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SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate also has applications in fabric dyeing, tanning, paper, color film, soil analysis, radiation chemistry and analytical chemistry and other departments.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is allowable food additives (water retention agent) for being used for canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products, soy products; it can also be used as a dye dispersant, and water treatment agent.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is colorless and transparent glass flake or white granular crystals.
CAS Number: 10124-56-8
Molecular Formula: H7NaO18P6
Molecular Weight: 503.87
EINECS Number: 233-343-1
Synonyms: Calgon, Hexasodium hexametaphosphate, Chemi-charl, Graham's salt, Calgon S, Calgon (old), Caswell No. 772, Hexasodium metaphosphate, Phosphate, sodium hexameta, SODIUMHEXAMETAPHOSPHATE, FEMA 3027, HSDB 5053, Natrium hexametaphosphat, N40N91DW96, EINECS 233-343-1, Sodium hexametaphosphate (Na6P6O18), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076402, UNII-N40N91DW96, DTXSID1047522, Metaphosphoric acid (H6P6O18), hexasodium salt, METAPHOSPHORIC ACID SODIUM SALT, hexasodium;2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaoxido-1,3,5,7,9,11-hexaoxa-2lambda5,4lambda5,6lambda5,8lambda5,10lambda5,12lambda5-hexaphosphacyclododecane 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaoxide, SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE ((NAPO3)6), EC 233-343-1, SHMP, Medi-Calgon, Hexametaphosphate, sodium salt, polymetaphosphate, Sodium Hexametaphosphate(Sodium Polyphosphates, Glassy;Food Grade Sodium Hexametaphosphate;SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATES;SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATES GLASSY;SODIUM POLYMETAPHOSPHATE;SHMP;calgon(old);calgons
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is easily soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a salt of composition Na6[(PO3)6].
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name.
Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate.
They are white solids that dissolve in water.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a water-soluble, inorganic polyphosphate compound composed of repeating units of metaphosphate.
Its chemical formula is (NaPO₃)₆, often represented as Na₆P₆O₁₈.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is commonly used in various industrial, food, and water treatment applications.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is the alkali salt of one of the series of polymetaphosphoric acids (acids formed by the polymerization of phosphate groups).
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate was first made in 1825 by the German chemist Johann Frederich Philipp Engelhart (1797-1853).
For his doctoral thesis, Engelhart intended to determine whether iron was responsible for the red color of blood.
In order to purify his blood samples, Engelhart had found that he could coagulate the blood serum's albumin (dissolved proteins) by treating the blood with phosphoric acid.
This contradicted the findings of the famous Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who had stated that phosphoric acid did not coagulate water-soluble proteins such as egg white.
Berzelius and Engelhart collaborated with the intention of resolving the contradiction; they concluded that Engelhart had produced a new form of phosphoric acid simply by burning phosphorus in air and then dissolving the resulting substance in water.
However they did not determine the new acid's composition.
That analysis was accomplished in 1833 by the Scottish chemist Thomas Graham, who named the sodium salt of the new acid "metaphosphate of soda".
Graham's findings were confirmed by the German chemists Justus von Liebig and Theodor Fleitmann.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a salt of composition Na6[(PO3)6].
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO3), of which the and is usually the compound referred to by this name.
Such a mixture is more correctly termed SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate they are white solids that dissolve in water.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a hexamer of sodium phosphate (NaPO3)6.
It is a water-soluble polyphosphate that consists of chains of six repeating.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as a surfactant, emulsier, suspending agent, dispersing agent,is a clean, non-toxic phos widely used in the food industry and the chemical industry.
It can be used as a chelating reagent for metal ions, an adhesive, a reagent.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is miscible in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
This sequestrant, thickener, emulsier and texturizer is used in a variety of foods. The phosphorus in the additive helps to pre corrosion (calcium, iron salts, magnesium, etc.).
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a food additive and a softening agent for water and detergents.
It can also be found in leather pigments, and personal care products such as toothpaste.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a mixture of polymeric metaphosphates, of which the hexamer is one.
It is more correctly calle polymetaphosphate.
