PRODUCTS

Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE)

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is widely used in the preparation of fire retardant paint in conjunction with chlorine containing resins.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

CAS number: 1309-64-4
EC / EINECS number: 215-175-0
MDL number: MFCD00011214
Molecular formula: Sb₂O₃
Molecular weight: ~ 291.52 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Antimony(III) oxide, Antimony oxide, Antimony trioxide, Antimonous oxide, Sb₂O₃, ATO, antimony oxide, Diantimony trioxide, Antimony(III) oxide, Antimony(III) oxide, Antimony sesquioxide, Antimonous oxide, Flowers of Antimony, ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, ANTIMONY OXIDE, Antimony(III) oxide, ANTIMONOUS OXIDE, ANTIMON(III)OXIDE, ANTIMONIUM TRIOXIDE, at3, JOS, ap50, AT3D, Diantimony trioxide, ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, 1309-64-4, Antimonious oxide, Exitelite, Timonox, Twinkling star, Antimony White, Thermoguard B, Thermoguard L, Thermoguard S, White star, Fireshield H, Dechlorane A-O, Stibiox MS, Amspec-KR, Patox C, Patox H, Patox L, Patox M, Patox S, Atox B, Atox F, Atox R, Atox S, Antimony oxide (Sb2O3), Antimony sesquioxide, Timonox White Star, Microfine A 05, Octoguard FR 10, Flameguard VF 59, Chemetron fire shield, Antimony(3+) oxide, Flame Cut 610, Flame Cut 610R, Antimony Bloom 100A, Antimony Bloom 500A, Weisspiessglanz, Nyacol A 1510LP, Fireshield FSPO 405, Nyacol A 1530, AP 50 (metal oxide), NCI-C55152, AT 3B, LSB 80, AP 50, A 1588LP, ANTIMONIUM OXYDATUM, Antimony oxide (SB203), P217481X5E, CI 77052, C.I. 77052, A 1582, oxostibanyl stibinate, RefChem:113184, DTXCID303880, 215-175-0, Antox, DTXSID4023880, Senarmontite, antimony(3+), oxygen(2-), oxygen(-2) anion, 12412-52-1, Valentinite, FireShield LS-FR, LS-FR, Weisspiessglanz [German], AT 3 (fireproofing agent), MIC 3, CCRIS 4495, HSDB 436, HM 203P, EINECS 215-175-0, EINECS 215-474-6, AN 800, Nyacol A-1530, O3Sb2, Sb2O3,, SCHEMBL302281, ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE [MI], ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE [HSDB], ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE [IARC], UNII-P217481X5E, ANTIMONIUM OXYDATUM [HPUS], AKOS030228225, EC 215-175-0, Q409035, 1317-98-2, a1530, SB OXIDE, C.I. 77052, oxoantimony, ANTIMONY OXIDE, ANTIMONOUS OXIDE, dioxodistiboxane, ANTIMONY(+3)OXIDE, ANTIMON(III)OXIDE, ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, Antimony trioxide, diantimony trioxide, Antimony(III) oxide, Antimonyoxidepowder, DI-ANTIMONY TRIOXIDE, Antimony (III) oxide, C.I. Pigment White 11, Antimonyoxideelecgrwhitepowder, Antimony sesquioxide, Antimonous oxide, Antimony oxide, Oxo-oxostibanyloxystibane, Diantimony trioxide, Antimonious oxide, Antimony oxide, Antimony oxide (Sb2O3), Antimony sesquioxide, Antimony White, Antimony(3+) oxide, Antox, C.I. Pigment White 11, CI Pigment White 11, Diantimony trioxide, Exitelite, Flowers of antimony, Patox C, Thermoguard B, Timonox, Timonox White Star, White star, antimonious oxide, antimony sesquioxide, antimony(3+), oxygen(2-), antimony(III) oxide

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide), a white crystalline solid, is insoluble in water.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an inorganic semiconducting material with high photon conductivity and superior chemical stability.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) naturally occurs as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white solid often considered the most important compound of antimony.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is acquired through oxidization of raw minerals containing it and purified by sublimation, or alternatively through the treatment of metallic antimony in furnaces.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white crystalline oxide of antimony — widely used industrially as a flame retardant synergist (especially in plastics, textiles, coatings), as well as opacifier/pigment (glass, ceramics, enamel, paint), and as catalyst in polymer production.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is relatively stable, with high melting/sublimation points, low water solubility, and good compatibility for incorporation in various materials.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)'s main advantages are flame-retardant effectiveness (in synergy), opacity/whiteness/pigment properties, and catalytic utility.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an inorganic compound.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) dissolves in aqueous solutions by hydrolysis.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a whitish powder and crystalline.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in nitric acid.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white insoluble solid.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an amphoteric oxide with a strong tendency to act as a base.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can be prepared by direct oxidation by air, oxygen, or steam and is formed when antimony(III) chloride is hydrolyzed by excess boiling water.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white crystalline solid.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in water.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white crystalline solid.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in water.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula Sb2O3.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is the most important commercial compound of antimony.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite.

