SILVER NITRATE

SILVER NITRATE = Silver(1+) nitrate = Silver mononitrate

CAS No: 7761-88-8
EC Number: 231-853-9
MDL Number: MFCD00003414
Molecular Formula: AgNO3

Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. 
Colourless or white crystals or white cylindrical rods; odourless.
Silver Nitrate is an inorganic compound.
When Silver (Ag) reacts with Nitric Acid (HNO3), the chemical reaction results in the formation of Silver Nitrate.

Silver nitrate appears as a colorless or white crystalline solid becoming black on exposure to light or organic material.
In Silver Nitrates solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. 
Silver Nitrate is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography.
Silver nitrate binds to selective amino acid residues under weakly acidic or neutral pH conditions making it suitable as a stain for identification of proteins. 

Silver nitrate is also utilized in the staining of nucleic acids and glycoconjugates in gels. 
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3. 
The applicator sticks, known as silver nitrate sticks or caustic pencils, contain silver nitrate and potassium nitrate.
Silver nitrate is a natural, inorganic chemical compound with antimicrobial properties that has been used in medical applications since the 13th century. 

Silver nitrate is made in large quantities by dissolving silver in nitric acid. 
Silver Nitrate crystallizes in transparent plates that melt at 212 °C (414 °F). 
The solubility at 20 °C (68 °F) is 222 grams per 100 grams of water. 
Silver Nitrate is moderately soluble in methyl and ethyl alcohols and to a lesser extent in various other organic solvents. 

When heated to about 320° C (608° F), silver nitrate loses oxygen and forms silver nitrite. 
Silver nitrate is a natural, inorganic chemical compound with antimicrobial properties that has been used in medical applications since the 13th century. 
Antiinfective agent.
Silver nitrate should be kept in a tightly closed, non-metallic container, protected from light.

Soluble in 0.5 parts of water; soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS
Even in the absence of light, Silver nitrate is gradually degraded on exposure to a humid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures. 
On exposure to light and in the presence of organic matter, Silver nitrate becomes grey or greyish black.
Silver nitrate contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 100.5% of AgNO3.

Dissolve 20 mg in 1.0 mL of water, add ammonia (~100 g/l) TS, drop by drop, until the precipitate first formed just dissolves; add about 0.1 mL of formaldehyde TS and warm the mixture; glossy metallic silver forms on the wall of the test-tube.
Dissolve 20 mg in 1.0 mL of water and add a few drops of potassium iodide (~80 g/l) TS; a cream-coloured precipitate is produced which is insoluble in ammonia (~100 g/l) TS and nitric acid (~1000 g/l) TS.
Silver Nitrate is a highly water soluble crystalline Silver source for uses compatible with nitrates and lower (acidic) pH. All metallic nitrates are inorganic salts of a given metal cation and the nitrate anion. 

The nitrate anion is a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of a single nitrogen atom ionically bound to three oxygen atoms (Formula: NO3) for a total formula weight of 62.05. 
Silver Nitrate is generally immediately available in most volumes. 
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. 
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3. 

In Silver nitrates solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. 
Silver nitrate was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon.
Silver nitrate is a colorless to transparent to white crystalline solid with no odor and a bitter metallic taste. 
In pure form, Silver nitrate is not affected by light, but trace amounts of organic impurities may catalyze the conversion of silver ions (Ag+; silver atoms with a positive charge) to grayish neutral silver atoms (Ag0) that give the salt a grayish tint. 

Soluble in water, glycerol, and hot ethyl alcohol; moderately soluble in acetone.
In 1835, the British mathematician William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877) made the first permanent paper negative from paper coated with silver nitrate and common table salt (sodium chloride).
The use of silver nitrate in printing and photography dates to discoveries made in the 1720s by the German chemist Johann Schulze (1687–1744). 
That simple discovery formed the basis of the modern science of photography. 

Silver nitrate consists of an ionic bond between the silver cation i.e., Ag+ and the nitrate anion NO−3. 
Due to the ionic nature of silver nitrate, Silver nitrate easily dissolves in water and dissociates into its constituent ions. 
The molar mass of silver nitrate is 169.872 grams per mole.
Silver nitrate is colourless and odourless.

