metal salts and metal powders. Chlorine may form in a chloride-containing medium, and hydrogen cyanide with cyanide in an acidic medium. Moisture accelerates decomposition and heating
Short Description of Physical Properties
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is stable in dry, cool and tightly closed packaging. Although some values in data sheets look different at first sight, most of the differences stem from grade, measurement conditions or document source.
Most documents give a solubility of 250–300 g/L at 20 °C. Because the potassium sulfate in the triple salt is less soluble, it may precipitate above saturation, while KHSO₅ stays in solution. The very low values in some documents mostly relate to ready-made mixtures.
Density and bulk density are separate properties. The density of the crystal is approx. 2.3 g/cm³; the bulk density is markedly lower because it also includes the space between particles, and it is the figure used in storage and dosing calculations.
The decomposition temperature varies between 60 and 300 °C from document to document. The difference comes from gradual decomposition, moisture and impurities. In terms of safety, what matters is the self-accelerating decomposition temperature.
Because pH changes with concentration, it should not be given as a single value without stating the measurement conditions. Metal content, moisture and other limits depend on production quality and should be checked against the manufacturer’s TDS and COA documents.
HOW DOES POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The product dissolving in water dissociates into K⁺, HSO₅⁻, HSO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻ ions, and the oxidizing effect is shown by HSO₅⁻. In acidic media it takes up two electrons and is reduced to bisulfate: HSO₅⁻ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ → HSO₄⁻ + H₂O. The standard potential is approx. +1.81 to +1.85 V.
The reaction is mostly a single-step, two-electron oxygen transfer. The target molecule attacks the terminal peroxide oxygen; a stable sulfate leaves and the oxygen passes to the target. Because no free radical is needed, the reaction rate is generally predictable.
In the reaction with halides such as bromide and chloride, active halogen species are formed: HSO₅⁻ + Cl⁻ → HSO₄⁻ + OCl⁻. In chloride-containing waters the product can therefore behave like an additional source of chlorine; in chloride-containing wastewater, unwanted halogenated compounds can also form.
The reaction at the copper surface is of the form Cu + HSO₅⁻ + 2H⁺ → Cu²⁺ + HSO₄⁻ + H₂O. As the metal dissolves, oxide and organic residues are removed. Because the dissolved copper does not markedly accelerate decomposition, bath life and etch rate remain more predictable.
Oxidation proceeds step by step in sulfur-containing compounds and in cyanide. Cyanide is converted to cyanate, sulfide and mercaptans to sulfate or sulfur, and organic sulfides to sulfoxide and sulfone. Amines and ammonia derivatives can also be oxidized; this effect is exploited in odor control and in the removal of toxic anions.
In disinfection, the oxidizing effect is directed at the cell membrane, proteins and nucleic acids of the microorganism; cell components are oxidized and viability is lost. Efficacy depends on concentration, contact time, temperature and the organic load of the medium.
In polyamine-epichlorohydrin type wet-strength resins, the polymer chains are broken down by oxidation; once the bonds are broken the fibers separate from one another and the paper turns into pulp. The same oxidation also opens up the color-bearing groups in the paper.
In organic synthesis, the substance reacts with ketones to form a highly reactive intermediate called a dioxirane. The dioxirane transfers oxygen to alkenes and gives an epoxide. In the Shi epoxidation carried out with a fructose-derived ketone, the medium is kept at approx. pH 10.5 and 0 °C.
In the presence of transition metals such as cobalt, iron, manganese and copper, HSO₅⁻ is cleaved at the peroxide bond and gives a sulfate radical (SO₄•⁻) and a peroxomonosulfate radical. Advanced oxidation processes that break down organic pollutants are based on these radicals.
The same effect is an unwanted decomposition route in storage. For this reason the product should not come into contact with metal containers, rust or dust, and solutions should be prepared with water free of catalytic metals.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE USED?
It is used in many fields where a chlorine-free oxidizer is needed. In these fields, which range from pool water to the paper industry and from printed circuit production to wastewater treatment, the basic function is oxidation. The main sectors and functions are below.
Pool and spa water
As a chlorine-free shock oxidizer it oxidizes sweat, cosmetic residues and organic waste that build up in the water; it keeps the water clear and helps free the chlorine. It is not a disinfectant or an algaecide.
Disinfection and hygiene
It is the active ingredient of ready-made disinfectant powders; it is used on hard surfaces in hospitals and laboratories, in animal housing, in footbaths and in equipment immersion processes.
Paper and pulp
In broke and recycled pulps of wet-strength products such as packaging, towel and tissue paper, it helps dissolve fibers by breaking down wet-strength resins; it is a chlorine-free option.
Electronics and printed circuits
It acts as an oxidizer in the micro-etching of copper surfaces; it roughens the surface, cleans oxide and organic residues and prepares a suitable surface for the following plating and lamination steps.
