S-TRIOXANE

s-Trioxane is mainly used as an organic intermediate.
s-Trioxane is primarily used as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds and as a solvent in certain chemical reactions.
s-Trioxane is widely used as a source of anhydrous formaldehyde.

CAS Number:110-88-3
EC Number: 203-812-5
Chemical formula: C3H6O3
Molar mass: 90.078 g·mol−1

SYNONYMS:
1,3,5-Trioxane, s-Trioxane, 1,3,5-Trioxacyclohexane, Trioxymethylene, Metaformaldehyde, Trioxane,TRIOXYMETHYLENE,S-TRIOXANE,1,3,5-Trioxan,Trioxan,Paraformal,SYM-TRIOXANE, Trioxymethylen, METAFORMALDEHYDE, 1,3,5-TRIOXACYCLOHEXANE, trioxane marvosan formagene triossimetilene s-trixane trioxymethylen trimer formaldehyde formaldehyde, trimer metaformaldehyde triformol, s-Trioxane, Formaldehyde, trimer, Triformol, Trioxan, Trioxane, Trioxymethylene, Metaformaldehyde, sym-Trioxane, Trioxin, 1,3,5-Trioxan, s-Trioxan, s-Trixane, Aldeform, Formagene, Marvosan, Paraformaldehyde, Triossimetilene, Trioxymethyleen, Trioxymethylen, 1,3,5-Trioxacyclohexane, NSC 26347, s-Trioxane, Trioxymethylene, 1,3,5-Trioxacyclohexane, Trioxane,TRIOXYMETHYLENE,S-TRIOXANE,1,3,5-trioxane,Trioxane,Paraformal,SYM-TRIOXANE,Trioxymethylene,METAFORMALDEHYDE,1,3,5-TRIOXACYCLOHEXANE, Metaformaldehyde, Trioxymethylene, sym.-Trioxane, 1,3,5-TRIOXACYCLOHEXANE, 1,3,5-TRIOXANE, TRIFORMOL, 1,3,5-trioxane (sym.), Formaldehyde trimer~s-Trioxan, S-TRIOXAN, SYM-TRIOXANE, 1,3,5-TRIOXANE, 99+%, meta formaldehyde, para formaldehyde, 1,3,5- trioxacyclohexane, s- trioxane, trioxymethylene, S-Trioxane, 1,3,5-Trioxane, sym-Trioxane, 1,3,5-Trioxacyclohexane, Formaldehyde trimer, Trioxymethylene, Metaformaldehyde, Triformol, Trioxan, Trioxine, Aldeform, Formagene

s-Trioxane is a transparent crystals or white crystalline solid with a pleasant odor resembling the odor of chloroform.
s-Trioxane melts at 62°C; boils at 115°C without polymerization.
s-Trioxane is the cyclic trimer of formaldehyde.

s-Trioxane is water-soluble.
The term “s-Trioxane” applies specifically to this trimer (CH2O)3 but paraformaldehyde is applied both to trioxane and other low polymers or oligomers of formaldehyde.
s-Trioxane, also known as 1,3,5-Trioxane, is a cyclic acetal formed by the acid-catalyzed trimerization of formaldehyde.
s-Trioxane consists of a six-membered ring containing three alternating methylene (-CH₂-) groups and three oxygen atoms, making it one of the stable cyclic trimers of formaldehyde.

Unlike paraformaldehyde, which is a polymer, s-trioxane is a well-defined crystalline compound that can release formaldehyde under acidic or high-temperature conditions.
s-Trioxane is an important industrial intermediate, particularly in the production of polyoxymethylene (POM) engineering plastics, where it serves as a primary monomer.
1,3,5-Trioxane, sometimes also called s-Trioxane, is a chemical compound with molecular formula C3H6O3.

s-Trioxane is a white, highly water-soluble solid with a chloroform-like odor.
s-Trioxane is a stable cyclic trimer of formaldehyde, and one of the three trioxane isomers; its molecular backbone consists of a six-membered ring with three carbon atoms alternating with three oxygen atoms.

s-Trioxane is a cyclic organic compound characterized by its three-membered ring structure containing alternating carbon and oxygen atoms.
s-Trioxane is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature with a slightly sweet odor.
s-Trioxane is known for its stability under normal conditions but can decompose when exposed to heat or light, releasing formaldehyde.

s-Trioxane is soluble in water and various organic solvents, making it versatile in chemical applications.
s-Trioxane is a white crystalline powder
s-Trioxane is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, chloroform, carbon disulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic solvents

s-Trioxane is a synthetic organic compound known primarily for its role in chemical synthesis and research applications, particularly as a precursor in the production of other complex molecules.
s-Trioxane's mechanism of action involves participating in various chemical reactions where its symmetrical, ring-shaped structure, composed of three interconnected oxygen atoms, makes it uniquely reactive.