Like most polymeric oxides, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) dissolves in aqueous solutions with hydrolysis.
A mixed arsenic-antimony oxide occurs in nature as the very rare mineral stibioclaudetite.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) mainly has two preparation methods including dry and wet.

Dry method is through reducing the crude sulfur trioxide generated from the calcined sulfantimonide ore into metallic antimony in the presence of coke with soda as the melting promoting agent.
The wet method is through leaching sulfur antimony ore with hydrochloric acid to generate antimony trichloride and further hydrolysis with caustic soda to obtain it.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white or gray orthorhombic or equiaxed crystalline powder.
After heating, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) turns yellow, and after cooling, it turns white or gray again.
Density 5.2g/cm3, melting point 656 ℃, boiling point 1550 ℃ of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)(sublimation), below 557 ℃ for stable orthorhombic crystal system, above 557 ℃ for stable equiaxed crystal system.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is soluble in hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, tartaric acid, acetic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute sulfuric acid.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an amphoteric oxide.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is reduced to metallic antimony by solid carbon or carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other gases at low temperature.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) (Sb2O3) is a slightly soluble, white crystalline powder.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is produced by smelting antimony-containing ores or reacting antimony trichloride with water.

Antimony is not abundant in the earth’s crust.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) may also be referred to as antimony oxide, or in manufacturing as antimony white.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a noncombustible, odorless, white crystalline powder.

USES and APPLICATIONS of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and polymers.

Other release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal), in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Other release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases and paper chemicals and dyes.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products, textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, rubber products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).

Release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the following products: polymers, coating products, laboratory chemicals and semiconductors.

Other release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is likely to occur from: indoor use, outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, manufacturing of the substance and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the following products: polymers, laboratory chemicals, coating products, semiconductors, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and inks and toners.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, machinery and vehicles, plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment and textile, leather or fur.

Release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, manufacturing of the substance and as processing aid.

Release to the environment of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in the production of articles and formulation of mixtures.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) stands out as one of the most versatile and widely used compounds of antimony, with commercial applications in a large number of industries.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)’s primary application is to generate flame-retardant properties in polymers through combination with halides.

The Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) sputtering target is used for thin film deposition, decoration, semiconductor, display, LED and photovoltaic devices, functional coating as nicely as other optical information storage space industry, glass coating industry like car glass and architectural glass, optical communication, etc.

The major use of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is as a Flame Retardant synergist in plastics, rubber, textiles, adhesives, fiberglass & paper.
Glass manufacturers use it as a fining agent or as degasser (to remove bubbles).
Porcelain and enameling services use it as an opacifier.

Paint manufacturers use Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) as a white pigment.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is sometimes used with other materials to form yellow pigments.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as an opacifier in low fire glazes and porcelain enamel (mainly leadless but it has been replaced to an extent by titania).

Antimony is easily reducible; thus an oxidizing agent like potassium nitrate may be required to prevent it from going into solution and losing its opacifying power and affecting color.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is not useful in glazes over cone 1 due to volatilization.

Antimony can be used as a yellow body stain in combination with rutile or titanium.
Antimony will bleach the surface of low fire red-burning clay to a buff color to produce variegated coloration.
The glass industry uses antimony as a decolorizing and fining agent to clarify glasses and as a stabilizing agent in the production of emerald green glass.

Antimony has a low thermal expansion and reduces crazing.
Antimony (III) based materials show great potential as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), owing to their high energy density as well as long lifespan.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) composite exhibits high specific charge capacity of 640.8 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.2 A g−1 after 50 cycles in lithium-ion batteries.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) anode exhibits a high capacity of 550 mA h g–1 at 0.05 A g–1 and 265 mA h g–1 at 5 A g–1 and a reversible capacity of 414 mA h g–1 at 0.5 A g–1 is achieved after 200 stable cycles in sodium-ion batteries.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can greatly increase flame retardant effectiveness while used in combination with halogenated flame retardants as a synergist in coatings, plastics, fiber, paints, adhesives, rubber, and textiles.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) also finds applications as catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and rubber, and as opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics, and enamels.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) nanoparticle is used in optical materials with high refractive index.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as doped material for electronic industry.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has other applications such as ceramics, sensors, catalysts, fillers, and flame retardants.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can be used in the production of PET as a catalyst.
In same glasses Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an explanatory aid, in semiconductors it is an additive.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is suitable to be preferred as a component in the manufacture of complex inorganic colored rutile pipments.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is one of the most important commercial compounds.
The raw stat may become volatile again.
In same cases Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) contains rich mining features.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) prevents foaming on the Windows.
Since it is flame retardant, added to colors, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) looks even more vibrant.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has a wide range of applications, with its primary use being as a flame retardant in plastic materials.