Textiles
By smoothing the surface of wool fibers it reduces felting and shrinkage and also has a bleaching effect. Its lower risk of yellowing compared with chlorine-based methods is the basis of this use.
Laundry, cleaning and denture cleaning
It is an oxygen-based bleaching component in laundry bleaches, cleaning products and effervescent denture-cleaning tablets; it oxidizes food residues and organic stains.
Wastewater, odor control and mining
It is used in the oxidation of streams containing sulfide, mercaptan, amine and cyanide; in mining it has a place in cyanide removal and in some metal separation processes. Being halogen-free reduces the risk of halogenated by-products in wastewater.
Water treatment and advanced oxidation
When activated with metals, heat, light or carbon-based materials, it is studied and applied as a source of sulfate radicals in the degradation of pollutants.
Laboratory and organic synthesis
It serves as a reagent in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones and of aldehydes to carboxylic acids or esters, in epoxidation and Baeyer–Villiger reactions and in analytical work.
Agriculture and livestock hygiene
It is used in the disinfection of animal housing such as poultry and farm buildings and in animal drinking water hygiene; rates and conditions depend on biocidal legislation.
For each of these fields, the grade, documentation and regulatory compliance should be assessed separately.
IS POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetic applications
Use is limited. The name Potassium Caroate is listed in the CosIng database with an oxidizing function; however, it is not a common ingredient in cosmetic formulations. In hair lighteners, ammonium, potassium and sodium persulfates are mostly used as boosters, and these are different substances.
Because the substance is corrosive to skin and eyes, if cosmetic use is considered, the legal status, the safety assessment and persulfate impurity should be examined separately. It therefore cannot be said to be usable as a cosmetic raw material.
It appears as a bleaching component in denture-cleaning and oral care products; the legal class of these products varies by country and by the specific formulation.
Food applications
No. Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is not a food additive, carries no E code and cannot be added directly to food.
Indirect uses relate to surface hygiene; in Europe it has been assessed as a biocidal active substance for the disinfection of surfaces in the food and feed sectors and for animal drinking water hygiene.
Manufacturer documents also mention the selective removal of unwanted bacteria in fermentation processes. This is a processing-aid use and does not mean that residues will be present in the final product.
Pharmaceutical applications
No. It is not used as a drug active ingredient or excipient.
It can serve as the active ingredient of hard-surface disinfectants in hospitals and laboratories and as an oxidizing reagent in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. These uses are not a pharmaceutical formulation.
The use of a chemical for disinfection or analysis does not mean that it can be used as a food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical ingredient.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
Its industrial value rests on being chlorine-free and an oxidizer that works at a manageable rate. The headings below describe the function, reasons for preference and limits application by application.
Pool and spa water shock treatment
It oxidizes organic contaminants that build up in the water, keeps the water clear and makes it easier for the disinfectant to remain free. Reasons for preference are that it forms no chlorine odor, chloramines or trihalomethanes, is not broken down by ultraviolet light and allows swimming again after a short time.
The limitation is that the product is not a disinfectant; it should be used together with a registered disinfectant. It gives a falsely high reading in the DPD total chlorine test; neutralizing or compatible test kits remove this effect. Alternatives include hypochlorite and sodium percarbonate.
Disinfection and biocidal applications
It is the main component of Virkon-type ready-made disinfectant powders. In these powders, between 30 and 60 percent peroxomonosulfate is present together with surfactant, organic acid and sulfamic acid; they are used in hospitals, laboratories and animal housing.
In the EU assessment, use levels of approx. 5 g/L for surface disinfection and approx. 8 g/L for animal housing and footbaths were foreseen. Efficacy falls on dirty surfaces and cleaning is needed first. Alternatives are quaternary ammonium compounds, peracetic acid and chlorine compounds.
Paper and pulp
By oxidizing polyamine-epichlorohydrin and similar wet-strength resins, it allows broke paper and packaging waste to be turned into pulp. According to manufacturer documents, these resins can be broken down in under 30 minutes at approx. 60 °C.
Compared with hypochlorite, it forms no chlorinated organic by-products and has a lower corrosive effect. Because it is acidic, pH control may be needed; the dose and time are set according to the paper type. Alternatives are hypochlorite, persulfate–carbonate mixtures and alkaline treatment.
Electronics and printed circuits
In copper micro-etching, it lightly attacks the surface to remove oxide and organic residue and creates a bonding surface for subsequent plating and lamination. Because of the two-electron reaction, dissolved copper does not accelerate decomposition; the etch rate stays predictable.
Manufacturer comparisons state that it gives a more even copper grain structure than sodium persulfate, while sodium persulfate offers a price advantage. Hydrogen peroxide–sulfuric acid systems are also an option. Specially balanced products may be needed for baths with a high copper load.
