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Propylene carbonate is the cyclic carbonate ester of propylene glycol, a colorless, clear liquid of low viscosity. Its molecular formula is C₄H₆O₃, its molecular weight is about 102.09 g/mol and its CAS number is 108-32-7. It is classified as a polar aprotic solvent that combines a high boiling point, a wide liquid range and strong polarity.
Also known as 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, this liquid shows high dissolving power for polar molecules and salts, mixes with many organic solvents and is only partly soluble in water. Its evaporation rate is low and its flash point is high; the harmonised EU classification lists only eye irritation. It can react slowly with nucleophiles such as amines and water.
Cyclic propylene carbonate is used in paint strippers, industrial cleaners, adhesives, epoxy systems, lithium battery electrolytes, natural gas processing and cosmetic formulations. When evaluating it, the grade, water content, hygroscopicity, tendency to hydrolyze and application-specific regulation should be taken into account. This product can be supplied from ATAMAN KİMYA; for technical information and supply requests, contacting ATAMAN KİMYA is recommended.
WHAT IS PROPYLENE CARBONATE?
Propylene carbonate is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol. Its systematic name is 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one. The structure consists of a five-membered ring carrying a carbonate group and a methyl group attached to the ring.
At room temperature it is a colorless, clear and mobile liquid. Its odor is very faint and ether-like; some documents describe it as odorless. It is hygroscopic, meaning it gradually takes up moisture from the air.
The carbon atom to which the methyl group is attached is a chiral center. The commercial product is a racemate, an equal mixture of the two enantiomers, and is not sold as a single enantiomer.
The most common production route is the reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide. The reaction takes place in the presence of a catalyst, at high temperature and under pressure; in research, ionic liquid and zinc salt catalysts have been used at about 100–130 °C and 2–3.5 MPa. Atom economy is close to ideal. The routes using urea and propylene glycol, and phosgene, are less widely used.
As a solvent it has properties similar to polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile and acetone. Its boiling and flash points, however, are much higher. This difference is a reason for preferring it in applications that call for a less volatile, lower-odor solvent.
Its main purpose of use is as a solvent. Paint and coating removal, cleaning, adhesive and ink systems and polymer processing are examples in this area. It is also used as an electrolyte solvent in lithium batteries, as a solvent for carbon dioxide removal in natural gas and as a chemical intermediate.
There are significant differences between commercial grades. The industrial grade is intended as a solvent and additive; battery and electronics grades are produced with much lower water and impurity limits. When buying, not only the name but also the grade should be specified.
Propylene carbonate is a different substance from the polymer polypropylene carbonate and from propylene oxide. Polypropylene carbonate is a separate plastic obtained by polymerizing propylene oxide with carbon dioxide. The chemical identity should be confirmed by CAS number 108-32-7.
In the United States, the environmental authority excludes the substance from the definition of volatile organic compounds. This exemption is specific to the region; in other markets the definition of volatile organic compounds may differ, and the rule of the target country should be checked separately.
COMMON PRODUCT AND CHEMICAL NAMES OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE:
Propilen Karbonat
Propylene Carbonate
Propilen Glikol Karbonat
Propylene Glycol Carbonate
Siklik Propilen Karbonat
Cyclic Propylene Carbonate
Propilen Glikol Siklik Karbonat
Propylene Glycol Cyclic Carbonate
1,2-Propilen Karbonat
1,2-Propylene Carbonate
1,2-Propandiol Siklik Karbonat
1,2-Propanediol Cyclic Carbonate
4-Metil-1,3-dioksolan-2-on
4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
1,3-Dioksolan-2-on, 4-metil-
1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 4-methyl-
Propylencarbonat
Carbonate de propylène
Carbonato de propileno
PC
1,2-PDC
PC-HP
Jeffsol PC
Texacar PC
Arconate 5000
Solvenon PC
Most of these names express the same substance with different spellings. 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one is the systematic name; propylene glycol carbonate and 1,2-propanediol cyclic carbonate emphasize the structure derived from propylene glycol.
PC and 1,2-PDC are abbreviations. Because these abbreviations are also used for other substances, orders and documents should not rely on the abbreviation alone; the name and CAS number should be written together.
Jeffsol PC, Texacar PC, Arconate 5000 and Solvenon PC are trade names. Of these, the Jeffsol brand refers to Huntsman products. A product requested by brand name should be confirmed separately with the supplier.
Propylene carbonate should not be confused with ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate or polypropylene carbonate. These are separate substances with different CAS numbers, different physical properties and different fields of use.
CAS NO, EC / EINECS NO AND CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Product name: Propilen Karbonat / Propylene Carbonate
Common abbreviation: PC
Chemical name: 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one
INCI name: Propylene Carbonate
CAS No: 108-32-7
EC / EINECS No: 203-572-1
EU index number: 607-194-00-1
Molecular formula: C₄H₆O₃
Molecular weight: 102.09 g/mol
Chemical class: Cyclic carbonate ester; polar aprotic solvent
Main functions: Solvent, viscosity reducer, reactive diluent, electrolyte solvent, chemical intermediate
The harmonised EU classification records the substance, under index number 607-194-00-1, as serious eye irritation category 2. A registration number of 01-2119537232-48 is given; some sources report the annual tonnage band as between 10,000 and 100,000 tonnes.
The PubChem identification number is 7924 and the substance code of the American Food and Drug Administration is 8D08K3S51E. The customs tariff heading is mostly given in group 2920; the detailed tariff code should be verified according to the product and the country.
The existence of an INCI name does not mean the product can be used freely in every cosmetic product. Likewise, permission for certain uses in materials in contact with food does not mean the substance is a food additive.
CAS and EC numbers are necessary to match the product with the correct substance. A high-purity battery grade and an industrial grade carry the same number; therefore, in a request, the grade, water content and documents should be written together with the number.
CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE
The five-membered ring consists of three carbon and two oxygen atoms. One of the ring carbons is bonded to two ester oxygens and carries a carbonyl oxygen through a double bond. A methyl group is attached to one of the neighboring carbons.
The carbonate group consists of two ester bonds and one carbonyl bond. The carbonyl carbon is electron-deficient; for this reason, nucleophiles such as amines can open the ring. The strain of the ring and the polarity of the carbonyl make this reaction possible.