Synonym(s): Polyphosphate sodium salt, SHMP, Calgon, Sodium polyphosphate, Phosphate glass, water soluble.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as an additives, nourishing agent, quality improver, pH regulator, metalions chelatin and leavening agent.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate Powder is a white or clear, odorless, free-flowing powder.
It is cleared by the Meat and Poultry Inspection Division to decrease the amount of cooked-out juices in poultry, canned hams, pork shoulder picnics and loins, canned hams and pork shoulder picnics, chopped ham and bacon as follows: 5.0% phosphate in pickle at 10% pump level; 0.5% phosphate in product (only clear solutions may be injected into product).
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as an emulsifier and is labelled E452i under the E-list classification.
It can be found in various spreads, condensed milk, egg white concentrates, fish and meat products, fruit gum, etc.
This wide range of applications is due not only to the ability of this compound to distribute the oil phase in water, but also to its ability to impart a sensation of moisture and to retain moisture in an adsorptive state, resulting not only in foods remaining stable for a longer period of time, but also in a significantly better taste.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also be found in pectin-containing products, as it facilitates the dissolution of pectins and their even mixing.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as an effective sequestrant (metal ion binding) in water softening.
The addition of sodium carbonate produces products which raise the pH to 8.0-8.6, and act partly as pH stabilizers and softeners.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate also acts as a dispersant, i.e. it clarifies the water.
Acting as a deflocculant, sodium hexametaphosphate prevents the adhesion of colloidal, organic and inorganic particles, thus protecting the water from the growth of micro-organisms in the event of flocculation (particle adhesion) and when this cannot be eliminated by normal filtration.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphates aqueous solution exhibits acidic property.
Its complex of divalent metal ion is relatively more stable than the complexes of mono-valent metal ion.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can easily be hydrolyzed to orthophosphate in warm water, acid or alkali solution.
Hexametaphosphate has a relative strong hygroscopicity with being sticky after absorbing moisture.
For certain metal ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium, etc.), it has the ability to form soluble complexes, and thus being able to being used for demineralizing water.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also from precipitate with lead and silver ions with precipitate being re-dissolved in excess amount of sodium hexametaphosphate solution to form a complex salt.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphates barium salt can also form complexes with the sodium hexametaphosphate.
It can be used as a kind of highly efficient water softener of power stations, rolling stock boiler water; as detergent additive, as corrosion-controlling or anti-corrosion agents; as cement hardening accelerator; as streptomycin purification agent, and the cleaning agent of textile industry and dyeing industry.
It can also be used as a kind of sedative drug, preservative, stabilizer, and fruit juice precipitant in food industry.
In the oil industry, it is used for control of drilling pipe rust and adjusting the viscosity of oil drilling mud.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a kind of sodium metaphosphate polymers.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is also known as "polyvinylidene sodium," "sodium multiple metaphosphate", "sodium metaphosphate vitreous body", and "Graham salt".
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a colorless transparent glass-like solid or white powder with greater solubility but low dissolving rate in water.
Melting point: 616℃
Boiling point: 1500℃
Density: 2.181
refractive index: 1.482
RTECS: OY3675000
FEMA: 3027 | SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE
storage temp.: 2-8°C
form: Solid
color: White
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Soluble in water. Insoluble in organic solvents
Stability: Stable. Keep dry.
InChIKey: INSNVPUOJJTBAL-UHFFFAOYSA-H
FDA 21 CFR: 182.6769; 582.6769; 173.310
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE
CAS DataBase Reference: 10124-56-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is prepared by heating monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) rapidly to a clear melt, which occurs slightly above 625°C.
Rapid chilling of this melt produces a very soluble glass, which is then crushed or milled.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is the salt of metaphosphoric acid having a molecular formula (NaPO3)n, where n ranges from 3 to 10 (for cyclic molecules) or may be much larger (for polymers).
Cyclic molecules have alternate phosphorus and oxygen atoms in the rings and start with trimetaphosphate (NaPO3)3 to at least decametaphosphate.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate may be a polymer where n is between 10 and 20.