Textiles
By smoothing the cuticle surface of wool fibers, it reduces felting and shrinkage. Reasons for preference are that it raises luster, does not cause yellowing and softens the handle.
The process must be carefully controlled to prevent fiber damage. Alternatives are chlorine-based treatments, enzymes and plasma methods; chlorine-based methods carry the problem of halogenated waste.
Laundry, cleaning and denture cleaning
It is an oxygen-based bleaching component in laundry and cleaning formulations. In denture-cleaning tablets it oxidizes food residues and organic stains; it provides effervescence together with perborate monohydrate at approx. 3:1 by weight in mildly alkaline tablets and with bicarbonate in neutral or mildly acidic systems.
Because moisture and alkaline components reduce stability in the tablet, dry manufacture and suitable packaging are needed. Alternatives are sodium percarbonate and organic peroxyacids.
Wastewater, odor and cyanide removal
It is used in odor control by oxidizing sulfides, sulfites, amines and mercaptans. Since it can also break down heavy-metal cyanides other than iron and gold complexes, it is considered for cyanide removal in mining.
Being halogen-free reduces the risk of halogenated compounds in wastewater. For cyanide, alkaline conditions and controlled pH are needed; in an acidic medium, toxic hydrogen cyanide may be released. Alternatives are hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide and permanganate.
Advanced oxidation and organic synthesis
Activated with metal, light, heat or carbon-based catalysts, the product generates sulfate radicals and is used in pollutant degradation. The limitations are the transfer of catalyst metals into waters and the formation of halogenated by-products in halide-containing waters.
In the laboratory it is a suitable, inexpensive and easy-to-handle reagent for oxidizing sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones and aldehydes to acids or esters, and for epoxide formation. Alternatives are peroxy acids and hydrogen peroxide systems.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE USE OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is a strong oxidizer, acidic and corrosive; it is affected by moisture and metals. The main points to be borne in mind in use are:
• A grade suited to the intended use should be chosen: technical, free-flowing, fine or granular, and reagent grades differ in KHSO₅ content, moisture and particle size
• The active content should be confirmed from the documents: the KHSO₅ content or active oxygen value should be the basis of dose calculations, and ready-made mixtures should not be confused with the raw product
• The product should be protected from moisture: moisture accelerates decomposition and heating; an opened package should be closed immediately and leftover product should not be returned to the original package
• Solutions should be prepared immediately before use: the active content of a solution left standing declines; decomposition speeds up above pH 7 and especially around pH 9
• Metal contamination should be avoided. Cobalt, nickel, manganese and copper accelerate decomposition; rust, dust and ash may also act as triggers. Plastic, stainless steel, glass or ceramic equipment should be preferred
• It should be kept away from incompatible substances. Dangerous reactions may occur on contact with reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, metal powders, halides, cyanides and chlorine compounds
• It should not be mixed with chlorine products. Chlorine gas may form in the presence of chloride; in particular, pool products should be added separately and without mixing them dry
• When preparing a solution, the product should be added to the water under stirring. Dust formation should be prevented, and heating and foaming should be monitored
• Dust should not be inhaled and contact with skin and eyes should be avoided. Chemical-resistant gloves, tightly fitting goggles or a face shield, protective clothing and, where necessary, particulate filter respiratory protection should be used
• Equipment corrosion should be monitored. Acidic solutions may corrode some metals, brass and copper alloys; gasket and pipe materials should be selected according to the manufacturer’s recommendation
• Environmental impact should be taken into account. The product is harmful to aquatic organisms; solutions should be released only after their oxidizing capacity has been removed and they have been brought into compliance with the conditions of the competent authorities
• The regulatory status should be verified. Uses that carry a disinfection claim are subject to biocidal legislation; licensing and notification obligations and chemicals legislation obligations in Türkiye should also be checked separately
This information is for general informational purposes and does not replace product-specific SDS and TDS documents.
INITIAL FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
The approaches in this section show at a conceptual level how the product can be evaluated in dilute aqueous systems. Because a strong oxidizer and corrosive substance is involved, no commercial recipe or process instruction is given.
The examples are not verified commercial recipes, production instructions or final formulas that comply with regulations. The ratios are starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials, and each formula adds up to 100%.
The result varies with the KHSO₅ content of the product, water quality, pH, temperature, metal ions and organic load. For every application, technical assessment, occupational safety and regulatory checks must be carried out, and the ratios should be reviewed by specialists.
EXAMPLE 1: CAPACITY ASSESSMENT OF A LIVESTOCK-HOUSING FOOTBATH SOLUTION UNDER ORGANIC LOAD
Purpose: To follow how the oxidizing capacity of a dilute Potassium Peroxomonosulfate solution used as a footbath declines as the organic load increases, and to determine how often the solution should be renewed.
Starting approach:
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate: approx. 0.8% (approx. 8 g/L)
Demineralized water: approx. 99.2%
Application approach:
• The solution is prepared immediately before use in a metal-free container with demineralized water; the product is added to the water under stirring.