Plastics are widely used in automobiles, home appliances, industrial machinery, and housing, but they are generally flammable.
By adding Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) along with halogen-based flame retardants to these plastics, we can impart high flame retardancy, which reduces the risk of fires caused by electrical shorts or deterioration of electrical equipment.

This helps prevent personal injury and economic loss from fires.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is the most important commercial compound of antimony, a brittle, silvery-white semimetal that conducts heat poorly.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is found in nature as the minerals stibnite.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is synthetically produced by roasting antimony metal in a furnace with oxygen present or recycled from lead-based batteries.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is predominantly used in polymer where resistance to ignition and flammability are required.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a synergistic of halogens, typically chlorine and bromine based, necessary to achieve performance levels in compliance with European labeling directives and at the same time pass specific tests for fireproof materials such as UL94 or in the automotive sector.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is also used as a catalyst for PET manufacture, as a frictional additive in automotive brake linings, as a clarifier for glass, as an opacifier for enamels, and in ceramic and textile applications.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) mostly used as synesis which with halogen flame retardant in most of polymer materials compounding.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is also can be used as clarifier additive inside glass making.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used used for ceramic glaze and pigment & coating.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used Fining agent; Catalysts; Filler; Flame retardant; Optical materials (with high refractive index); Gas sensors;

Humidity sensors; ceramic industry; Doped material for the electronics industry; and varistor.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as a catalyst, vulcanization of rubber, an opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as a flame retardant.

Flame retardant synergist: The main use of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)— often combined with halogenated flame retardants in plastics, textiles, coatings, foams, rubber, etc.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) enhances flame-retardant effectiveness, helping to suppress fire or slow combustion.

Opacifier / pigment / filler: Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in glass, ceramics, enamels, paints — as opacifying agent or white pigment (or whitening / opacity enhancer).
Catalyst for manufacture of polymers: For example, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), rubber vulcanization, and other polymerization or chemical processes.

Miscellaneous industrial uses of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide): Historically and industrially in certain ceramics, enamels, glass; possibly in metal-antimony related processes and other specialized applications.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in water.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is mainly used as a chemical synergist in chlorinated and brominated flame-retardants, increasing the retardants’ effectiveness.
Flame retardants containing Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) are used widely in producing textiles, plastics, rubber, and paints.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is the main catalyst used to produce polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyester fibers.
PET is commonly used in plastic packaging for water and soft drinks.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is also used as a pigment and/or clarifying agent in certain glasses and ceramics.

As of 1995, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) gained popularity as an additive in optical glass, replacing arsenious oxide.
Antimony metal increases hardness and strength in lead alloys and is used in lead storage batteries, solder, sheet and pipe metal, bearings, castings, and pewter.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is produced when elemental antimony is heated and/or oxidized.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a nonreactive white pigment prepared from metallic antimony using a similar technique to that used for the preparation of zinc oxide.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is widely used in the preparation of fire retardant paint in conjunction with chlorine containing resins.

On exposure to fire, the chlorine gas liberated by decomposition of the resin component of the paint film reacts with the Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) to produce a vapor of antimony chloride that blankets the flames.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is also used to modify the heavy chalking characteristics of anatase form of titanium oxide.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) (commonly referred to as antimony oxide), Sb2O3 is used to impart flame retardancy to plastics.
Although Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is found in nature, it is too impure to be used.
Flameretardant grades of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)s are manufactured from either antimony metal or the sulfide ore by oxidation in air at 600–800 °C.

The particle size and chemical reactivity of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) are determined by the processing conditions, enabling the production of several different grades.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is from 99.0–99.9 wt % Sb2O3.

The remainder consists of 0.4–0.01 wt % arsenic; 0.4–0.01, lead; 0.1–0.0001, iron; 0.005–0.0001, nickel; and 0.01–0.0001, sulfates.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in water and the loss on drying at 110 °C is 0.1 wt % max.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has been used as a white pigment since ancient times.

The pigmentation from antimony oxide in plastics can be controlled and adjusted by the judicious selection of a Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) grade having a specific particle size.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) with the smallest particle size and the narrowest particle-size range imparts the whitest color and highest opacity.