This reactivity is harnessed in the laboratory to facilitate the formation of more complex structures, serving as a building block in organic synthesis.
In research applications, s-Trioxane is often utilized in polymerization reactions due to its ability to form polymers with desirable properties, which are studied for their potential applications in materials science.

s-Trioxane′s stability under a range of conditions, combined with its reactivity, makes it an invaluable tool in the exploration of chemical reactions and the development of novel synthetic pathways, contributing significantly to advancements in the field of chemistry.
s-Trioxane is a stable cyclic trimer of formaldehyde with a chloroform-like odor.
Being a trioxane, s-Trioxane has the molecular formula C3H6O3 and consists of a six membered ring with three carbon atoms and three oxygen atoms.

USES and APPLICATIONS of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane can be used interchangeably with formaldehyde and with paraformaldehyde; however, the cyclic structure is more stable, and it can require high temperatures in order to react.
s-Trioxane is a precursor for the production of polyoxymethylene plastics, of which about one million tons per year are produced.
Other applications of s-Trioxane exploit its tendency to release formaldehyde.

As such, s-Trioxane is used as a binder in textiles, wood products, etc.
s-Trioxane is combined with hexamine and compressed into solid bars to make hexamine fuel tablets, used by the military and outdoorsmen as a cooking fuel.
In the laboratory, s-Trioxane is used as an anhydrous source of formaldehyde

s-Trioxane is used in organic chemical processes such as aldol condensation of amides and syntheses of chloromethyl esters or other plastics.
s-Trioxane is widely used as a source of anhydrous formaldehyde.
s-Trioxane can be used to synthesize:

s-Trioxane is also used as a stable anhydrous source of formaldehyde in laboratory synthesis and as a component of certain solid fuel formulations.
In chemistry, s-Trioxane is used as a stable, easily handled source of anhydrous formaldehyde.
In acidic solutions, s-Trioxane decomposes to generate three molecules of formaldehyde.

s-Trioxane may also be used in polymerization to form acetal resins, such as polyoxymethylene.
When combined with hexamine and compressed into solid bars, s-Trioxane  is used by the military and outdoorsmen as a cooking fuel similar to Esbit.
s-Trioxane is a mortician's restorative chemical that repairs cells and maintains the corpse's contours after postmortem tissue constriction.

s-Trioxane is also occasionally known by the synonym trioxin, sometimes mistaken for the fictional 2,4,5-trioxin.
s-Trioxane is mainly used as an organic intermediate.
s-Trioxane is primarily used as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds and as a solvent in certain chemical reactions.

Additionally, s-Trioxane has been studied for its potential use as a fuel due to its high energy content.
s-Trioxane is an important compound in organic chemistry with various industrial and research applications.
s-Trioxane is one of the most important intermediates in the production of polyoxymethylene (POM), an engineering plastic widely used in automotive components, precision gears, bearings, electrical connectors, consumer products, and mechanical parts requiring high strength and dimensional stability.

In laboratory chemistry, s-trioxane serves as a convenient anhydrous source of formaldehyde.
Unlike aqueous formaldehyde solutions, s-Trioxane introduces formaldehyde into reactions without adding water, making it valuable for moisture-sensitive syntheses.
s-Trioxane is also used in the manufacture of acetal resins, specialty polymers, adhesives, coatings, textile binders, and wood-treatment products that rely on formaldehyde chemistry.

Another application involves solid fuel formulations, where s-trioxane is combined with hexamine to produce compact fuel tablets used for military field cooking, camping stoves, and emergency heating systems.
Because of its ability to release formaldehyde gradually, s-Trioxane also serves as an intermediate in certain specialty chemical syntheses.

BENEFITS and FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS of S-TRIOXANE:
S-Trioxane offers several significant advantages in industrial and laboratory applications.
s-Trioxane's greatest benefit is providing a stable, easily handled solid source of formaldehyde, eliminating many of the handling difficulties associated with formaldehyde gas or aqueous formalin solutions.

s-Trioxane possesses excellent storage stability under neutral conditions, allowing long shelf life without significant decomposition.
s-Trioxane's crystalline nature simplifies purification, weighing, transportation, and dosing during manufacturing.

