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Propane-1,2-diol alginate is an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener used in food products.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a food additive with E number E405.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is an ester of alginic acid, which is derived from kelp.
CAS Number: 9005-37-2
Molecular Formula: (C9H14O70n
Synonyms: Propane-1,2-diol alginate, Hydroxypropyl alginate1,2-Propanediol ester of alginic acidPropylene glycol alginate, RefChem:868857, femanumber2941;kelcoloid;kelcoloidhvf;manucolestere/rep;propyleneglycolalginateester;1,2-Propanediol alginate, PROPYLENEGLYCOLALGINATE, HIGHVISCOSITY, PROPYLENEGLYCOLALGINATE, LOWVISCOSITY
Propane-1,2-diol alginate groups are esterified with propylene glycol, some are neutralized with an appropriate alkali, and some remain free.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a modified alginic acid ester derived from brown seaweed (alginates) in which some carboxyl groups are esterified with propylene glycol (propane-1,2-diol).
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used as a thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, and foam stabilizer in food and technical applications.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a modified hydrocolloid.
Chemically, Propane-1,2-diol alginate consists of alginic acid backbone (mannuronic and guluronic acid units) partially converted into propylene glycol esters, giving it both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
This modification improves acid stability and emulsifying ability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate enhances functional performance.
Physically, it appears as a white to off-white powder or fibrous material.
It is dispersible in water and forms viscous solutions.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is odorless or has a very mild smell.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate provides thickening and stabilizing properties, increasing viscosity in aqueous systems.
It helps maintain uniform texture and prevents separation.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate has good emulsifying ability, helping stabilize oil-in-water systems.
It reduces surface tension between phases.
This improves emulsion stability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate shows excellent stability in acidic conditions, unlike many other alginates.
This makes it suitable for acidic foods and beverages.
This expands its applications.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is heat-stable under normal food processing conditions, maintaining functionality during pasteurization.
This improves processing reliability.
This increases versatility.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is non-digestible dietary fiber, passing through the digestive system largely unchanged.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate contributes minimal calories.
This supports functional food use.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is best described as a chemically modified seaweed-derived hydrocolloid with enhanced acid stability, emulsifying ability, and thickening properties, widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate also shows excellent performance in beverage stabilization systems, especially in acidic soft drinks and fruit-based drinks.
It helps keep pulp, flavors, and oils evenly distributed.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate can act as a cloud stabilizer, maintaining a consistent cloudy appearance in citrus and flavored beverages.
This prevents settling of suspended particles.
This improves visual quality.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate has good resistance to protein precipitation effects, making it useful in mixed systems containing both proteins and acids.
It helps maintain smooth texture in dairy-acid blends.
This improves formulation stability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate demonstrates strong interfacial activity, meaning it helps stabilize the boundary between oil and water phases.
This reduces coalescence of droplets.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used in flavored emulsions and concentrated flavor bases, where it helps maintain uniform dispersion of aromatic oils.
Boiling point: 886.32°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.2096 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.7040 (estimate)
FEMA: 2941 | PROPYLENE GLYCOL ALGINATE
solubility: Soluble in dilute organic acids and water, forming stable, viscous, colloidal solutions at pH 3. Depending upon the degree of esterification, propylene glycol alginate is also soluble in aqueous ethanol/water mixtures containing up to 60% w/w of ethanol (95%)
pH: pH (1%, 25℃): 3.5–4.5
Odor: bland
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: BINDING; VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
Propane-1,2-diol alginate also shows excellent stability in acidic beverages, which is one of its key advantages over regular alginates.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate remains functional in low pH environments like soft drinks and fruit juices.
This expands its usability in acidic foods.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate has strong emulsifying and stabilizing performance in oil-in-water systems, helping keep fat droplets evenly dispersed.
This prevents phase separation over time.
This improves product consistency.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate exhibits good foam stabilization properties, helping maintain stable foams in whipped or aerated products.
This is useful in certain dessert and beverage applications.
This improves texture and appearance.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate shows moderate viscosity development, meaning it thickens solutions effectively but not excessively.
This allows controlled texture adjustment.
This improves formulation precision.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate has good compatibility with other hydrocolloids, such as pectin, carrageenan, and guar gum.
These combinations allow tailored texture systems.
This increases functional flexibility.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is resistant to calcium-induced gel formation compared to regular alginates, due to its esterified structure.
This makes it more suitable for stable liquid systems rather than strong gels.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate defines its functional range.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate demonstrates good shear stability, meaning its viscosity remains relatively stable under mixing and processing.
This is important in industrial production.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate improves process reliability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is often used in controlled viscosity systems, where a stable, pourable texture is needed rather than firm gel formation.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is common in beverages and sauces.
This improves usability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate also provides emulsion stabilization over long storage periods, reducing separation in complex formulations.
This improves shelf life and product appearance.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate enhances consumer quality perception.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a modified seaweed-derived hydrocolloid with enhanced acid stability, emulsifying ability, foam stabilization, and controlled thickening properties, widely used in food and industrial systems requiring stable acidic formulations.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate shows good freeze-thaw stability, helping maintain texture in frozen and thawed systems.
This reduces structural breakdown after temperature changes.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is often used in sprayable and pourable food systems, where controlled viscosity and flow behavior are required.
It ensures smooth application and pouring.
This improves usability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate has low sensitivity to calcium compared to regular alginates, which prevents unwanted gel formation in liquid products.
This is important for stable beverages.
This improves processing control.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is also used in technical emulsions, such as coatings and industrial dispersions, where stable oil-water mixtures are required.
It helps maintain long-term stability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a highly functional modified alginate with strong acid stability, emulsifying ability, cloud stabilization, and controlled viscosity properties, widely used in food, beverage, cosmetic, and industrial formulations requiring stable liquid systems.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is practically odorless and tasteless.