The molecule is highly polar. Its dipole moment is about 4.9 debye and its relative dielectric constant is about 64. These values make it easier to dissolve ionic compounds such as lithium salts and to dissociate the ions.
The molecular structure contains no acidic hydrogen such as a hydroxyl or amine. For this reason propylene carbonate is an aprotic solvent; it does not act as a hydrogen bond donor and does not strongly solvate anions. As a result, nucleophiles remain more active in some reactions.
The logarithm of the octanol-water partition coefficient is about -0.4 to -0.5. The substance can be found partly in water and partly in organic phases; its tendency to accumulate in biological tissue is very low.
The stability of the substance is good in a neutral and dry environment. In the presence of water, acids and bases the ring hydrolyzes and propylene glycol and carbon dioxide form. The rate depends on pH, temperature and the amount of water; in a closed container, the buildup of carbon dioxide can create pressure.
Thermal decomposition takes place at high temperature. In safety data sheets the decomposition temperature is given as about 300–350 °C. The combustion or decomposition products are carbon oxides.
Strong acids, bases, oxidizers and reducing agents can break down the structure. Residual propylene oxide and propylene glycol from production are the main impurities that determine quality; in battery grades these limits are much tighter.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE
General technical properties:
Values may vary according to the manufacturer, grade and measurement method; the information below is for general information purposes and does not replace manufacturer-specific TDS and SDS documents.
Physical appearance: Colorless, clear, mobile liquid; very faint, ether-like odor. Some documents describe it as odorless
Chemical character: Neutral, polar aprotic, hygroscopic cyclic carbonate ester; has a high dielectric constant
Molecular formula: C₄H₆O₃
Molecular weight: 102.09 g/mol
CAS No: 108-32-7
EC / EINECS No: 203-572-1
Purity: In the industrial grade mostly at least 99.5%; in commercial specifications values between at least 99.0% and 99.7% are seen. For battery grade, at least 99.99% is required in one industry standard. These values are example specification levels, not binding product limits
Density: About 1.19–1.21 g/cm³ at 20–25 °C. One specification gives 1.200 ± 0.005 and another 1.203 ± 0.005 g/cm³
Viscosity: Dynamic viscosity about 2.5–2.8 mPa·s at 20 °C; kinematic viscosity about 1.4–1.6 mm²/s
Refractive index: n20/D about 1.419–1.422
Melting point: About -48.8 to -49 °C; -54 or -55 °C in some documents
Boiling point: About 240–243 °C
Flash point: Between 116 and 135 °C according to the documents; the values 116, 123, 132 and 135 °C are reported depending on the method and the type of cup
Autoignition temperature: About 430–455 °C
Vapor pressure: Very low at 20 °C; values between about 0.04 and 0.17 mbar are seen in the documents
Explosion limits: Inconsistent between documents; values of about 1.8–14.3% and 4.7–21% at 200 °C are given. They should not be used without stating the measurement conditions
Dipole moment and dielectric constant: About 4.9 D; relative dielectric constant about 64
Solubility in water: Limited and varies by source. Values of about 175–240 g/L at 20–25 °C are common; lower and higher figures are also reported. Miscibility increases as temperature rises
Solubility in organic solvents: Miscible with acetone, ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene and dimethylformamide; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride
pH (aqueous solution): About 7 in a 200 g/L solution at 20 °C; one safety data sheet gives a range of 5.5–7.5. It should not be taken as a single value without stating concentration and temperature
Octanol-water partition coefficient: log Pow about -0.41 to -0.5
Hygroscopicity: Takes up moisture; should be stored in a dry, closed container
Decomposition: In the presence of moisture and water, slow hydrolysis forms propylene glycol and carbon dioxide. Thermal decomposition begins at about 300–350 °C; combustion products are carbon oxides
Moisture: In industrial specifications mostly at most 0.03% to 0.1%; in battery grade, 0.002–0.003% in one standard, that is, at the level of 20–30 ppm
Color: At most 10, 15 or 16 APHA in various specifications; values of 40 and 100 are seen in lower grades
Impurities: Residual propylene oxide is at most 200 ppm in one specification and 0.2% for the industrial grade in one industry standard. Limits of 600 ppm or 0.2% are likewise seen for propylene glycol
Trace metals: In high-purity grades, at most 1 mg/kg each of sodium, potassium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium and calcium may be required. There is no general limit for industrial grades; it depends on the product specification
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions. Reacts slowly with amines and water; incompatible with strong acids, bases, oxidizers and reducing agents
Short Description of Physical Properties
Propylene carbonate is a liquid with a boiling point above 240 °C but low viscosity at room temperature. It is easily pumped and poured. Because of its low vapor pressure it evaporates slowly even in an open container.
A melting point of about -49 °C makes use in cold environments easier. Its high dielectric constant and dipole moment make it a polar solvent that dissolves salts. This property is the basis of battery and electrochemical applications.
Small and large differences are seen between documents. The flash point is given between 116 and 135 °C and the solubility in water between 175 and 240 g/L. The differences come from the measurement method, purity and water content; binding values should be sought in the product's own certificate of analysis.
Water is one of the most important indicators of quality. Because the substance absorbs moisture, the water content of a product left open rises. In sensitive uses such as batteries, water is monitored at the ppm level; in industrial cleaning, tenths of a percent may be sufficient.
Hydrolysis is slow but real. Under neutral, cold and dry conditions the product is stable for a long time; acid, base and heat speed the process. The hydrolysis products are propylene glycol and carbon dioxide, and neither is an expected component of a quality product.
HOW DOES PROPYLENE CARBONATE WORK AT THE MOLECULAR LEVEL?
The effect of propylene carbonate rests mainly on three properties: high polarity, the absence of protic hydrogen and the ability of the carbonate ring to react with nucleophiles. Which property comes to the fore depends on the purpose of use.
When working as a solvent, the polar carbonyl oxygen of the molecule binds to cations. The methyl and methylene groups, on the other hand, interact weakly with organic molecules. In this way both polar and partly nonpolar substances can be dissolved.
Hansen solubility parameters summarize this behavior. A manufacturer article gives the total value as 13.3, the dispersion component as 9.8, the polarity component as 8.8 and the hydrogen bonding component as 2.0. Because the hydrogen bonding share is low, it behaves differently from solvents that form strong hydrogen bonds, such as water.