Vitreous SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate have a Na2O:P2O5 ratio near unity and are called Graham's salts.
The average number of phosphorus atoms in these vitreous glasses ranges from 25 to infinity.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate or water glass Na6P6O18 is basically the salt of metaphosphoric acid.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is difficult to dissolve.
By mixing SHMP for 1-3 h, a solution of 8-10% can be obtained.
The pH of this solution is about 5. Because of a weak acid reaction, the SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate reacts with cations of bivalent metals forming Na2MeP6O18 or Na4MeP6O18.
In the presence of oxygen, SHMP slowly decomposes into pyrophosphate and orthophosphate.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry, pH adjusting agent, metal ion chelating agents, dispersants, extenders, etc.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a kind of common analytical reagents, water softener, and also used for photonishing and printing.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a water softener, detergent, preservative, cement hardening accelerator, ber dyeing and cleaning agents; Sodium hexametaphosphate can also used for medicine, food, petroleum, printing and dyeing, tanning, and paper industry.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as texturizing agent; emulsiers; stabilizer; chelating agent.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is less frequently for being used alone and is generally used in mixture with pyrophosphate and metaphosphate.
The mixture is mainly used for ham, sausage, surimi such as the tissue improver for water retention, tendering and meat softening.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also be used for prevention of crystallization of canned crab as well as dissolving agent of pectin.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as the water softening agent of boiler water and industrial water (including water for the production of dyes, water for the production of titanium dioxide, water for printing and dyeing, and slurry mixing, water for cleaning color copy of the lm, as well as chemical industrial water and the water for the medicines, reagents production, etc.) as well as the water treatment agent for the industrial cooling water; it can also be used as a corrosion inhibitor, otation agent, dispersant agent, high temperature binding agent, dyeing auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, rust inhibitors, detergent additives and also cement hardening accelerator.
Coated paper production can use it as pulp dispersants in order to improve the penetration capability.
In addition, SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also be apply to the washing utensils and chemical ber in order to remove iron ions of the pulp.
In the oil industry, it can be used for the antirust of the drilling pipe and adjusting the slurry viscosity upon the control of oil drilling.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as the quality improver with various eects of increasing the complex metal ions of food, pH, ionic strength, thereby improving the adhesive capability as well as the water holding ability of food.
China provides that it can be applied to the dairy products, poultry products, ice cream, instant noodles and meat with the maximum permitted amount being 5.0 g/kg; the maximal permitted usage amount in canned food, fruit juice (avored) drinks and vegetable protein drink is 1.0g/kg.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry and applied to canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products, and soy milk.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a multi-purpose sequestrant and is a versatile ingredient to have on hand for your culinary creations.
It is a white, odorless powder used to thicken, emulsify, or add texture to foods, beverages, pet-related goods, and personal care products, and its additionally used in certain methods of chelation.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be added to an assortment of food, beverage, and personal care applications such as syrups, canned milk, powdered and imitation cheese products, whipped toppings, dips, packaged egg whites and other proteins, jellies, frozen desserts, dressings, cereals, beverages, bath products, cosmetics, pet food, and more.
Additionally, Sodium Hexametaphosphate is an ingredient that is commonly added to fruit juices that contain pulp to help prevent the pulp from settling at the bottom.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) are commonly used as kaolin clay deocculants for the production of these paper coatings.
Kaolin is the predominant pigment used in coatings and the chemical deocculation or dispersion via polyphosphates is an important part of their production process.
The use of polyphosphates results in stable and controlled viscosity.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a mixture of polymeric metaphosphates that is available in granular, glassy or powdered forms in the market.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate has a diverse portfolio of applications that can be explained by its availability in the two dierent grades- technical and food grade.
In its technical grade, it is widely used as a water softener in water treatment plants, metallurgy and construction material industries and petroleum industries as a deocculating agent.
Besides these applications, SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is also used in chemical industries as a oatation agent, dispersing agent, high temperature adhesive and in the production of titanium dioxide.