Translucent plastics can be made by using low tint grades with relatively large particles.
Uses of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide): manufacture of tartar emetic; as paint pigment; in enamels and glasses; as mordant; in flame-proofing canvas.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as white pigment, white glass, enamel, medicine, cement, filler, mordant and fire-retardant coatings, etc.
excellent inorganic white pigment, mainly used for paint coloring.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used for a variety of resin, synthetic rubber, canvas, paper, paint and other flame retardants, petrochemical, synthetic fiber catalyst.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used for the manufacture of mordant, lactalbumin, is the raw material for the synthesis of antimony salt.
The enamel industry, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used to increase the opacity and surface gloss of enamel.
The glass industry, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as a decolorizing agent in place of arsenious acid.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an additive flame retardant, which is often used in combination with other flame retardants and smoke suppressants, and synergistic effects can be produced among the components.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) in the early stage of combustion, the first is melting, forming a protective film on the surface of the material to isolate the air, through the internal endothermic reaction, reduce the combustion temperature.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is vaporized at high temperature, diluting the oxygen concentration in the air, thus playing a flame retardant role.
The annual consumption of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) in the United States and Europe is approximately 10,000 and 25,000 tonnes, respectively.
The main application of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is as flame retardant synergist in combination with halogenated materials.

The combination of the halides and the antimony is key to the flame-retardant action for polymers, helping to form less flammable chars.
Such flame retardants are found in electrical apparatuses, textiles, leather, and coatings.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels.

Some specialty pigments contain antimony.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a useful catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET plastic) and the vulcanization of rubber.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used to fireproof fabrics, paper and plastics, as a paint pigment and for many other uses.

-Flame retardant uses of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a widely used flame retardant suitable to being used for polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, epoxy resin, polyurethane and other plastics.

However, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has low flame retardant effect when being used alone.
Instead Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) has good synergistic effect when being used in combination with phosphates, chlorine-containing compounds (such as chlorinated paraffins, PCBs, perchloro-glutar-cyclodecane etc.), bromine-containing compounds (such as Hexabromobiphenyl, Hexabromobenzene) with the flame retardant performance being improved significantly.

Combining of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) with chloride or bromide can result in antimony trichloride or antimony bromide which is reactive and volatile substances which can promote the halogen movement and generation of carbides in its solid form as well as capturing free radicals in its gas form.

These reactions can all contribute to flame retardancy.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is always combined with zinc oxide, sodium hydroxide, etc. to be used as brominated synergist flame retardant synergist for being applied to plastic fire prevention system.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can also be used in the manufacture of antimony potassium tartrate, pigments, porcelain enamels, dyes and other media.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can also be used as a catalyst for polyester poly-condensation

INDUSTRY USES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide), together antimony tetroxide and antimony pentoxide, are the current three compounds forming between antimony and oxygen with industrial application.
Antimony can form a series of oxide with oxygen such as Sb2O3, Sb2O4, Sb2O5, Sb6O13, and Sb2O as well as gaseous SbO.

However, only the first three compounds have significance in industrial production with other oxides mostly being the transition product of various kinds of antimony production process.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) (Sb2O3, Mr291.50) is a dual-type substance including cubic crystal and monoclinic crystal type.

For different crystal form of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide), the density and refractive index also slightly differ.
The density and refractive index of cubic crystal is 5.2 and 2.087, respectively while is 5.67 and 2.18 for the monoclinic crystal, respectively.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) commonly derived from hydrolysis of SbCl3 is rhombic crystal can burn to red heat in an inert gas or in vacuum and can generate square crystal upon sublimation.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a kind of white powder with the density being 5.67g/cm3.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) becomes yellow when being heated and turn back to white upon being cooled.
Upon 656 ℃, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can be molten into yellow or gray liquid with becoming white asbestos-like mercerizing substance.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is slightly soluble in water, ethanol and dilute acid, easily soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and is also soluble in fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid; it form antimonite upon be dissolved in alkali.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Global production of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) in 2012 was 130,000 tonnes, an increase from 112,600 tonnes in 2002.
China produces the largest share followed by US/Mexico, Europe, Japan and South Africa and other countries (2%).
As of 2010, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) was produced at four sites in the EU.

It is produced via two routes, re-volatilizing of crude Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) and by oxidation of antimony metal.
Oxidation of antimony metal dominates in Europe.
Several processes for the production of crude Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) or metallic antimony from virgin material.

The choice of process depends on the composition of the ore and other factors.
Typical steps include mining, crushing and grinding of ore, sometimes followed by froth flotation and separation of the metal using pyrometallurgical processes (smelting or roasting) or in a few cases (e.g. when the ore is rich in precious metals) by hydrometallurgical processes.