Being aprotic means that a strong solvent shell does not form around anions. For this reason nucleophiles remain more reactive in some reactions. Because the solvent has no hydroxyl group, it does not react like alcohols.
As an electrolyte, the lithium ion dissolves around the carbonyl oxygens and separates from the anion of the salt. The high dielectric constant makes it easier for ion pairs to dissociate. Electrical conductivity rises accordingly, but high viscosity limits conductivity; for this reason it is mixed with a low-viscosity co-solvent such as dimethoxyethane.
The situation is different with graphite anodes. Research reports that electrolytes containing propylene carbonate can enter between the graphite layers and cause the layers to separate. Ethylene carbonate, on the other hand, forms a protective interface layer on the graphite surface; because of this difference, ethylene carbonate has been preferred in classical lithium-ion batteries.
Recent studies show that, with suitable additives and salt selection, electrolytes containing propylene carbonate can operate stably at low temperature. One study reported that graphite cells could be repeatedly charged at -20 °C. These results are at research level and do not replace commercial battery design.
In natural gas processing it acts like a solvent but does not react chemically. Carbon dioxide dissolves at high pressure and is released as a gas when the pressure is lowered. For this reason no heating is needed to regenerate the solvent; the change is achieved by lowering the pressure.
In the reaction with amines, the nucleophile attacks the carbonyl carbon, the ring opens and a hydroxyalkyl carbamate forms. Because of the methyl group, the product is methyl-substituted compared with the product derived from ethylene carbonate. Unhindered primary amines react at room temperature or with mild heating; secondary and hindered amines may need heating and a catalyst.
Water and hydroxide ions can also attack the same carbonyl carbon. The result is propylene glycol and carbon dioxide. This hydrolysis is one of the factors that lower the quality of a product stored in a humid environment.
In paint and coating removal, the solvent penetrates the coating film and swells the polymer chains. A patent reports that an alkylene carbonate-based stripper reduced adhesion between the topcoat and the primer and allowed the topcoat to be removed selectively. The mechanism varies with the type and thickness of the coating.
IN WHICH SECTORS IS PROPYLENE CARBONATE USED?
Paints, coatings and strippers
In paint and coating strippers it appears as a slowly evaporating solvent that is an alternative to older solvents. It is tried in place of methylene chloride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or to reduce them. In coatings it is considered as a slowly evaporating tail solvent and viscosity reducer.
Cleaning and degreasing
It is used in industrial cleaners, in formulations that remove oil and grease, and in ink and resin cleanup. Cleaning uncured residues in polyurethane, polyester and epoxy production is a typical example. A patent describes a hard surface cleaner containing propylene carbonate, glycol ether and water.
Adhesives, epoxy and polyurethane
It is used as a reactive diluent in adhesives and epoxy systems. By reacting with amines it can become part of the hardener system. In polyurethane and polyurea systems it is mentioned as a viscosity regulator.
Energy and batteries
It is used as an electrolyte solvent in lithium batteries. In lithium metal anode batteries it has been used together with a co-solvent such as dimethoxyethane. In lithium-ion batteries, because of graphite compatibility, ethylene carbonate and linear carbonates are mostly preferred; propylene carbonate appears in special designs.
Natural gas and gas processing
In the Fluor solvent process it is used as a physical solvent for the bulk removal of carbon dioxide in particular and, in some streams, hydrogen sulfide. The process was developed in the 1950s. The low freezing point of the solvent is an advantage in plants in cold climates.
Cosmetics and personal care
It appears as a solvent and viscosity regulator in lipstick, eye shadow, mascara and skin cleansing products. In clay-based gel systems it is mentioned as a polar additive. The use level is mostly between 0.1% and 5%.
Chemical synthesis and laboratory
In organic synthesis it is used as a solvent, as an intermediate in the preparation of carbamates and other derivatives, and as a medium in Grignard reactions. It is also mentioned as a co-solvent in electrosynthesis and mass spectrometry. It has been used in the extraction of some metal complexes in analytical chemistry.
Polymers, plastics and other fields
It is mentioned as a plasticizer, pigment auxiliary and fiber processing solvent. Its catalyst function in foundry binders and its use as a dye carrier in textiles have also been reported. These fields are smaller markets and the level of detail differs between sources.
IS PROPYLENE CARBONATE USED IN COSMETIC, FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS?
Cosmetics
Yes. Propylene carbonate is used in cosmetics under the INCI name Propylene Carbonate. The EU cosmetic ingredient database records its functions as solvent and viscosity controlling.
It appears in lipstick, eye shadow, mascara and skin cleansing products. The typical use level is from below 0.1% up to 5%. In a cosmetic safety assessment, products containing up to twenty percent of the substance were also examined.
In its 1987 final report, the cosmetic ingredient review panel concluded that the substance is safe for the manner of use and concentrations. The undiluted substance may be moderately irritating to skin and eyes. At concentrations of 5% and 10% in aqueous solutions, no irritation or sensitization was observed.
According to reported data, the substance is not separately listed in the lists of prohibited or restricted substances of the EU cosmetics regulation. This does not mean it can be used without limit in every product; the safety assessment of the final product and the legislation of the target country should be checked separately.
Food
Propylene carbonate is not a food additive. It is not added directly to food and does not appear in food additive lists.
In the United States, a limited permission as an adhesive component is reported under indirect food additives. This is use in materials that may come into contact with food, such as packaging adhesives. It does not mean that it enters the food as an additive.
For every adhesive or coating to be used in materials in contact with food, the food contact legislation of the target country should be examined separately. The same product may be subject to different conditions in different regions.
Pharmaceuticals
Two separate roles are seen in the pharmaceutical sector. The first is that in some databases it is recorded as an excipient, particularly with a gelling function. The second is that it is mentioned as a solvent or intermediate in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Use as an excipient depends on the product, the route of administration and the country. One database reports that it is listed as an inactive ingredient in topical drugs; the highest usable level is determined product by product.
For propylene carbonate to be used in synthesis, a specification suitable for pharmaceutical grade, residual solvent limits and traceability are required. Laboratory or technical grade does not replace pharmaceutical grade.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE
The industrial value of propylene carbonate comes from the combination of its high polarity, low evaporation rate and low toxicity. In the applications below, the substance is mostly used not alone but together with other solvents and additives. The regulation and performance conditions of each application are separate.