• The starting pH and active oxygen content are measured by the iodometric method.
• Organic load such as bedding, manure or soil-like material is added to the solution in stages; the remaining active oxygen is determined at each step.
• The material compatibility of the containers and surfaces used is tried on small areas.
• The load at which capacity falls by half is recorded as the criterion for renewing the solution.
• A product that carries a disinfection efficacy claim requires the relevant biocidal license and test standards; this example is only a preliminary evaluation.
• During the work, tightly fitting goggles and gloves are used; the solution is not mixed with chlorine products.
EXAMPLE 2: ASSESSMENT OF OXIDANT LEVEL IN A CHLORINE-FREE ANTI-FELTING BATH FOR WOOL
Purpose: To examine the effect of the Potassium Peroxomonosulfate level on felting and shrinkage in an acidic oxidation bath used to smooth the cuticle surface of wool fiber.
Starting approach:
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate: approx. 7.6%
Wetting agent (nonionic surfactant): approx. 1.5%
Water: approx. 90.9%
Application approach:
• Wool fabric or tops is impregnated at approx. 100% bath pick-up; the patent literature cites approx. 5–8% oxidant on the weight of the wool, approx. 40 °C and a pH range of 1–4.
• The oxidation time is kept at a minimum of approx. 1.5–2 minutes, followed by rinsing with water.
• A sulfite bath is then applied (in the literature approx. 150 g/L, 35 °C, 30 seconds); an alkaline pH is maintained at this stage.
• A softener or silicone finish is applied; shrinkage, felting and handle are compared.
• The oxidant level is varied in stages and fiber damage and shrinkage are evaluated together.
• Safety goggles, gloves and a face shield are used during the work; the acidic bath and the sulfite solution are kept in separate containers, and waste is disposed of in accordance with legislation.
EXAMPLE 3: BUFFERED AND UNBUFFERED PULPING ASSESSMENT OF WET-STRENGTH PAPER WASTE
Purpose: To examine the effect of pH adjustment on dissolution time and fiber quality, at a fixed Potassium Peroxomonosulfate dose, in turning wet-strength paper waste containing polyamine-epichlorohydrin resin into pulp.
Starting approach:
Wet-strength paper, dry matter: approx. 5.00%
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate: approx. 0.15% (approx. 3% on dry paper)
Water: approx. 94.85%
Application approach:
• The paper is broken into small pieces and brought to a pulp consistency of approx. 5 percent with water.
• The mixture is heated to approx. 60 °C; according to manufacturer information, wet-strength resins can break down in less than 30 minutes at this temperature.
• The product is added under stirring; one series is left unbuffered, the other series is buffered to the pH 8–11 range reported to shorten the time in persulfate-based systems.
• Dissolution time, fiber dispersion, screen reject and fiber strength are compared in the two series.
• The same paper sample is tried in parallel with a chlorine-free alkaline method.
• Equipment corrosion is monitored; workers use safety goggles and gloves and avoid dust formation.
SIMILAR PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES TO POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
When choosing an alternative, oxidizing strength, pH range, residue, safety, waste management, legislation and cost should be assessed together; the aim is not merely to choose another oxidizer.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND PERSULFATES
Sodium, potassium and ammonium persulfates are also inorganic peroxy salts; they are used as polymerization initiators, printed-circuit etchants and hair-lightener boosters. When activated they generate strong radicals, and their standard potentials are higher than that of peroxomonosulfate.
Persulfates are respiratory and skin sensitizers and in most applications require activation. Potassium Peroxomonosulfate, on the other hand, oxidizes directly without activation and can give a more even surface in etching; persulfates are often more economical.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND SODIUM PERCARBONATE
Sodium percarbonate is an adduct of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide; it gives an alkaline solution in water, releases hydrogen peroxide and contains a higher active oxygen content by weight. It is used in laundry, cleaning and pool products.
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate works in an acidic medium and oxidizes some organic substances faster; percarbonate suits applications that need an alkaline medium. In transport, percarbonate is mostly classified as an oxidizing substance and this product as a corrosive substance.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
Hydrogen peroxide is a liquid, leaves water and oxygen as residue and has a very wide field of application; with activation it can generate hydroxyl radicals.
Transport and storage of concentrated solutions require special precautions; stabilizers and cold storage may be needed. Solid, free-flowing Potassium Peroxomonosulfate can offer an advantage where liquid handling is unwanted.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND PERACETIC ACID
Peracetic acid is a strong disinfectant effective over a wide pH range and is mostly sold as an equilibrium solution containing acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. It has a pungent odor and is corrosive.