In Silver nitrates solid state, the density of silver nitrate is 4.35 grams per cubic centimetre. 
The density of silver nitrate in the liquid state at a temperature of 210°C is 3.97 g/cm3.
The melting and boiling points of silver nitrate are 482.8 K and 713 K respectively.
Silver nitrate, like other ionic compounds, dissolves readily in water. 

The solubility of silver nitrate in water corresponds to 122g/100mL at 0°C and 256g/100mL at a temperature of 25°C.
The crystal structure of the silver nitrate is orthorhombic.
Silver nitrate has many applications in many fields like biology, chemical synthesis, and medicine. 
Pure silver nitrate crystal is stable to light and is easily to be reduced to black metallic silver in the presence of organic matter. 

Wet silver nitrate and silver nitrate solution can be easily subject to decomposition upon light.  
Silver nitrate can be heated and melt into a light yellow liquid in a porcelain crucible and then condensed into white crystals after being cold.
If you further increase the temperature, then Silver nitrate is gradually decomposed and can generate brown oxide vapor at the same time. 
When electric current passes through the silver nitrate solution, metallic silver is deposited on the negative electrode.

Silver nitrate is easily soluble in ammonia and water, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in acetone, benzene, and almost insoluble in concentrated sulfuric acid.
Silver nitrates aqueous solution was acidic (pH = 5~6). 
Silver nitrate, in the aqueous solution of ammonia, meets glucose and formaldehyde can be reduced to generate "silver mirror." 
Silver nitrate, AgN03, is colorless,transparent,tabular,rhombic crystals that become gray or grayish-black on exposure to light in the presence of organic matter.

Silver nitrate is odorless with a bitter,caustic,metallic taste. 
Silver nitrate is caustic,and a strong oxidizing agent that is soluble in cold water, more soluble in hot water, glycerol,and hot alcohol,slightly soluble in ether,and decomposes at boiling point used in photographic film, silver plating,silvering mirrors,and as an antiseptic.
Silver nitrate crystals are colorless, transparent flakes, becoming gray or grayish-black when exposed to light in the presence of organic material. 
Also, silver nitrate is soluble in water, glycerine and hot alcohol. 

Uses and Applications of Silver(1+) nitrate:
-Silver Nitrate is an inorganic chemical with antiseptic activity. 
-Silver nitrate can potentially be used as a cauterizing or sclerosing agent.
-Silver Nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds. 
-Silver Nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.

-Pure silver nitrate is an intermediate in the preparation of other silver salts, including the colloidal silver compounds used in medicine and the silver halides incorporated into photographic emulsions.
-Silver Nitrate is used as a cauterizing agent and is available as a solution or an applicator stick.
-Silver Nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds. 
-Silver Nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.

-Silver Nitrate is a prescription topical solution used in treating wounds and burns on the skin as an anti-infective agent.
-Silver nitrate, caustic chemical compound, important as an antiseptic, in the industrial preparation of other silver salts, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.
-Applied to the skin and mucous membranes, silver nitrate is used either in stick form as lunar caustic (or caustic pencil) or in solutions of 0.01 percent to 10 percent silver nitrate in water. 
The stick is used for removing warts and granulation tissue and for cauterizing wounds and ulcerations.
-In analytical chemistry, aqueous solutions of silver nitrate are used in the volumetric determination of halides, cyanides, and thiocyanates, as well as for the detection of reducing agents and of the cations of various acids that form insoluble silver salts.

-Silver nitrate imparts different functions of bacteria depending upon Silver nitrates concentration. 
-At lower concentrations, Silver nitrate induces the synthesis of nanoparticles.
-Silver nitrate is used as a cauterizing agent and is available as a solution or an applicator stick.
The applicator sticks, known as silver nitrate sticks or caustic pencils, contain silver nitrate and potassium nitrate. 
-The silver nitrate stick is activated by contact with moisture. 

-When applied to wounds, silver nitrate sticks deliver free silver ions to the tissue that form an eschar as they bind to tissue and obstruct vessels.
-Silver nitrate is the most important silver compound and is used extensively for the manufacture of silver halide photosensitive material.
-Silver nitrate is used as a chemical reagent, in photography, and in medicine especially as an antiseptic and caustic
-Silver nitrate can potentially be used as a cauterizing or sclerosing agent.