Paint and coating strippers
The purpose is to loosen old paints and coatings without damaging the substrate. Propylene carbonate penetrates the film, swells the polymer and reduces adhesion. A patent describes a stripper containing 92–99 percent alkylene carbonate and 1–8 percent benzyl alcohol by weight.
The reason for preferring it is that it is an alternative to higher-risk solvents such as methylene chloride and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The patent states that a composition of this kind can separate the topcoat from the primer selectively and works at neutral pH.
The limitation is that the effect depends on the type and thickness of the coating. In multilayer epoxy and polyurethane systems the dwell time may be longer. The low evaporation rate also lengthens drying time; for this reason a rinsing or wiping step should be planned.
Industrial cleaning and resin cleanup
The purpose is to dissolve oil, grease, ink and polymer residues. Propylene carbonate is used to clean uncured resin residues in polyurethane foam, polyester and epoxy production. Low odor and good wetting make it easier to penetrate cracks and recesses.
An article by a distributor reports 97–100 percent grease removal in one hour in some formulations; these data are based on the manufacturer's own tests. A patent uses propylene carbonate in a cleaner composition in the range of 2–25 percent, together with glycol ether and water.
The limitation is the possibility of hydrolysis in aqueous mixtures. In acidic or alkaline cleaners the shelf life of the product may be shortened. Because elastomers and some plastics are affected by the solvent, material compatibility should be tested beforehand.
Epoxy systems and carbamate chemistry
The purpose is to lower viscosity and improve workability in epoxy resins. According to manufacturer information, propylene carbonate can react with amines and can speed up curing when used with reactive amines. It is reported to improve mechanical properties below about 10–15 phr and to give flexibility at higher levels.
Cyclic carbonates give hydroxyalkyl carbamates with amines. This reaction has been used in coatings as a reactive diluent, and because it becomes part of the network during film formation, it has been reported to reduce the amount of solvent that evaporates.
The limitation is that the reaction rate depends on the amine structure. Hindered amines may need heating. Excess additive can lower crosslink density and glass transition temperature; for this reason the level is determined by trials.
Polyurethane and coating systems
The purpose is to adjust the viscosity and film formation of the system. It is considered a viscosity regulator in polyurethane and polyurea systems and a slowly evaporating co-solvent in coatings. In systems containing residual water and amine, the risk of reaction with isocyanate should be taken into account.
The moisture uptake of the substance can cause unwanted foaming and carbon dioxide formation in isocyanate-based systems. For this reason a low-water grade is chosen in such applications and the package is kept closed.
Lithium battery electrolytes
The purpose is to dissolve lithium salts and provide ionic conductivity. The high dielectric constant and wide liquid range suit this function. In battery applications propylene carbonate is mostly mixed with co-solvents such as ethylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane or dimethyl carbonate.
In battery applications the grade is decisive. Water, propylene glycol and trace metals are kept at very low levels; in one industry standard, purity of at least 99.99% and water of at most 0.003% are given for battery grade.
The limitation is compatibility with graphite anodes. In classical formulations propylene carbonate can break up graphite, so ethylene carbonate has been preferred in most lithium-ion designs. Product selection should be made according to the battery manufacturer's own specification.
Natural gas processing
The purpose is to separate carbon dioxide from natural gas or synthesis gas. In the Fluor solvent process the gas is contacted with the solvent at high pressure; carbon dioxide dissolves physically and separates when the pressure is lowered. Because no thermal regeneration is required, operating cost is low.
The solvent is anhydrous; for this reason the treated gas and the separated carbon dioxide are suitable for pipeline quality. An offshore case study reports that the plant can be built from carbon steel and is simpler to operate than amine systems.
The limitation is that hydrocarbons also dissolve partly. This leads to a loss of yield in some gas compositions. The economics of the process are evaluated according to the gas composition, pressure and separation target.
Cosmetics and clay gel systems
The purpose is to dissolve the components in makeup and skin cleansing products and to adjust consistency. It is mentioned as a solvent in lipstick, eye shadow and mascara, and as a polar activator in clay-based gels. The use level is generally below 5%.
The reasons for preference are low odor and good dissolving power. Because the undiluted substance can be irritating to eyes and skin, the use level in the final product is determined according to the safety assessment.
Synthesis, electrosynthesis and laboratory solvent
The purpose is to use a less harmful polar aprotic solvent. In the GSK solvent selection guide, propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are counted among the more suitable solvents compared with acetonitrile, dimethylformamide and dichloromethane. It has been tried in organic reactions and enzymatic processes.
In electrosynthesis, mixtures of propylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate have given yields comparable to conventional solvents. In one study conductivity reached its highest value at about 60% propylene carbonate by weight.
The limitation is its high boiling point. Separating the product from the solvent by distillation is difficult; extraction, vacuum distillation or adsorption is needed and this can cause difficulty in scale-up.
THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN USING PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Although propylene carbonate is a low-hazard solvent, it requires careful use because it absorbs moisture, undergoes hydrolysis and causes eye irritation. Quality, compatibility and regulatory matters should be evaluated together.
Main points to consider:
• Quality and water content: A grade suited to the purpose of use should be chosen, and water and impurity values should be verified with the certificate of analysis. Industrial, reagent and battery grades are not interchangeable
• Hygroscopicity: It absorbs moisture in an open container. The container should be closed after each use and, in sensitive applications, work should be done under dry nitrogen. For drying, 4A molecular sieve is preferred; 13X sieve is not recommended because it can cause heating
• Hydrolysis: In the presence of water, acids and bases, propylene glycol and carbon dioxide form. Product contaminated with moisture should not be left in a closed container for a long time, and containers should be checked for the possibility of pressure buildup
• Incompatible substances: Contact with strong acids, bases, oxidizers, reducing agents and peroxides should be avoided. It can react with amines and other nucleophiles
• Material compatibility: Stainless steel, glass and carbon steel can generally be used. Some plastics and elastomers may swell or degrade; gasket and hose materials should be tested beforehand
• Heat and fire: The flash point is high but the substance can burn. It should be kept away from heating, sparks and open flame, and vapor formation should be monitored in heated mixtures
• Eyes and skin: The substance can cause serious eye irritation. Protective goggles and suitable gloves should be used during work
• Ventilation: Despite its low vapor pressure, vapor or mist can form in hot processes and spraying. The area should be well ventilated
• Environment: It is soluble in water and mobile in soil. Large quantities should not be released into waterways and drains, and waste should be disposed of according to local legislation
• Regulation: The volatile organic compound exemption, the cosmetic use level and food contact conditions vary by region. Current legislation should be checked for the target product and country
This section has been prepared for general information purposes. The current safety data sheet and technical data sheet of the product to be used should be taken as the basis.