Being a powder makes storage and distribution easier for Potassium Peroxomonosulfate. Peracetic acid, on the other hand, may be preferred in applications where microbial efficacy comes first and at low temperatures.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
Chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite and trichloroisocyanuric acid are low-cost, strong disinfectants; in return, they can form chloramines, trihalomethanes and adsorbable organic halides.
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate reduces the formation of halogenated by-products; however, in microbiological efficacy it does not replace chlorine compounds in every application. In pools it is usually used together with chlorine or bromine.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizer used for removal of sulfide, iron and manganese and in odor control; its purple color and manganese dioxide sludge are important limitations.
This product leaves no color or manganese dioxide sludge; however, it is acidic and can form active halogen in halide-containing waters. Chlorine dioxide, on the other hand, is a toxic gas generated on site and carries a different risk profile.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE AND QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
Quaternary ammonium compounds are surfactant-based disinfectants; they are not oxidizers, are stable and leave residues on surfaces. Peroxomonosulfate powders, in contrast, show a broad-spectrum oxidizing effect.
The choice should be made according to the target microorganism, the surface material, the organic load and the regulatory scope. No alternative is a one-to-one substitute in every system; performance testing and regulatory checks should be carried out in every case.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
Even when sold under the same name, the active content, moisture level and particle size differ by manufacturer and grade. Because ready-made mixtures can also be offered under this name, it should first be clarified whether the product is the raw triple salt or a formulated mixture.
The main parameters that can be evaluated in the quality control and purchasing process:
• Active component and active oxygen: One manufacturer gives a minimum of 42.8 percent for KHSO₅ and a minimum of 4.5 percent for active oxygen. The percentage of KHSO₅ is calculated by dividing the percentage of active oxygen by 0.1053
• Analytical method: Active oxygen is mostly determined by reaction with potassium iodide in an acidic medium and titration with sodium thiosulfate. In mixtures, other peroxy components may affect the result, so the method should be clarified with the supplier
• Appearance: It should be a white, free-flowing crystal or granule. Caking, discoloration or moisture stains point to a quality problem
• Moisture: For one manufacturer the typical value is below 0.1 percent and the specification limit is below 0.3 percent. Moisture adversely affects decomposition and the self-accelerating decomposition temperature
• pH: A range of approx. 2.0–2.3 is expected in a 1 percent solution; the measurement concentration and temperature should be stated
• Solubility and insoluble matter: Dissolution rate depends on particle size; for one manufacturer the typical insoluble matter is below 10 mg/kg
• Particle size and bulk density: Determined by sieve analysis; they affect dust formation, dosing accuracy and dissolution rate. For one manufacturer, 90–100 percent of the particles are between 0.1 and 0.8 mm
• Metal impurities: Traces of iron, copper, chromium, manganese and zinc accelerate decomposition. For one manufacturer the typical limits are below 3 mg/kg for Fe, 0.1 for Cu, 0.3 for Cr, 0.2 for Mn and 2 for Zn
• Persulfate and additives: Some products may contain up to 3 percent potassium persulfate and up to 2 percent magnesium carbonate. Because persulfate is a sensitizer, its limit should be asked about
• Stability: In the solid product, a monthly loss of below 0.5 percent is expected under recommended conditions. For one manufacturer the shelf life is 12 months from delivery
• Documents: Batch-specific certificate of analysis, current SDS, TDS, REACH registration information, transport classification and the regulatory status for biocidal use
• Packaging and batch: For one manufacturer, 25 kg polyethylene bags and 1000 kg polypropylene big bags with polyethylene liners are seen. The batch number, production date and package integrity should be checked
Binding specifications should be distinguished from typical values. Typical values are generally for information; the specification in the contract and the batch results on the certificate of analysis should be taken as the basis.
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
It is stable for a long time in dry, closed packaging; however, it is a strong oxidizer and corrosive. Storage conditions should be set according to these properties.
• Temperature and location: Store in a cool, dry place, preferably below 30 °C. Temperatures above 35 °C, direct sunlight and heat sources are avoided
• Moisture: The package should be kept tightly closed and protected from wetting and contamination. Moisture lowers the self-accelerating decomposition temperature
• Packaging: Store in the original packaging with labels intact. Leftover product from an opened package should not be returned to the main package
• Incompatible substances: Do not store near reducing agents, organic and combustible materials, alkalis, strong acids, heavy metal salts, metal powders, halides and cyanides
• Floor and material: Do not store on wooden floors or on combustible material. Plastic, stainless steel, glass and ceramic are compatible materials; rusty or metal-contaminated equipment should not be used
• Stacking: A gap of approx. 20–30 cm between pallets and no stacking of pallets on top of one another is recommended. Because large masses can trap heat, product piles should be kept small
• Fire safety: The product itself does not burn but supports combustion. It releases oxygen as it decomposes; contact with organic materials increases the fire risk
• Shelf life: For one manufacturer, 12 months from delivery is given. The monthly loss of activity is below 0.5 percent under recommended conditions; product kept for a long time can be retested before use
• Ventilation and dust: Dust formation should be prevented during transfer, the area should be well ventilated and local exhaust should be used
• Transport: In safety data sheets the number most often seen is UN 3260; its name is corrosive solid, acidic, inorganic, n.o.s., class 8, packing group II. A different number such as UN 3084 also appears in one source
• Transport classification: These differences may depend on the product form, composition and document date. Ready-made disinfectant mixtures may be classified differently. Before shipment, the supplier’s current SDS and the applicable transport legislation should be taken as the basis
• During transport: Package integrity should be maintained, the product should not be loaded together with combustible and reducing materials, it should be protected from moisture, and in case of a spill it should be collected without creating dust
SAFETY INFORMATION ON POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
It is a corrosive and oxidizing substance. Classification may differ in manufacturers’ safety data sheets; the classes of skin corrosion, serious eye damage and harmful if swallowed are, however, commonly reported.