The ability to generate formaldehyde under controlled reaction conditions improves reproducibility in synthetic chemistry while reducing unnecessary exposure to volatile formaldehyde before use.
In polymer manufacturing, s-trioxane enables the efficient production of high-performance acetal plastics with excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance.

RELATED COMPOUNDS of S-TRIOXANE:
*Formaldehyde
*1,2,4-Trioxane
*1,3,5-Trithiane
*Polyoxymethylene

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane is a heterocyclic acetal with a highly symmetrical six-membered ring structure in which carbon and oxygen atoms alternate around the ring.
This symmetry contributes to s-Trioxane's crystalline nature and relatively sharp melting point.
Unlike polymeric formaldehyde, s-trioxane is a discrete molecular compound with a defined molecular weight, making it easier to purify, transport, and use in controlled chemical reactions.

s-Trioxane is highly soluble in water compared with many cyclic ethers, but under acidic conditions it gradually depolymerizes to release three molecules of formaldehyde.
This controlled release makes s-Trioxane useful as a stable formaldehyde donor in laboratory and industrial applications.
Its negative log Kow indicates relatively low lipophilicity, meaning s-Trioxane has a greater affinity for aqueous systems than for fatty or organic tissues.

CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane belongs to the cyclic acetal family and behaves chemically as a stable formaldehyde reservoir.
s-Trioxane's most characteristic reaction is acid-catalyzed ring opening, which regenerates formaldehyde.
This property distinguishes s-Trioxane from many other cyclic ethers and makes it valuable in synthetic chemistry.

s-Trioxane is resistant to many neutral reaction conditions but becomes reactive in acidic environments.
s-Trioxane can participate in polymerization processes, acetal chemistry, and condensation reactions involving released formaldehyde.
Because of its cyclic structure, s-trioxane is significantly more stable during storage than aqueous formaldehyde solutions or paraformaldehyde.

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION of S-TRIOXANE:
S-Trioxane is manufactured through the acid-catalyzed trimerization of concentrated aqueous formaldehyde.
The production process generally involves:

Concentrated formaldehyde solution
Acid catalyst
Controlled crystallization
Purification by recrystallization or distillation
The resulting crystalline product has high purity and is suitable for polymer production and chemical synthesis.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane is a most unusual chemical.
s-Trioxane is an excellent solvent for many classes of materials.

Concentrated aqueous solutions of s-Trioxane have solvent properties which are not possessed by trioxane itself.
Molten s-Trioxane dissolves numerous organic compounds, such as naphthalene, urea, camphor, dichlorobenzene, etc.
s-Trioxane is stable in alkaline or neutral solutions, yet it is depolymerized to formaldehyde by small amounts of strong acid or acid-forming materials, and the rate of depolymerization can be readily controlled.

DERIVATIVES of S-TRIOXANE:
The only possible mono-bromo derivative of s-Trioxane is C3H5BrO3.
s-Trioxane is a stable, solid, easy to handle source of anhydrous formaldehyde.
Under acidic conditions, s-Trioxane decomposes to form three molecules of formaldehyde.

PRODUCTION of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane can be obtained by the acid-catalyzed cyclic trimerization of formaldehyde in concentrated aqueous solution.

REACTIVITY PROFILE of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane is stable under normal laboratory conditions but is unstable in the presence of acids, which initiate polymerization.
s-Trioxane sublimes readily.
s-Trioxane may react with oxidizing matter .

s-Trioxane is a stable polymeric product of formaldehyde that in the presence of strong aqueous acids will depolymerize (reforming the parent formaldehyde).
Inert to strong alkalis.
Readily converted in non aqueous solutions to the monomeric formaldehyde by small concentrations of acid---the rate of conversion is directly proportional to the concentration of the acid.

PRODUCTION METHODS of S-TRIOXANE:
s-Trioxane is commercially produced primarily through the acid-catalysed trimerisation of formaldehyde, typically using concentrated aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures and pressures, with sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or emerging acidic ionic liquids as catalysts.
The cyclic trimer precipitates or is distilled from the reaction mixture, followed by purification via recrystallisation or vacuum distillation to yield the active substance.
A saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent that is cyclohexane in which the carbon atoms at positions 1, 3 and 5 are replaced by oxygen atoms.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of S-TRIOXANE:
Chemical formula: C3H6O3
Molar mass: 90.078 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline solid
Density: 1.17 g/cm3 (65 °C)
Melting point: 62 °C (144 °F; 335 K)
Boiling point: 115 °C (239 °F; 388 K)
Solubility in water: 221 g/L
CBNumber: CB5763739
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Molecular Weight: 90.08