STARTING FORMULATION APPROACHES FOR PROPYLENE CARBONATE
The examples below are starting approaches prepared to show how propylene carbonate can be evaluated as a solvent and polar additive. They are not verified commercial recipes, production instructions or final formulas compliant with regulations.
The proportions given are example starting levels for preliminary laboratory trials, and the total of each formula is 100%. Actual proportions should be determined according to the quality of the raw material, the type of coating or soil and the target performance.
In every application, material compatibility, regulatory compliance and safety assessment should be carried out by experts.
EXAMPLE 1: EVALUATION OF THE SOLVENT EFFECT WITH PROPYLENE CARBONATE IN A SELECTIVE PAINT STRIPPER
Purpose: To examine the effect of propylene carbonate on penetrating the topcoat film, swelling it and separating it from the primer in a stripping solution that does not contain methylene chloride.
Starting approach:
Propylene carbonate: about 92.0%
Benzyl alcohol: about 5.0%
Hydroxypropyl cellulose: about 2.0%
Nonionic surfactant: about 1.0%
Application approach:
• Benzyl alcohol and surfactant are dissolved in propylene carbonate by mixing; hydroxypropyl cellulose is added without clumping and mixed until a consistency forms.
• The solution is applied to the paint system on the test panel by brush in a thin, even layer; dwell time, softening and blistering are observed.
• The removal rate of the topcoat, damage to the primer, running on vertical surfaces and residue are compared. Results are evaluated separately according to the type of coating.
• Old coatings may contain harmful components such as lead; stripping waste is collected separately and disposed of according to local legislation. Work is done in a well-ventilated area, with goggles and gloves.
EXAMPLE 2: EVALUATION OF THE SOLVENT ROLE OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE IN A WATER-BASED INDUSTRIAL DEGREASING CLEANER
Purpose: To examine the effect of propylene carbonate together with glycol ether on dissolving power, foaming and surface compatibility in a water-based oil and grease cleaner.
Starting approach:
Propylene carbonate: about 10.0%
Propylene glycol methyl ether: about 10.0%
Alcohol ethoxylate (nonionic surfactant): about 4.0%
Citric acid: about 1.0%
Demineralized water: about 75.0%
Application approach:
• Citric acid and surfactant are dissolved in water; glycol ether and propylene carbonate are then added and mixed until homogeneous.
• The pH is measured; keeping it near neutral limits the rate of hydrolysis. If the mixture will not be stored for a long time, it is prepared before use.
• Degreasing performance is followed by mass loss over a set time on standard soiled metal surfaces. Foaming, rinsing and the effect on painted surfaces are also examined separately.
• Material compatibility is tested on aluminum, paint and plastic surfaces. The mixture is prepared in a well-ventilated area, with goggles and gloves.
EXAMPLE 3: EVALUATION OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE AS A POLAR ACTIVATOR IN A CLAY-BASED OIL GEL
Purpose: To examine the effect of propylene carbonate as a polar activator in gel formation by an organically modified hectorite clay in a volatile oil phase.
Starting approach:
Disteardimonium hectorite: about 10.0%
Propylene carbonate: about 3.5%
Isododecane: about 86.5%
Application approach:
• The clay is dispersed in isododecane with a high-shear mixer; propylene carbonate is added while mixing continues and gelation is observed.
• Viscosity, flow behavior, separation and gloss are measured. The most suitable level is found by varying the propylene carbonate ratio relative to the clay.
• The gel is stored at 4, 25 and 40 °C to follow consistency stability. The resulting pregel is added to makeup formulations separately.
• Isododecane is flammable; work is done away from heat sources. The propylene carbonate level in the final product is determined according to the cosmetic safety assessment.
PRODUCTS SIMILAR TO PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND ALTERNATIVES
An alternative to propylene carbonate does not simply mean choosing another solvent. The application, polarity, boiling point, chemical stability, safety and regulatory status must be evaluated together. The substances below can take on a similar function, but they are not interchangeable in every application.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND ETHYLENE CARBONATE
Ethylene carbonate is the close relative of propylene carbonate that carries no methyl group. Its dipole moment is only about 0.1 debye lower than that of propylene carbonate. It is a solid at room temperature; its melting point is about 34–37 °C.
Ethylene carbonate has been preferred in lithium-ion batteries because it forms a stable protective layer on the graphite surface. Its solid state, however, makes it harder to use; in electrolytes it is generally mixed with liquid carbonates. Propylene carbonate is advantageous in applications that need a solvent that stays liquid in cold conditions.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND DIMETHYL CARBONATE
Dimethyl carbonate is a linear carbonate with low viscosity and low polarity. When mixed with propylene carbonate it balances viscosity and conductivity; for this reason they are often used together in electrolyte and electrosynthesis studies.
Both are rated more favorably than dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and dichloromethane in solvent selection guides. Dimethyl carbonate is far more volatile and flammable. The high boiling point of propylene carbonate increases safety, but makes it harder to separate the product from the solvent.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is a strong polar aprotic solvent; its boiling point is given as about 204 °C and its flash point as about 91 °C. It is common in paint strippers and cleaning, but it is under regulatory pressure because of health concerns.
Propylene carbonate is tried as an alternative in these applications, alone or together with other solvents. Its dissolving power is not the same in every coating and resin; effectiveness, dwell time and cost should be compared separately.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Dimethylformamide is a more volatile solvent with a boiling point of about 153 °C and is of greater concern for health. It is common in polymer dissolution and synthesis. Propylene carbonate is considered a less hazardous option in some processes.
The limitation is its tendency to hydrolyze and the difficulty of removing the product. In some reactions with strong bases, propylene carbonate is not suitable as a solvent because the carbonate ring opens.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND BIO-BASED POLAR APROTIC SOLVENTS
γ-Valerolactone, Cyrene and dimethyl isosorbide are suggested as alternatives to cyclic carbonates. One supplier document presents them as alternatives to N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and dimethylformamide. The boiling point of γ-valerolactone is about 207 °C and that of Cyrene about 227 °C; their flash points are given in the range of 96–108 °C.