As a food grade chemical, SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in food and beverage industry as a sequestrant and preservative adjunct in dairy, beverage and other miscellaneous food items.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate the soda solution was first subject to neutralization reaction with phosphate acid at 80~100 ℃ for 2h; the resulting sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution was concentrated by evaporation, cooled and crystallized to obtain sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate and heated to 110~230 ℃ to remove two crystal water; further be subject to heating to remove the structural water; further being heated to 620 ℃ for dehydration to result in the molten sodium metaphosphate and further polymerized into sodium hexametaphosphate, and discharged; apply chilling shock fro 650 ℃ to 60~80 ℃ for flaking, and crush to obtain the hexametaphosphate products.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate put the yellow phosphorus into a steam of dry air for combustion and oxidation, the cooling obtained phosphorus pentoxide is mixed together with soda in certain ratio (Na2O: P2O5 = 1~1.1).
Put the mixed powder in a graphite crucible and heated indirectly to have it dehydrated and agglomerated, the resulting sodium hexametaphosphate is subject to flaking upon chilling shock and pulverized to obtain industrial hexametaphosphate products.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate class consists of several amorphous, water soluble polyphosphates composed of linear chains of metaphosphate units, (NaPO3)x where x ≥ 2, terminated by Na2PO4- groups.
Uses:
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as the quality improver with various effects of increasing the complex metal ions of food, pH, ionic strength, thereby improving the adhesive capability as well as the water holding ability of food. China provides that it can be applied to the dairy products, poultry products, ice cream, instant noodles and meat with the maximum permitted amount being 5.0 g/kg; the maximal permitted usage amount in canned food, fruit juice (flavored) drinks and vegetable protein drink is 1.0g/kg.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry and applied to canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products, and soy milk.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as Ph adjusting agent, metal ion chelate agent, adhesive and bulking agents. When being applied to beans and canned fruits and vegetables, it can be stabilize the natural pigment and protect the food color and lustre; when being used in canned meat, it can be used for preventing the emulsification of the fat and maintaining its uniform texture; when being applied to meat, it can be used to increase the water holding capacity and prevent the deterioration of fat in the meat.
It can also help to clarify the wine when being supplied to beer and further prevent turbidity.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as a sequestrant and has applications within a wide variety of industries, including as a food additive in which it is used under the E number E452i.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is sometimes added to SHMP to raise the pH to 8.0–8.6, which produces a number of SHMP products used for water softening and detergents.
A significant use for SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is also used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types for soil texture assessment.
It is used as an active ingredient in toothpastes as an anti-staining and tartar prevention ingredient.
For industrial use, such as oil field, paper-making, textile, dyeing, petrochemical industry,tanning industry, metallurgical industry and building material industry, It is mainly used as a water sortening agent in solution for printing, dyeing ,and boiler; Diffusant in papermersing medium, high temperature agglomerant,detergent and soil analytical chemistry reagent,
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a chelating agent and a corrosion inhibitor. This is an inorganic salt.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a sequestrant and moisture binder that is very soluble in water but dissolves slowly.
Solutions have a ph of 7.0. it permits peanuts to be salted in the shell by making it possible for the salt brine to penetrate the peanuts.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate functions as a tenderizer when added to the water used to soak or scald the vegetables prior to canning.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate improves whipping properties in whipping proteins.
It functions as a seques- trant for calcium and magnesium, having the best sequestering power of all the phosphates.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate prevents gel formation in sterilized milk.
It is also termed sodium metaphosphate and graham’s salt.
As a food additive, SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as an emulsifier. Artificial maple syrup, canned milk, cheese powders and dips, imitation cheese, whipped topping, packaged egg whites, roast beef, fish fillets, fruit jelly, frozen desserts, salad dressing, herring, breakfast cereal, ice cream, beer, and bottled drinks, among other foods, can contain SHMP.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in Diamond Crystal brand Bright & Soft Salt Pellets for water softeners in a concentration of 0.03%.
It is the only additive other than sodium chloride.
Improves the texture and shelf life of processed foods (e.g., dairy, meat, and seafood).
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in ceramics, detergents, and as a dispersing agent in drilling mud.