MDL Number: MFCD00006563
MOL File: 110-88-3.mol
Melting point: 59-62 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 112-115 °C
Density: 1.17
vapor pressure: 7.5 hPa (20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4168 (estimate)
Flash point: 113 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 221g/l
form: Crystals or Crystalline Flakes

color: Colorless to white
explosive limit: 3.6-28.7%(V)
Water Solubility: 221 g/L (25 ºC)
Specific Heat Capacity: Cp(crystal): 1.24 J/(g·K), at 25℃
Sublimation: 115 ºC
Merck: 14,9734
BRN: 102769
Henry's Law Constant: 9.6×10-1 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Yaws (2003)
InChI: 1S/C3H6O3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1/h1-3H2
InChIKey: BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES: C1OCOCO1
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: TRIOXANE
FDA 21 CFR: 177.2470
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-88-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2
FDA UNII: 46BNU65YNY
NIST Chemistry Reference: 1,3,5-Trioxane(110-88-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3,5-Trioxane (110-88-3)
UNSPSC Code: 41116107
NACRES: NA.22
CAS: 110-88-3

IUPAC Name: 1,3,5-trioxane
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
InChI Key: BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1OCOCO1
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 90.08
Infrared spectrum: Conforms
Melting point: 60°C to 63°C
Appearance (Color): Colorless to white
Appearance (Form): Crystals or crystalline flakes
GC: >=99.0 %
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3

Boiling Point: 114.5±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 59-62 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Molecular Weight: 90.078
Flash Point: 45.0±0.0 °C
Exact Mass: 90.031693
PSA: 27.69000
LogP: -0.62
Vapour Pressure: 23.5±0.2 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.385
InChIKey: BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1OCOCO1

Storage condition: Flammables area
Water Solubility: 221 g/L (25 ºC)
Melting point: 59-62 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112-115 °C
density: 1.17
Vapor pressure: 7.5 hPa (20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4168 (estimate)
Flash point: 113 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 221g/l
State of matter: Crystals or Crystalline Flakes
Color: Colorless to white

Explosion limit: 3.6-28.7%(V)
Water solubility: 221 g/L (25 ºC)
Specific heat capacity: Cp(crystal): 1.24 J/(g K), at 25℃
sublimation: 115 °C
Merck: 14,9734
BRN: 102769
Henry's Law Constant: 9.6×10 -1 mol/(m 3 Pa) at 25℃, Yaws (2003)
InChI: 1S/C3H6O3/c1-4-2-6-3-5-1/h1-3H2
InChIKey: BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1OCOCO1
CAS Database: 110-88-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST chemical information: 1,3,5-Trioxane(110-88-3)
EPA chemical information: 1,3,5-Trioxane (110-88-3)
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C3H6O3
CAS Number: 110-88-3
Molecular Weight: 90.08
UNSPSC Code: 12352100
NACRES: NA.22
PubChem Substance ID: 24900501
EC Number: 203-812-5
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 102769

MDL number: MFCD00006563
Assay: ≥99%
Physical state: solid
Form: crystalline
Colour: colourless
Odour: No data available
Melting point/ range: 59 - 62 °C
Boiling point/boiling range: 112 °C (1.013 hPa)
Flammability: The substance or mixture is a flammable solid with the category 1.
Upper explosion limit / Upper flammability limit: 29 %(V)
Lower explosion limit / Lower flammability limit: 3,6 %(V)

Flash point: 45 °C
Method: closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 414 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Flow time: No data available
Solubility(ies)
Water solubility: 172 g/l (20 °C)
pH: 7

Partition coefficient: noctanol/water
log Pow: -0,5 (25 °C)
Method: OECD Test Guideline 107
Vapour pressure: 11 hPa (20 °C)
Relative density: No data available
Density: 1,38 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Method: OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapour density: No data available
Explosives: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Burning rate: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Molecular weight: 90,08 g/mol

Other(deleted CASRN): 113783-48-5
ECHA EINECS - REACH Pre-Reg: 203-812-5
FDA UNII: 46BNU65YNY
Nikkaji Web: J2.452J
Beilstein Number: 102769
MDL: MFCD00006563
XlogP3-AA: -0.40 (est)
Molecular Weight: 90.07842000
Formula: C3 H6 O3
Appearance: white crystalline solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 113.00 °F. TCC ( 45.00 °C. )
Soluble in: water, 1.75E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

FIRST AID MEASURES of S-TRIOXANE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of S-TRIOXANE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of S-TRIOXANE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of S-TRIOXANE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of S-TRIOXANE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of S-TRIOXANE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

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