These solvents can be produced from renewable raw materials. Cost, availability, chemical stability and performance vary by application; they do not automatically replace propylene carbonate.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND GLYCOL ETHERS
Glycol ethers such as propylene glycol methyl ether and dipropylene glycol methyl ether are common in cleaner and coating formulations. They mix well with water and can be used together with propylene carbonate. Because they are more volatile, drying time is shorter.
Benzyl alcohol also appears together with propylene carbonate in stripper formulations. These substances are as much complements as alternatives to one another; a solvent mixture often gives better results than a single substance.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE AND AMINE-BASED GAS PROCESSING SYSTEMS
In removing carbon dioxide from natural gas, amine solutions such as activated methyldiethanolamine are an alternative to propylene carbonate. Amine systems rely on a chemical reaction and require thermal regeneration. Corrosion often calls for more expensive materials.
Propylene carbonate, as a physical solvent, regenerates by pressure reduction and can be operated with carbon steel. At low carbon dioxide partial pressures or with a very high purity target, amine systems may be more suitable; the choice depends on the gas composition.
QUALITY CONTROL AND PURCHASING CRITERIA FOR PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Main parameters that can be evaluated in quality control and the purchasing process:
• Grade and identity: Industrial, reagent, high purity or battery grade should be clearly stated; the CAS number 108-32-7 and the product name should be written together
• Purity: Determined by gas chromatography. In industrial grade it is mostly at least 99.5%; in high purity 99.7% and above; for battery grade, at least 99.99% is given in one industry standard
• Water content: Measured by the Karl Fischer method, coulometrically or volumetrically. At most 0.03–0.1% is expected in industrial grade; about 0.002–0.003% in battery grade. In sensitive applications, moisture contamination during sampling and transport is important
• Color: Measured in APHA or Pt-Co units. Low values such as 10, 15 or 16 are seen in specifications, and values up to 100 in lower grades
• Density: About 1.20 g/cm³ at 20 °C; the temperature and tolerance should be stated in the specification
• Impurity profile: Residual propylene oxide, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and hydroxyacetone are monitored. One specification gives a limit of 200 ppm for propylene oxide and 600 ppm for propylene glycol
• Trace metals: Limits for sodium, potassium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium and calcium may be requested in battery and electronics grades. There is no general limit for industrial grade
• Appearance: A colorless, clear liquid free of visible foreign matter is expected. Turbidity may indicate moisture uptake or contamination
• Refractive index and acidity: The refractive index can be used to confirm identity, and acidity or pH to monitor hydrolysis products
• Typical value and specification: The manufacturer's typical values should be separated from binding specification limits. Limit values should be given in the certificate of analysis together with the method
• Documents: A certificate of analysis, safety data sheet and technical data sheet should be requested. For battery, cosmetic or pharmaceutical use, the relevant quality declaration should be sought separately
• Packaging and batch: Batch number, production date and shelf life should be traceable on the packaging. Because it is a moisture-absorbing product, packaging integrity is important for quality
• Test standards: The Chinese industry standard HG/T 5786-2021 defines industrial, battery and high purity classes and test methods such as color, water and gas chromatography. The buyer should ask which standard applies in their own market
STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Propylene carbonate should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, in its closed original packaging. Because it absorbs moisture, the container should be closed tightly after each use. A dry nitrogen atmosphere is recommended in sensitive applications.
The temperature limit varies by document. One safety data sheet gives a range of 5–65 °C, another recommends not exceeding 25 °C, and for reagent grades storage below 30 °C, or cool and under inert gas, is stated. The manufacturer's own instruction should be taken as the basis.
Shelf life is about 18–24 months according to the documents. The period depends on the packaging and storage conditions; in products that have been kept for a long time or opened, the water content and acidity should be retested.
Suitable packaging is stainless steel, glass or polymer containers approved by the manufacturer. Because some plastics and elastomers may swell, the compatibility of gasket, hose and container material should be checked beforehand. Suppliers may offer options such as drums, IBCs, barrels, ISO tanks and bulk shipment.
Incompatible substances are strong acids, bases, oxidizers, reducing agents and peroxides. It should be kept away from water and moisture and protected from heat sources and direct sunlight. The warehouse should be separate from heating and ignition sources.
In transport, it is reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good under ADR, IMDG, IATA and DOT; no UN number has been assigned. This may vary with product form, mixture and applicable legislation; the current safety data sheet should be checked for every shipment.
During transport, the packaging must be leakproof, protected from moisture and carry complete labels. In bulk transport it should be verified that tanks and lines are dry and clean, because contaminating water lowers the quality of the product.
SAFETY INFORMATION ON PROPYLENE CARBONATE
Propylene carbonate is regarded as a low-hazard solvent. It still causes eye irritation, and different classifications may be seen depending on the product. The current product-specific safety data sheet should be taken as the basis.