These steps do not take place in the EU but closer to the mining location.
Re-volatilizing of crude Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)

Step 1) Crude stibnite is oxidized to crude Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) using furnaces operating at approximately 500 to 1,000 °C.
The reaction is the following:
2 Sb2S3 + 9 O2 → 2 Sb2O3 + 6 SO2

Step 2) The crude Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is purified by sublimation.
Oxidation of antimony metal
Antimony metal is oxidized to Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) in furnaces.

The reaction is exothermic.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is formed through sublimation and recovered in bag filters.

The size of the formed particles is controlled by process conditions in furnace and gas flow.
The reaction can be schematically described by:
4 Sb + 3 O2 → 2 Sb2O3

PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is an amphoteric oxide.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) dissolves in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to give the meta-antimonite NaSbO2, which can be isolated as the trihydrate.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) also dissolves in concentrated mineral acids to give the corresponding salts, which hydrolyzes upon dilution with water.
With nitric acid, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is oxidized to antimony(V) oxide.
When heated with carbon, the oxide is reduced to antimony metal.

With other reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminium hydride, the unstable and very toxic gas stibine is produced.
When heated with potassium bitartrate, a complex salt potassium antimony tartrate, KSb(OH)2•C4H2O6, is formed.

STRUCTURE of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
The structure of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) depends on the temperature of the sample.
Dimeric Sb4O6 is the high temperature (1560 °C) gas.
Sb4O6 molecules are bicyclic cages, similar to the related oxide of phosphorus(III), phosphorus trioxide.

The cage structure is retained in a solid that crystallizes in a cubic habit.
The Sb–O distance is 197.7 pm and the O–Sb–O angle of 95.6°.
This form exists in nature as the mineral senarmontite.

Above 606 °C, the more stable form is orthorhombic, consisting of pairs of -Sb-O-Sb-O- chains that are linked by oxide bridges between the Sb centers.
This form exists in nature as the mineral valentinite.

PREPARATION of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE) FROM ANTIMONY POTASSIUM TARTRATE.
Add the ammonia into the boiling liquid of antimony potassium (one part of antimony potassium tartrate K (SbO) C4H4O6 is dissolved in 10 parts of water).
Boil for a period of time, filtered, wash to give Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

Among them, only trace amounts of silicon, magnesium has been detected from the Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) generated from the hydrolysis method through spectroscopy qualitative analysis.
It is suitable as spectral analysis standard.

Add 15 g of analytic purity grade Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) to the 500 mL beaker, further add 30 ml of high purity hydrochloric acid (1 + 1), and dissolve it under stirring.
Filter the solution with washed sand glass funnel to remove insoluble impurities.

Further dilute it to 400 mL with high purity water when white chlorine oxide antimony is precipitated.
Once the solution becomes clear, decant the supernatant liquid and wash the precipitate through decantation for several times.

To the washed precipitate, add 200 mL of high-purity ammonia (1 + 25) and boil for 5~10 min, when the antimony oxychloride all becomes Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).
The generated Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) particle is much smaller than the antimony oxychloride.

Pour out the clearing solution and boil again for several times using the same method in dilute ammonia.
Check the washed solution with silver nitrate.
When the poured liquid no longer contains chlorine ions, all the antimony oxychloride has been completely converted to Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

Then use high-purity water decantation for wash the precipitate for several times.
Use of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide):

Buchner funnel for filtration and then wash the precipitate with high purity water until the washed liquid becomes neutral again.
The washed precipitate is dried in an oven at 150 ℃ to constant weight.
Take it out after cooling to get the final product of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

COMMERCIAL SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
A grain size of 5–10 cm suffices in conventional processes because fresh surface is always exposed for reaction owing to volatilization of the trioxide.

Very low grade ores must be ground more finely to separate the sulfide from the gangue.
The yield depends on the process and the sulfide content of the ore, varying between 60 and 90 % or more.

Commercial Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) should be at least 99.5% Sb2O3.
If Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is finely crystalline, adheres firmly to the fingers, and does not cake, it is considered of good quality.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) must be white.
A reddish tinge indicates the presence of antimony(III) sulfide.

The yellowish shade of selenium and lead(II) oxide is also undesirable.
The arsenic content should be on the order of 0.1 %.

RECOVERY of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is being used as flame retardant in an increasing quantities.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is produced mostly by roasting sulfidic antimony ores or other antimony-containing raw materials.

To recover Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) of higher purity, especially for the separation of arsenic and antimony oxide, selective volatilization of the more volatile arsenic trioxide and selective condensation of the less volatile antimony tetroxide at high temperatures, leaving arsenic trioxide to condense out at lower temperatures, can be applied.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) can also be recovered from complex antimony sulfide ores by reaction with calcium chloride.
The reaction takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere at about 500 ℃.
Sb2S3 + 3 CaCl2 + 6 O2 → 2 SbCl3 + 3 CaSO4.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white or gray mineral, sometimes pale red, white streak and adamantine or silky luster.
Mohs hardness of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is 2–3.