The information below is for general informational purposes and does not replace the manufacturer-specific safety data sheet. Each supplier’s own SDS should be taken into account.
Main safety topics:
• Hazard classes: Commonly reported are harmful if swallowed (H302), severe skin burns and eye damage (H314, H318) and long-lasting harmful effects to aquatic life (H412). Some documents also include oxidizing solid (H272), respiratory and skin sensitization (H334, H317), respiratory irritation (H335) or H411
• Classification differences: The harmonized classification proposal being worked on in the EU additionally includes acute hazard to the aquatic environment and the statement corrosive to the respiratory tract (EUH071). Sensitization statements vary between documents depending on the persulfate impurity of the product
• Acute toxicity: The oral LD50 in rats is approx. 500 mg/kg; the dermal LD50 is reported as above 5000 mg/kg and the inhalation LC0 as above 5 mg/L
• Skin and eye contact: It can cause severe burns and permanent eye damage. In case of contact, contaminated clothing should be removed, skin and eyes should be rinsed with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, and medical help should be obtained
• Inhalation: Dust irritates and may corrode the respiratory tract. Allergic reactions are noted as possible in sensitive persons because of the persulfate impurity. The person should be taken to fresh air and medical help obtained if necessary
• Ingestion: The mouth should be rinsed, vomiting should not be induced, and the person should be given plenty of water to drink and taken immediately to a health facility or a poison information center (114 in Türkiye)
• Fire and reactivity: Not combustible but supports combustion. It releases oxygen as it decomposes; sulfur oxides may form in a fire. It can release chlorine with chloride and hydrogen cyanide with cyanide
• Occupational exposure: One SDS gives a derived no-effect level of 0.112 mg/m³ for workers for long-term local effects by inhalation. Some documents also cite a 0.1 mg/m³ ACGIH value for persulfates. Current limits in Türkiye should be checked separately
• Personal protective equipment: Nitrile or butyl rubber gloves, tightly fitting goggles or a face shield, protective clothing and, where dust forms, P3-class respiratory protection should be used
• Spills: It should be swept up without creating dust and collected in a separate plastic container; combustible absorbents should not be used. Small residues can be washed away with plenty of water
• Environment: Harmful to aquatic organisms; an EC50 of approx. 3.5 mg/L for Daphnia and an LC50 of approx. 53 mg/L for rainbow trout are reported. The product and concentrated solutions should not be released into the natural environment
• Waste: Leftover product and contaminated packaging should be managed as hazardous waste according to local legislation and should not be discharged to the sewer before the oxidizing capacity has been removed
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE?
To choose the right product, the identity should first be established clearly. Because peroxomonosulfate can be confused with potassium persulfate, sodium percarbonate, ready-made disinfectant powders and pool shock products, a request that says only “oxidizer” or “shock” is insufficient.
The request should state together the product name Potassium Peroxomonosulfate, CAS number 70693-62-8 and EC number 274-778-7.
The main points to consider when buying:
• Intended use and regulation: The purpose and country of use of the product should be clarified; if there is a disinfection claim, the biocidal regulatory status should be verified together with the supplier
• Grade: Between technical, reagent, pool and disinfectant, electronics or paper industry grades there may be differences in KHSO₅ content, particle size and level of documentation
• Technical specifications: KHSO₅ or active oxygen, moisture, pH, bulk density, particle size, metal impurities and persulfate limits should be requested explicitly
• Form: The requirement for powder, granule or liquid formulation should be stated; dissolution rate and dust formation depend on this choice
• Packaging and logistics: Net quantity, moisture-protective packaging, pallet arrangement and labels and documents suitable for corrosive substance transport should be determined
• Batch consistency: The certificates of analysis and the physical appearance of successive batches should be compared
• Shelf life: The production date and remaining shelf life of the delivered product should be asked about
• Documents: SDS, TDS, COA, REACH information and, where necessary, a biocidal scope declaration should be requested
• Supplier’s technical support: Information support on safe handling, storage, dose calculation and application should be evaluated
• Origin and manufacturer: Transparency of manufacturer information and traceability may be requested
• Total cost of supply: In addition to the unit price, the active content, dose, packaging, storage, protective equipment and waste management costs should be calculated together
Price comparison should not be made on price per kilogram alone; the KHSO₅ content, grade, level of documentation and security of supply should also be taken into account.