Main safety topics:
• Classification: The harmonised EU classification includes serious eye irritation category 2; the signal word is "Warning" and the hazard statement is H319. No other hazard class appears in the harmonised list. An independent chemical hazard assessment ranks eye irritation as high, skin irritation and single-dose neurotoxicity as moderate, and the other human health endpoints as low
• Acute toxicity: Oral LD50 values in rats are about 20,700–33,520 mg/kg according to the documents; some documents report above 5,000 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 in rabbits is above 2,000 mg/kg. Acute toxicity is low
• Eyes: The undiluted substance causes mild to moderate irritation in rabbit eyes. On contact, the eyes should be rinsed with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, contact lenses removed if present, and a doctor consulted if necessary
• Skin: In human studies the undiluted substance caused moderate irritation. No irritation or sensitization was observed in 5% and 10% aqueous solutions. Some safety data sheets do not report skin irritation; absorption through the skin is low
• Respiratory: Vapor pressure is low. Respiratory irritation may be seen in hot processes or spraying. In animal studies, at high aerosol exposure for 21 days, runny nose and diarrhea were seen in some species, and swelling of the eye in the 90-day study; the no-effect dose was reported as 100 mg/m³
• Repeated dose and reproduction: No systemic effect was seen in rats given up to 5,000 mg/kg per day orally for 90 days. Developmental toxicity was not detected at this dose
• Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: The Ames test and other genotoxicity tests are mostly negative. It does not appear on the carcinogen lists of the international agency for research on cancer, the national toxicology program or similar bodies
• Occupational exposure: There is no official occupational exposure limit. A registration dossier gives derived no-effect levels for workers of 70.53 mg/m³ for systemic inhalation, 20 mg/m³ for local inhalation and 20 mg/kg body weight/day for the skin
• Fire: The flash point is high; it is stored in the combustible liquids class. Water, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder is used in a fire. Combustion products are carbon oxides
• Personal protective equipment: Protective goggles compliant with EN 166, chemical gloves compliant with EN 374 and protective clothing are used. One safety data sheet gives a breakthrough time of over 30 minutes for 0.4 mm nitrile gloves and over 480 minutes for 0.7 mm PVC, butyl or fluorinated elastomer gloves. Respiratory protection is needed only if ventilation is inadequate
• Spills: Environmental spread is prevented, the liquid is collected with inert absorbent material and placed in a waste container. The floor may be slippery; the area is well ventilated
• Environment: It is reported to be readily biodegradable; about 79–88% degradation was seen in 28–29 days. Acute toxicity to fish, daphnia and algae is low; values are above 500 and 1,000 mg/L. Bioaccumulation is not expected. It is very mobile in soil
• Waste management: Waste product and contaminated material are disposed of according to local legislation. Large quantities should not be released into waterways and sewers
• In an emergency: If swallowed, rinse the mouth, give water and consult a doctor if symptoms appear. If inhaled, move to fresh air. After skin contact, wash with plenty of water
This section is for general information; it does not replace the product-specific SDS.
WHAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED WHEN BUYING PROPYLENE CARBONATE?
To choose the right product, identity must first be determined clearly. Propylene carbonate is sold under many names and can be confused with similarly named substances such as ethylene carbonate or polypropylene carbonate. The product name, CAS number and grade should be written together.
Main points to evaluate when buying:
• Correct identity: Product name, CAS number 108-32-7, EC number 203-572-1 and grade should be confirmed together. For products requested by brand name, whether an equivalent grade is acceptable should be asked separately
• Grade: Industrial, reagent, battery, cosmetic and pharmaceutical grades are not interchangeable. The grade and documents suited to the target application should be requested
• Technical specifications: Purity, water, color, density and the limits for propylene oxide and propylene glycol should be written together with acceptance limits. For battery and electronics use, trace metal limits are also added
• Suitability for purpose: Stripper, cleaner, epoxy, electrolyte and cosmetic applications require different grades and water levels. The suitable grade should be verified with small trials
• Packaging and logistics: Options such as drums, IBCs, barrels, ISO tanks or bulk shipment should be asked about, and protection from moisture and cap integrity during shipment should be clarified
• Batch consistency: Water, color and impurity values should be consistent between batches. It should be verified that the first sample and later shipments are of the same specification
• Product documents: A certificate of analysis, SDS and TDS should be requested. It should be checked that the documents match the product code and the batch number
• Technical support: It is valuable if the supplier can provide information on application, material compatibility and storage
• Regulation: REACH and KKDİK registration, cosmetic and food contact conditions and volatile organic compound requirements should be checked according to the target product and country
• Total cost of supply: Price is not just the unit price. Purity, water level, packaging, freight, storage, loss and quality rejection rate determine the total cost. Comparisons should be made on the same grade
With low-priced products, water content, color and impurity profile should be questioned in particular. These parameters directly affect performance in use.
SUPPLY OF PROPYLENE CARBONATE FROM ATAMAN KİMYA
Propylene carbonate is a multipurpose product evaluated as a solvent in paint stripper, cleaner, adhesive, epoxy system, electrolyte and cosmetic formulations.
On the ATAMAN KİMYA website, this substance appears on more than one product page under the name Propylene Carbonate. A separate page under the name 1,2-Propanediol Cyclic Carbonate also appears.
The existing product pages are general product introductions. The pages do not include product-specific details such as grade, purity, water content, packaging, stock, origin or documents.
Statements that differ from one another may be found among the pages on subjects such as odor, solubility in water and use in lithium-ion batteries. For this reason, product-specific information should not be accepted on the basis of these pages alone.
For companies looking for propylene carbonate for battery, cosmetic, pharmaceutical or sensitive electronics applications, it is important to confirm clearly with ATAMAN KİMYA, before ordering, which grade the product is in and with which documents it is supplied.
Companies that want information about the supply of propylene carbonate from ATAMAN KİMYA can share their areas of use and technical needs and request information on product suitability, current supply status, packaging options and a price quotation.
The current stock status, origin, grade, purity, water content, regulatory compliance, analysis values, packaging and conditions related to the intended use of the product should be confirmed with ATAMAN KİMYA before ordering.
Sharing the following information in a quotation request makes it easier to evaluate the right product:
• Sector of use and final application, for example paint stripper, industrial cleaner, epoxy, electrolyte or cosmetic
• Requested grade, for example industrial, reagent, high purity, battery or cosmetic
• Target product category and the country of use
• Requested purity and water content limits
• Requested limits for color and for impurities such as propylene oxide, propylene glycol and trace metals
• Requested CAS number and, if any, the brand or product code
• Estimated order quantity
• Requested packaging type and size
• Requested technical documents: SDS, TDS, certificate of analysis and regulatory documents
• If any, the TDS or analysis information of the current product
The contact page on the ATAMAN KİMYA website can be used for contact details.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT PROPYLENE CARBONATE
What is propylene carbonate?
It is a colorless, clear, low-viscosity polar aprotic solvent that is the cyclic carbonate ester of propylene glycol. It is used in areas such as paint stripping, cleaning, adhesives, epoxy, battery electrolytes and natural gas processing.
What does propylene carbonate mean?
The name refers to the carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol. Its systematic name is 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; its structure contains a five-membered ring with a carbonate group and a methyl group.
What is the CAS number of propylene carbonate?
It is 108-32-7. Other numbers are also seen in some databases; however, the valid number for the commercial product is accepted as 108-32-7. The grade should also be stated in the order.
What is the EC / EINECS number of propylene carbonate?
It is 203-572-1. In the harmonised EU classification it is recorded under index number 607-194-00-1.
What is the chemical formula of propylene carbonate?
It is C₄H₆O₃. The molecular weight is about 102.09 g/mol. Its structural notation is given as CC1COC(=O)O1.