RELATED COMPOUNDS of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Other anions
*Antimony trisulfide
*Antimony triselenide
*Antimony telluride

Other cations
*Dinitrogen trioxide
*Phosphorus trioxide
*Arsenic trioxide
*Bismuth trioxide

Related compounds
*Diantimony tetraoxide
*Antimony pentoxide

FEATURES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE) AS CATALYSTS:
Antimony compounds are excellent catalysts to accelerate the polymerization in polyester manufacturing.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is the most widely used polymerization catalyst in both domestic and overseas markets in the manufacture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET)from ethylene glycol(EG)and high purity terephthalic acid(TPA), or dimethyl terephthalete(DMT).

BENEFITS / USEFUL CHARACTERISTICS of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
In powder form, stable, relatively inert at ambient conditions (low solubility in water), making Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) practical for use as additive.

Effective as a flame retardant synergist, particularly when combined with halogenated flame retardants — Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is widely used and established in plastics, textiles, coatings.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) provides opacity / whiteness when used as pigment / opacifier, useful in glass, ceramic, enamel, paint industries.
As a catalyst, Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) helps in polymer production (e.g. PET) — industrial importance for plastics manufacturing.

ADDITIONAL NOTES & PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is described as “mono-constituent inorganic substance” in regulatory registry (i.e. a pure compound, not a mixture) under the relevant registration.
Purity typical for technical grades is high (e.g. around 98.7–100 % for main Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) constituent), though impurities (trace of metals or other oxides) may exist depending on source.

Under different manufacturing or thermal conditions, different polymorphs / crystal structures may form (cubic vs orthorhombic), which may slightly affect density, refractive index, and behavior.

In high-temperature conditions (furnace, glass / ceramic manufacturing, etc.), Sb₂O₃ may oxidize further, or convert to other Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)s (e.g. antimony tetroxide Sb₂O₄) depending on oxygen availability.

NOTES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Store Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.
Store Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) away from strong oxidizing agents.
Keep Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) container tightly closed.

PREPARATION of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is obtained by roasting stibnite:
2 Sb2S3 + 9 O2 → 2Sb2O3 + 6SO2.

Temperature and air feed is carefully controlled in the process to suppress any formation of antimony tetroxide (Sb2O4).
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is separated from any arsenic trioxide (As2O3) that may be present as an impurity by volatilization, as the latter is much more volatile than the former.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) may be also prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of antimony trichloride and subsequent dehydration of hydrous oxide under controlled heating (rapid or vigorous heating may partially oxidize Sb(III) to Sb(V).
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) also may be made by heating the metallic element with oxygen or air.
The volatilizing trioxide is condensed and collected.

OCCURRENCE of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) occurs in nature as minerals, valentinite [1317-98-2] and senarmontinite [12412-52-1].
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is used as a flame retardant in fabrics; as an opacifier in ceramics, glass and vitreous enamels; as a catalyst; as a white pigment in paints; as a mortar in the manufacture of tartar emetic; and in the production of metallic antimony.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is a white or gray orthorhombic or equiaxed crystal powder.
melting point of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is 656 ℃
boiling point of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is 1550 ℃
relative density of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is 5.67

solubility
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is soluble in hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide, sodium sulfide, tartaric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, insoluble in water, alcohol, dilute sulfuric acid.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) occurs as colorless orthorhombic modifications, valentinite, or colorless cubic form, senarmontite; density 5.67 g/cm3 (valentinite), 5.20g/cm3 (senarmontite); cubic modification is dimeric, consisting of Sb2O6 discrete molecules; refractive index 2.087.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) melts in the absence of oxygen at 656°C; boils at 1,550°C (sublimes); sublimes in vacuum at 400°C; very slightly soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents; soluble in HCl, caustic alkalies and tartaric acid.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is formed as a white smoke by roasting antimony sulfide in a limited supply of air:
When roasting is conducted in excess air, the nonvolatile tetroxide is formed:
The tetroxide is a double oxide of Sb2O3 and Sb2O5, better represented as SbIIISbVO4.

Both Sb2O3 and Sb2O5 hydrate yield the tetroxide when heated in air at 800–900 °C.
The oxides and oxide hydrates are insoluble in water.

Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is insoluble in dilute H2SO4 and HNO3 but dissolves in HCl.
Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) also dissolves in alkalis to form antimonites.

The alkali antimonates, e.g., NaSb(OH)6, obtained by the oxidation of the antimonites, are insoluble in water.
The Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) structure varies depending on the temperature of the sample.