SUPPLY OF POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is a product evaluated as a chlorine-free oxidizer in fields such as pool water, disinfection, paper, electronics, textiles and wastewater. There are product pages on the ATAMAN KİMYA website under the names Oxone, Oxone Potassium Monopersulfate and Caroat.
Companies planning a purchase are advised to clarify the grade suited to the intended use, the technical specifications, regulatory conditions and the necessary documents before ordering.
Companies wishing to obtain information about supply from ATAMAN KİMYA can request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and price quotation by sharing their fields of use and technical needs.
The current stock status, origin, grade, KHSO₅ and active oxygen value, packaging, transport classification and the regulatory conditions for the intended use of the product should be confirmed from ATAMAN KİMYA before ordering.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request makes it easier to assess the right product quickly:
• Sector of use and final application
• Requested product name or grade: Oxone, Caroat or equivalent
• Required lower limit for KHSO₅ or active oxygen
• Requested form: powder or granule
• Limits for particle size, moisture and metal impurities
• Regulatory status for the intended use, for example biocidal use
• Process or application method used
• Estimated order quantity
• Requested packaging type
• Requested technical documents
• TDS or COA information of the current product, if available
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE
What is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
A strong, chlorine-free oxidizer of composition 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄, white, odorless and water-soluble. It is used in pool water shock treatment, disinfectants, wet-strength paper pulping, copper micro-etching, textiles and wastewater treatment.
What does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate mean?
The word peroxomonosulfate points to the HSO₅⁻ anion, in which the peroxide group is attached to a single sulfate group; monopersulfate and peroxymonosulfate are other names for the same anion. The triple salt is also known in trade under the names Oxone and Caroat.
What is the CAS number of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
The CAS number of the triple salt is 70693-62-8. 10058-23-8 is used only for the active component KHSO₅; some suppliers also give the number 37222-66-5 for the same product.
What is the EC / EINECS number of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
The EC number is 274-778-7.
What is the chemical formula of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
The formula of the triple salt is 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄ and its molecular weight is approx. 614.76 g/mol. The molecular weight of the active component KHSO₅ is approx. 152.2 g/mol.
How much active oxygen does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate contain?
In commercial products the active oxygen is at least 4.5 percent and typically approx. 4.7 percent; the theoretical value for the pure triple salt is 5.2 percent. This corresponds to a KHSO₅ content of approx. 42–48 percent by weight.
What is the INCI name of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
The INCI name is Potassium Caroate and it appears in the CosIng record with an oxidizing function. The presence of an INCI name does not mean that the product can be used in cosmetics.
Is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate used in cosmetics?
To a limited extent. It is not a common ingredient in cosmetic formulations; persulfates are mostly used as boosters in hair lighteners. Because it corrodes the skin, cosmetic use requires a separate safety assessment.
Is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate used in food or pharmaceuticals, and does it have an E number?
No. It is not a food additive and has no E code; it is also not used as a drug active ingredient or excipient. It appears as a processing aid or reagent in surface disinfection, animal drinking water hygiene and chemical synthesis.
What is the difference between Potassium Peroxomonosulfate and potassium persulfate?
In peroxomonosulfate the peroxide group is attached to a single sulfate and in most applications oxidizes directly. Potassium persulfate, by contrast, is a different salt in which two sulfate groups are joined by a peroxide bond; it often needs activation to generate radicals and is a sensitizer.
What is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate used for?
As a chlorine-free oxidizer it is used in pool water shock treatment, surface disinfection, wet-strength paper repulping, copper surface preparation, wool treatment, laundry and denture cleaning, odor and cyanide removal and organic synthesis.
In which sectors is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate used?
It is used in the pool and spa, disinfection and hygiene, paper and pulp, electronics and printed circuit, textile, cleaning and laundry, wastewater and mining, water treatment, and laboratory and organic synthesis sectors.
How does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate carry out oxidation?
The HSO₅⁻ ion takes up two electrons and is reduced to bisulfate, and it transfers its peroxide oxygen to the target molecule. It converts halides to active halogen and sulfide and cyanide to less harmful products; when activated with transition metals it forms sulfate radicals.
What does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate do?
It serves to oxidize contaminants, break down wet-strength resins, micro-etch copper surfaces, prepare wool against felting and maintain surface hygiene. Being halogen-free is its main advantage.
How does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate work in pool water?