What is the INCI name of propylene carbonate?
It is Propylene Carbonate. The EU cosmetic database records its functions as solvent and viscosity controlling. The existence of an INCI name does not mean it can be used without limit in every product.
Is propylene carbonate used in cosmetics?
Yes. It appears as a solvent in lipstick, eye shadow, mascara and skin cleansing products. The use level is mostly between 0.1% and 5%, and it is a substance for which a safety assessment has been made.
What is the difference between propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate?
Ethylene carbonate carries no methyl group and is a solid at room temperature; its melting point is about 34–37 °C. Propylene carbonate is a liquid and can also be used in the cold. Ethylene carbonate is preferred in lithium-ion batteries with graphite anodes.
What is propylene carbonate used for?
It is used as a solvent, viscosity reducer, reactive diluent, electrolyte solvent and chemical intermediate. Paint and coating stripping, industrial cleaning, adhesive and epoxy systems are the main examples.
In which sectors is propylene carbonate used?
It is used in paints and coatings, cleaning, adhesives and epoxy, energy and batteries, natural gas processing, cosmetics, chemical synthesis and laboratory, and polymers and plastics. Grade and regulation differ in each sector.
How does propylene carbonate work as a solvent?
Its polar carbonyl oxygen binds to cations, and the high dielectric constant makes it easier for ions to dissociate. Because it carries no protic hydrogen, nucleophiles remain more active. The methyl and methylene groups provide weak interaction with organic molecules.
What is propylene carbonate good for?
It dissolves resins, polymers and salts, lowers viscosity, loosens old coatings and removes grease and oil soils. In electrolytes it dissolves lithium salts, and in natural gas it captures carbon dioxide.
How does propylene carbonate work in paint stripping?
It penetrates the coating film, swells the polymer and reduces adhesion. A patent reports that an alkylene carbonate-based composition can separate the topcoat from the primer selectively. The effect depends on the type of coating.
Is propylene carbonate soluble in water?
Partly. Solubility values of about 175–240 g/L at 20–25 °C are common; miscibility increases as temperature rises. It mixes with acetone, ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform.
How much propylene carbonate is used in paint stripper formulations?
A patent describes a composition containing 92–99 percent alkylene carbonate and 1–8 percent benzyl alcohol by weight. In cleaners, levels of 2–25 percent are seen. The actual ratio should be determined by trials.
Is propylene carbonate a hazardous substance?
It is of low hazard; only serious eye irritation category 2 appears in the harmonised classification. Acute toxicity is low and it is not considered a dangerous good in transport. Even so, eye protection should be used and the product-specific SDS should be taken as the basis.
Why can propylene carbonate cause eye irritation?
When the undiluted liquid contacts the tissue on the eye surface, it shows an irritating effect; mild to moderate irritation was seen in rabbit studies. On contact, the eyes should be rinsed with water for at least 15 minutes.
Is propylene carbonate registered under REACH?
It is reported to be registered; 01-2119537232-48 is given as the registration number and the annual tonnage band is mentioned as 10,000–100,000 tonnes. The current registration status and scope of use should be confirmed with the supplier.
What is the physical appearance of propylene carbonate?
It is a colorless, clear, mobile liquid. Its odor is very faint and ether-like; some documents describe it as odorless. Its density is about 1.2 g/cm³.
What is the UN number of propylene carbonate?
It is reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good in transport, and no UN number has been assigned. Because this may vary with product form and legislation, the current SDS should be checked for every shipment.
Why are water and propylene oxide important in propylene carbonate?
Water leads to hydrolysis and, in sensitive systems such as batteries, to degradation; moisture uptake lowers the quality of the product. Residual propylene oxide and propylene glycol are impurities that determine purity and are limited in the specification.
What does the price of propylene carbonate depend on?
It varies with grade, purity, water content, packaging, order quantity, transport conditions, raw material and energy costs. Battery and high purity grades can be noticeably more expensive than the industrial grade.
Is there an alternative to propylene carbonate?
Yes. Ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, γ-valerolactone, Cyrene, dimethyl isosorbide and glycol ethers can be evaluated depending on the application. None of them replaces the others in every application.
How should propylene carbonate be stored?
It should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, in its closed original packaging and away from moisture. It should be kept separate from strong acids, bases, oxidizers and reducing agents, and protected under nitrogen in sensitive applications.
Which documents should be requested when buying propylene carbonate?
The SDS, TDS and a batch-specific certificate of analysis are the basic documents. Depending on the application, a quality declaration, regulatory compliance and impurity information should also be requested.
Which technical specifications are important when buying propylene carbonate?
Purity, water content, color, density, limits for propylene oxide and propylene glycol, trace metals where required, and grade are important. Packaging and batch consistency should also be asked about.
PROPYLENE CARBONATE – TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Chemical name: 4-Methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one; propylene carbonate
Common name: Propilen Karbonat, Propylene Glycol Carbonate, Cyclic Propylene Carbonate, Propylene Carbonate, PC
CAS No: 108-32-7
EC / EINECS No: 203-572-1
Molecular formula: C₄H₆O₃
Molecular weight: 102.09 g/mol
Chemical class: Cyclic carbonate ester; polar aprotic solvent
Physical appearance: Colorless, clear, mobile liquid; very faint ether-like odor
Key properties: Density about 1.20 g/cm³, viscosity about 2.5–2.8 mPa·s, melting point about -49 °C, boiling point about 240–243 °C, flash point about 116–135 °C, dielectric constant about 64, limited solubility in water, hygroscopic
Main functions: Solvent, viscosity reducer, reactive diluent, electrolyte solvent, chemical intermediate
Important application areas: Paint and coating stripping, industrial cleaning, adhesive and epoxy systems, lithium battery electrolytes, natural gas processing, cosmetics, chemical synthesis
Parameters critical for quality control: Purity, water content, color, density, propylene oxide and propylene glycol, trace metals, appearance, grade
Storage: In a cool, dry and ventilated area, in closed original packaging, away from moisture and incompatible substances
Regulation: Serious eye irritation category 2 (H319) in the harmonised EU classification; reported not to be regulated as a dangerous good in transport; cosmetic, food contact, volatile organic compound and pharmaceutical use vary by region and application; REACH and KKDİK status and permitted uses should be confirmed with the supplier and current legislation.