For instance, dimeric Sb4O6 is discovered under high temperatures.
Dimeric Sb4O6 is the high temperature (1560 °C) gas.

The Sb4O6 molecules appear as bicyclic cages that look the same as related oxides of phosphorous trioxide and phosphorous (III).
This cage structure is maintained in a cubic habit.
A more stable orthorhombic form with pairs of Sb-O chains is discovered if the compound is exposed to temperatures below 606 °C.

PRODUCTION METHOD of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
The preparation method of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) method is divided into dry and wet method.
Dry method includes antimony metal and stibnite method; wet including acid leaching and antimony salt decomposition method.

Dry
Antimony metal method (dry method);
Reaction equation:
Sb + O2 → Sb2O3

Methods of operation:
700 kg of 99.8% antimony metal (sulfur containing 29 × 10-6) was heated in a graphite furnace to 1200 ℃; pour into air for 5 min within 0.3m3/min, until the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust≤5 × 10-6, cool to 786 ℃, pour into air for12 h at the rate of 2m3/min to obtain the Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) with the yield being 92.1%.

Stibnite (dry method);
Reaction equation:
2Sb2S3 + 9O2 → 2Sb2O3 + 6SO2 ↑
Sb2O3 + 3C → 2Sb + 3CO ↑
4Sb + O2 → 2Sb2O3

Operation:
Select the high grade stibnite containing Sb 50%~60%, As 0.1%, Pb 0.007%, Fe 0.16%, S 11.42%, Al2O3 0.66%, CaO 4.75%, MgO <0.5%, SiO2 8.65%, HgO 0.0026%.

Mix this concentrate together with iron ore (Fe 50.17%) containing 10% antimony concentrate as well as 2% limestone (CaO> 50%) and add them into the fuming furnace slag bath at a certain speed, put air, coal mixture into it to adjust the temperature of the liquid slag as well as atmosphere in the furnace to maintain the temperature being at about 1250 °C, and the gas phase CO2/CO in the furnace gas phase being 4.78, 1 g PO2 =-8.33, add the material for continuous melting.

The antimony is mainly existed Sb2O3 (with a small amount being in sulfide form) was constantly fumed into the gas phase; upon the purification of flue gas, transfer the sulfide into Sb2O3 through the burning in flue and combustion chamber with the oxides in the flue gas being separately collected separately in each part of collecting device, wherein Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is collected in flue vortex.
The fume and dust collected by the electrostatic precipitator has high purity and can be used as Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

The collected dust and tail gas is released after the absorption of sulfur dioxide.
After completion of the addition of the material, continuously put air and coal for melting and fuming for about 1h; when the fume is almost free of white volatiles, the process ends; release 2/3 slag.

Acid leaching method (wet).
Reaction equation:
Sb2S3 + 6HCl → 2SbCl3 + 3H2S ↑
SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl
2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → Sb2O3 + NH4Cl + H2O

operation method:
Take 600 kg of antimony sulfide ore containing Sb 60.07%, Pb 0.9% and less than 60 mesh, continuously add into acid leaching tub with the leaching solution composition being HCl 1.0mol/L, Fe2 + 70g/L (added FeCl2), Sb3 + 4.2 g/L, leaching solution: solid = 2: 1, apply steam heating to 80 ℃.
Under mechanical stirring, put into chlorine gas for extraction for 6h.

Filter, purify to get a leaching liquid containing Sb 283g/L.
Further apply hydrolysis at room temperature.
Antimony oxychloride was washed several times by water and further neutralized with ammonia for 30min to have pH = 8~9.

Further wash to pH = 7, filter and dry to give 406 kg of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) powder which contains Sb2O3: 99.80%, particle size being lower than 325 mesh, and whiteness being 97%.
Antimony salt solution (wet).

Reaction equation:
2Sb + 3Cl2 → 2SbCl3
SbCl3 + H2O → SbOCl + 2HCl
4SbOCl + H2O → Sb2O3 • 2SbOCl + 2HCl
Sb2O3 • 2SbOCl + 2NH4OH → 2Sb2O3 + 2NH4Cl + H2O

Methods of operation: metal antimony is reacted with chlorine to generate antimony trichloride, which is further subjects to distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifuge and separation, and drying to obtain the finished product of Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

PREPARATION METHOD of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
The preparation method is divided into a dry method and a wet method.
The dry method is a method for producing a product from stibnite or metallic antimony by roasting and oxidation.
The wet process is a process by which stibnite or metallic antimony is reacted with an acid by a liquid phase process to produce a product.

*dry process:
stibnite (Sb2 s3) was calcined at 1000 °c in the presence of Coke.
The Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) vapor generated by oxidation is collected, and after condensation, the metal antimony is generated by heating and reduction with Coke using soda ash as flux.
The resulting metallic antimony is then oxidized in air to give Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide).