The propylene glycol ester of alginic acid varies in composition according to its degree of esterification and the percentages of free and neutralized carboxyl groups in the molecule.
For a detailed description of this compound refer to Burdock (1997).
Propane-1,2-diol alginate, extracted from brown seaweed, is reacted with propylene oxide to form propylene glycol alginate.
Various grades may be obtained that differ in composition according to the degree of esterification and the percentage of free and neutralized carboxyl groups present in the molecule; complete esterification of alginic acid is impractical.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a stable material, although it will gradually become less soluble if stored at elevated temperatures for extended periods.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate solutions are most stable at pH 3–6. In alkaline solutions, propylene glycol alginate is rapidly saponified.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate are susceptible to microbial spoilage and should be sterilized or preserved with an antimicrobial preservative.
However, sterilization processes may adversely affect the viscosity of propylene glycol alginate solutions.
Uses Of Propane-1,2-diol alginate.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is a gum that is the propylene glycol ester of alginic acid, which is obtained from kelp as compared to sodium alginates, it has reduced sensitivity to acid and calcium salts.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate functions in acidic systems.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate functions as a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in beer, salad dressings, syrups, and fruit drinks.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used as a stabilizing, suspending, gelling, and emulsifying agent in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Typically, a concentration of 0.3–5% w/v is used, although this may vary depending upon the specific application and the grade of propylene glycol alginate used.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is also used in cosmetics and food products.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is widely used in the food industry as a stabilizer, thickener, emulsifier, and clouding agent.
It helps maintain uniform texture and prevents separation in liquid systems.
This improves product stability.
In soft drinks and fruit beverages, it is used to stabilize pulp, oils, and flavor components.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate maintains a consistent cloudy appearance and prevents sedimentation.
This improves visual and sensory quality.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is applied in acidic beverages, such as citrus drinks and flavored waters, where it remains stable at low pH.
It prevents phase separation under acidic conditions.
This improves formulation reliability.
In dairy and dairy-like products, E405 is used in acidified milk drinks and flavored beverages.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate helps stabilize proteins and emulsions.
This improves texture and prevents curdling.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used in sauces, dressings, and condiments, where it stabilizes emulsions and improves viscosity.
It keeps oil and water phases evenly mixed.
This enhances consistency.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is applied in ice cream and frozen desserts, where it helps improve stability and texture.
It reduces ice crystal formation and improves smoothness.
This enhances product quality.
It is used in flavored emulsions and concentrates, where it stabilizes essential oils and aroma compounds.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate prevents separation during storage.
This improves flavor consistency.
In bakery and confectionery products, it may be used in fillings, glazes, and coatings.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate improves texture and moisture retention.
This enhances product stability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is also used in pharmaceutical formulations, such as suspensions and liquid medicines.
It helps maintain uniform distribution of active ingredients.
This improves dosage consistency.
In cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions and gels, it acts as a stabilizer and thickener.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate improves texture and prevents phase separation.
This enhances product performance.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used wherever acid-stable thickening, emulsifying, cloud stabilization, and texture control are required in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate (E405) is also used in low-pulp and clear beverage systems, where it helps maintain a stable “cloud” without forming sediment.
It keeps fine particles evenly suspended.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is applied in flavored oil emulsions, such as citrus oils or essential oil-based drinks.
It stabilizes dispersed oil droplets in water.
This prevents separation during storage.
In whipped and aerated food products, it helps stabilize foam structure and maintain volume.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate slows collapse of air bubbles.
This improves texture and shelf life.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used in instant beverage powders, where it helps ensure uniform dispersion when reconstituted in water.
It prevents clumping and uneven mixing.
This improves user convenience.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is applied in acidic dairy alternatives, such as plant-based yogurts and fermented drinks.
It stabilizes proteins and prevents curdling in low pH environments.
This improves product stability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used in ready-to-drink functional beverages, including vitamin drinks and fortified waters.
It helps maintain even distribution of nutrients and additives.
This improves product consistency.
In syrups and liquid concentrates, it controls viscosity and prevents ingredient separation during storage.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate ensures smooth pouring behavior.
This improves handling and usability.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is also used in industrial emulsions, such as flavor carriers and coating systems.
It helps stabilize oil-water mixtures over long periods.
This extends technical applications.
In some specialty food systems, it is used for controlled texture design, where precise viscosity and flow behavior are required.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate allows fine tuning of mouthfeel.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used wherever acid-stable emulsification, cloud stabilization, controlled viscosity, and suspension of particles or oils are required in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
Safety Profile Of Propane-1,2-diol alginate:
Mddly toxic by ingestion.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and food products.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material, although excessive oral consumption may be harmful.
A study in five healthy male volunteers fed a daily intake of 175 mg/kg body-weight of propylene glycol alginate for 7 days, followed by a daily intake of 200 mg/kg body-weight of propylene glycol alginate for a further 16 days, showed no significant adverse effects.
Propane-1,2-diol alginate is generally considered a low-toxicity, regulated food additive, derived from modified seaweed alginate.
It is approved for use in food systems within strict limits.
Propane-1,2-diol alginates safety profile is well established.
One of the main concerns is its behavior as a dietary fiber-like substance, since it is not fully digested.
At higher intake levels, it may cause mild gastrointestinal effects, such as bloating, gas, or loose stools.
These effects are dose-dependent.
Because it can increase viscosity in the gut, very high consumption without sufficient fluid may theoretically contribute to digestive discomfort, though this is rare in normal dietary use.
Adequate hydration reduces this risk.
Allergic reactions are very rare, but mild sensitivity to seaweed-derived products or hydrocolloids can occur in susceptible individuals.