By oxidizing organic contaminants that enter the water, it keeps the water clear and helps the disinfectant remain free; it is not a disinfectant. Because it gives a falsely high reading in the DPD total chlorine test, a neutralizing reagent or compatible test kit is needed.
Is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate soluble in water?
Yes. Most documents report a solubility of approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C, and solubility increases with temperature. Its solution is acidic; the pH is approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution.
How much Potassium Peroxomonosulfate is used in a pool?
Product labels give 1–2 lb of product for a 10,000-gallon pool of approx. 38 m³, that is, approx. 12–24 g/m³. The dose depends on the active content of the product and the condition of the pool; the product label and the manufacturer’s instructions should always be taken as the basis.
Is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate a hazardous substance?
Yes. It is harmful if swallowed, seriously corrosive to skin and eyes and harmful to the aquatic environment. Some documents also classify it as oxidizing and sensitizing. It should be used with protective equipment.
Why can Potassium Peroxomonosulfate cause burns on skin and eyes?
Its solution is strongly acidic and the substance has an oxidizing effect. It oxidizes tissue proteins, and combined with the acidity of bisulfate, serious damage can occur. The persulfate impurity can also cause allergic reactions in sensitive persons.
Is Potassium Peroxomonosulfate registered under REACH?
Yes. The substance is registered under REACH; the registration number appears in supplier SDSs. As a biocidal active substance it has been approved in the EU for product types 2, 3, 4 and 5. The current status and the registration of a particular supplier should be confirmed with the supplier.
What does Potassium Peroxomonosulfate look like?
It is a white or off-white, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder. Ready-made disinfectant mixtures may be colored, for example pink.
What is the UN number of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
For the solid product, the number most often seen in safety data sheets is UN 3260; class 8, packing group II. UN 3084 also appears in one source. Before shipment, the supplier’s current SDS should be checked.
Why are moisture, metal and persulfate impurities important in Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
Moisture and transition metals accelerate decomposition and heating and shorten shelf life. Persulfate is important for safety because it is a sensitizer. For this reason the limits should be verified from the COA.
What does the price of Potassium Peroxomonosulfate depend on?
The price varies according to KHSO₅ content, grade, particle size, packaging, order quantity, origin, documentation, raw material costs and logistics conditions. Corrosive substance transport also affects the cost.
Is there an alternative to Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
Yes. Persulfates, sodium percarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, chlorine compounds, permanganate and quaternary ammonium compounds can be alternatives depending on the application. None is a direct substitute in every system.
How should Potassium Peroxomonosulfate be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, preferably below 30 °C, in its closed original packaging, away from moisture, metals, reducing and combustible substances and alkalis.
Which documents should be requested when buying Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
SDS, TDS and the batch-specific COA are the basic documents. REACH information, transport classification and a supplier declaration on the regulatory status for biocidal use may also be requested.
Which technical specifications are important when buying Potassium Peroxomonosulfate?
KHSO₅ or active oxygen, moisture, pH, solubility, bulk density, particle size, metal impurities, persulfate content, form, shelf life and packaging are important.
POTASSIUM PEROXOMONOSULFATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Chemical name: Pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulfate) bis(sulfate); potassium hydrogen peroxymonosulfate sulfate
Common name: Potassium Peroxomonosulfate, Potassium Monopersulfate, potassium peroxymonosulfate, Oxone, Caroat
CAS No: 70693-62-8
EC / EINECS No: 274-778-7
Molecular formula: 2KHSO₅·KHSO₄·K₂SO₄
Molecular weight: 614.76 g/mol
Chemical class: Inorganic peroxy salt; triple salt containing peroxymonosulfate
Physical appearance: White, odorless, free-flowing crystalline or granular powder
Main properties: Strong chlorine-free oxidizer, soluble in water at approx. 250–300 g/L at 20 °C, pH approx. 2.0–2.3 in a 1 percent solution, typical active oxygen approx. 4.7 percent, density approx. 2.3 g/cm³, bulk density approx. 1.1–1.4 g/cm³
Main functions: Oxidizer, active substance of disinfectants, shock oxidizer, wet-strength resin remover, micro-etching oxidizer, bleaching component
Important application areas: Pool and spa water, disinfection, paper and pulp, printed circuits, wool textiles, laundry and denture cleaning, wastewater and odor removal, organic synthesis
Critical parameters for quality control: KHSO₅ and active oxygen, moisture, pH, particle size, bulk density, metal impurities, persulfate content, documents appropriate to the grade
Storage: In a cool, dry and ventilated area, preferably below 30 °C, in closed packaging; separate from moisture, metals, and reducing and combustible substances
Regulation: Oxidizing substance that corrodes skin and eyes and is harmful if swallowed; registered under REACH and approved as a biocidal active substance in the EU; mostly UN 3260, class 8 in transport; conditions of use and transport should be confirmed from the supplier and current legislation.