*wet process
(1) antimony salt ammonolysis method: Antimony trichloride is generated by reacting metallic antimony with chlorine gas, and Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) is obtained by distillation, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, washing, centrifugal separation and drying.

(2) hydrochloric acid method using stibnite as raw material: Stibnite reacts with hydrochloric acid in the presence of nitric acid, and is hydrolyzed, precipitated and dried to obtain a finished product.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SB2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
Name: Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)
CAS number: 1309-64-4
EC / EINECS number: 215-175-0
Molecular formula: Sb₂O₃
Molecular weight: ~291.52 g/mol
IUPAC name: Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide) / oxostibanyl stibinate
Appearance: white crystalline solid / powder
Crystal forms: exists in different crystal modifications — e.g. cubic (senarmontite) or orthorhombic (valentinite)
Density / Specific gravity: ~5.20 to 5.67 g/cm³ depending on crystal form
Melting point: ~655 °C (lit)

Boiling / Sublimation point: ~1550 °C (sublimes) under appropriate conditions
Vapor pressure: e.g. 13.3 hPa at ~660 °C (for heated material)
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in water. For example, <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 °C is given for some grades
Other solubility / chemical reactivity: Insoluble in many dilute acids (e.g. dilute H₂SO₄, HNO₃),
but dissolves in concentrated or strong acids (e.g. HCl) and in alkaline (basic) conditions — forming antimonites/antimonates
Behavior on heating: On heating (especially in powdered form, in air), may ignite/burn; at high temperature forms gas-phase dimeric Sb₄O₆
Stability / chemical nature: Amphoteric oxide (can behave as base in reactions), typical inorganic oxide
Chemical formula: Sb2O3

Molar mass: 291.518 g/mol
Appearance: white solid
Odor: odorless
Density: 5.2 g/cm3, α-form
Density: 5.67 g/cm3 β-form
Melting point: 656 °C (1,213 °F; 929 K)
Boiling point: 1,425 °C (2,597 °F; 1,698 K) (sublimes)
Solubility in water: 370±37 μg/L between 20.8 °C and 22.9 °C
Solubility: soluble in acid

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −69.4×10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 2.087, α-form
Refractive index (nD): 2.35, β-form
Structure:
Crystal structure: cubic (α) <570 °C
Crystal structure: orthorhombic (β) >570 °C
Coordination geometry: pyramidal
Dipole moment: zero

Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 655 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 1.550 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0287 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available

Density: ca.5,2 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 5,9 at 24 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative vapor density:
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CBNumber: CB3438204
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2

Molecular Weight: 291.52
MDL Number: MFCD00011214
MOL File: 1309-64-4.mol
Melting point: 655 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1550 °C (lit.)
Density: 5.20
bulk density: 800-1300kg/m3
vapor pressure: 13.3 hPa (660 °C)

Flash point: 1550°C subl.
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 2.70mg/l
form: powder
color: White
Specific Gravity: 5.67
Odor: wh. cubic or orthorhombic cryst., odorless
biological source: rabbit
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble. <0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC

Merck: 14,711
crystal system: Cube
Space group: Fd3m
Molecular Weight: 291.52 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 291.79277 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 289.79237 Da

Topological Polar Surface Area: 3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS: 1309-64-4
EINECS: 215-175-0
InChI: InChI=1/O.Sb/q;+3/rOSb/c1-2/q+3
InChIKey: MUBFITUCTVFSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2
Molar Mass: 291.52
Density: 5.20

Melting Point: 655 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 1550 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 1550°C subl.
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble.
Solubility: 2.70mg/l
Vapor Presure: 13.3 hPa (660 °C)
Appearance: White crystal
Specific Gravity: 5.67

Color: White
Exposure Limit: ACGIH: TWA 0.5 mg/m3NIOSH:
IDLH 50 mg/m3; TWA 0.5 mg/m3
Merck: 14,711
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
MDL: MFCD00011214
Appearance: white crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00

Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 5.20000 @ 25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 1425.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
Soluble in: water, 0.06589 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in: water
CAS: 1309-64-4
IUPAC Name: diantimony(3+) trioxidandiide
Molecular Formula: O3Sb2

InChI Key: GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: [O--].[O--].[O--].[Sb+3].[Sb+3]
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 291.52
Synonym: Sb2O3 (Antimony Oxide)
MDL Number: MFCD00011214
Appearance (Color): White
Form: Powder
Assay from Supplier's CofA: ≥98.5 to ≤101.5%

FIRST AID MEASURES of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of Sb2O3 (ANTIMONY OXIDE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available