Helps in deflocculation of clay and other particles in suspension.
Found in some toothpaste formulations to prevent tartar buildup.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate sequesters calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, preventing scale buildup in boilers, pipes, and other water systems.
Forms protective films on metal surfaces in cooling and heating systems.
Reduces water hardness, improving its quality for domestic use.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate maintains texture and consistency in processed foods like cheese, milk, and powdered products.
Extends shelf life by controlling moisture levels in meat, seafood, and bakery products.
Prevents discoloration of canned or frozen fruits and vegetables.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate balances acidity in beverages and processed foods.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate enhances cleaning efficiency by preventing the redeposition of dirt.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in industrial and household detergents to prevent scaling on surfaces like glass and ceramics.
Prevents the clumping of solid particles in cleaning formulations.
Acts as a dispersing agent to prevent the clumping of clay particles, improving the quality of ceramic products.
Stabilizes pigments and enhances paint consistency.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in drilling mud formulations to control viscosity and prevent clogs.
Inhibits tartar buildup by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions.
Stabilizes emulsions and adjusts pH levels in skincare and haircare products.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate improves nutrient delivery by chelating metal ions in soil.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate enhances mineral absorption in livestock diets.
Used in dyeing and printing to prevent calcium and magnesium interference, ensuring even coloration.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate prevents the deposition of scale in pulp processing systems.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate acts as a flotation agent in the separation of ores.
Prevents corrosion and scale in metallurgical processes.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry, pH adjusting agent, metal ion chelating agents, dispersants, extenders, etc.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as a kind of common analytical reagents, water softener, and also used for photofinishing and printing.
It can be used as a water softener, detergent, preservative, cement hardening accelerator, fiber dyeing and cleaning agents; it can also used for medicine, food, petroleum, printing and dyeing, tanning, and paper industry.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be used as texturizing agent; emulsifiers; stabilizer; chelating agent.
It is less frequently for being used alone and is generally used in mixture with pyrophosphate and metaphosphate.
The mixture is mainly used for ham, sausage, surimi such as the tissue improver for water retention, tendering and meat softening.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also be used for prevention of crystallization of canned crab as well as dissolving agent of pectin.
It can be used as the water softening agent of boiler water and industrial water (including water for the production of dyes, water for the production of titanium dioxide, water for printing and dyeing, and slurry mixing, water for cleaning color copy of the film, as well as chemical industrial water and the water for the medicines, reagents production, etc.) as well as the water treatment agent for the industrial cooling water; it can also be used as a corrosion inhibitor, flotation agent, dispersant agent, high temperature binding agent, dyeing auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, rust inhibitors, detergent additives and also cement hardening accelerator.
Coated paper production can use SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate as pulp dispersants in order to improve the penetration capability.
In addition, SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate can also be apply to the washing utensils and chemical fiber in order to remove iron ions of the pulp.
In the oil industry, it can be used for the antirust of the drilling pipe and adjusting the slurry viscosity upon the control of oil drilling.
Safety Profile:
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate may cause mild irritation or dryness if touched directly, especially with prolonged exposure.
In sensitive individuals, it could lead to redness or itching.
Can cause irritation, redness, or watering of the eyes.
Direct exposure to large amounts of powder or solution can be more severe.
Small amounts are generally safe (e.g., food-grade SHMP).
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate ingesting large quantities may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Long-term exposure to high concentrations (e.g., occupational settings) may potentially lead to mineral imbalances or kidney effects due to its phosphate content.
Poison by intravenous route.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of PO, and Na2O.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphates are recognized to have low acute oral toxicity.
SHMP Sodium Hexametaphosphate concentrations not exceeding 10,000 mg/L or mg/kg are considered protective levels by the EFSA and USFDA.
Extreme concentrations of this salt may cause acute side effects from excessive blood serum concentrations of sodium, such as: “irregular pulse, bradycardia, and hypocalcemia."
Dust can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, sneezing, or shortness of breath.
Prolonged or repeated inhalation of large amounts may harm the lungs.