-Silver nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.
-Silver nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds. 
-SILVER NITRATE is a solution applied to skin lesions to prevent or treat infection.
-Silver nitrate is the most widely used of all silver compounds, finding application in the synthesis of other silver compounds, as a catalyst in certain industrial chemical reactions, as an antiseptic and germicide, and in photographic processes.

-Silver nitrate is used silver nitrate to make temporary negative prints on paper, producing shades of gray as well as pure black and white. 
-Antibacterial, antiseptic, colorant, binding agent, and Preservative.
-Silver nitrate is a precursor to many other compounds of silver, including the silver compounds that are used in photography. 
-When silver nitrate is compared to silver halides, which are in use in photography because of their sensitivity to light. 

-Silver nitrate is a versatile compound. 
The nitrate ion can easily be replaced by other ligands that bind to the silver ion.
-The ability of silver nitrate to form a precipitate of silver halides when treated with halide ions is in use while making photographic films.
-Many silver-based explosives are prepared with a precipitation reaction of silver nitrate.
-In the field of inorganic chemistry, halides are extracted with the help of silver nitrate.

-The branch of chemistry i.e., analytical chemistry uses this reaction to check for the presence of halide anions like iodide, bromide, or chloride ions.
-Mixtures of alkenes are separated with the help of silver nitrate as the silver cation binds with alkenes in a reversible fashion.
-Silver nitrate serves as an antiseptic in many setups of medical.
-Silver nitrate can be in use for the treatment and the removal of unwanted warts in human beings.

-Photographic Film Production
-Mirror Solution Applications
-Electronic Materials
-Water Treatment

-Medical and wound dressings
-Pesticide products containing silver nitrate as the active ingredient are used in the commercial cut flower industry to prevent premature shrinking or dropping of buds and blooms. 
When cut stems are placed in a dilute solution of silver nitrate, the plants are inhibited from making ethylene, a gas that promotes fruit ripening and aging in plants.
-Silver nitrate can be used as the raw material of the silver salt, photographic materials, preservatives, and catalyst and also used for silvering, mirror production, etc.
-Silver nitrate can be used for analysis reagents.

-Silver nitrate can be used for the manufacture of movie film, X-ray photographic film and other photographic emulsions photosensitive material. 
-In the field of electronics industry, Silver nitrate can be used for the manufacture of conductive adhesives, gas purification agents, as well as silvering of electronic components. 
-Silver nitrate can also be used for the silvering material of mirror production and thermal glass liner, voltage-sharing coat and gloves for electronic work. 
-Silver nitrate can also be used for the silvering of other crafts. 

-Battery industry applied Silver nitrate for the production of silver-zinc battery. 
-In the field of medicine, Silver nitrate can be used for sterilization, corrosive reagent. 
-Daily chemical industry used Silver nitrate for the manufacturing of dyed hair shampoo. 
-Silver nitrate can also be applied to the manufacture of other silver catalyst.

-Silver nitrate can be used for the cyanide-free silver-plating such as being the major salt of thiosulfate silvering, hydrochloric acid silvering, imino ammonium di-sulphonate silvering and sulphosalicylic acid silvering. 
-Silver nitrate is also the source of the silver ion. 
-The content of the silver nitrate has certain effect on the conductivity, dispersion property and sedimentation speed of the silver-plating solution. 
The general usage amount is about 25~50 g/L.
-Silver nitrate (AgNO3), after salicylic acid, is widely used for the treatment of warts. 

-AgNO3 is a highly water-soluble salt, which readily precipitates as AgCl, black in colour, when in contact with the skin. 
The treatment is based on the destruction of the local tissue, and the silver salt is applied via a caustic pen to the affected area. 
-Silver nitrate is a useful chemical for many experiments including halide detection, halogen precipitation, mirror silvering, and metal displacement.
-Laboratory chemical
-Chemical intermediate

-Oxidant
-Photographic chemical: component
-Cosmetic product: dyestuff
-When making photographic film, silver nitrate is treated with halide salts of sodium or potassium to form insoluble silver halide in situ in photographic gelatin, which is then applied to strips of tri-acetate or polyester. 
-Similarly, silver nitrate is used to prepare some silver-based explosives, such as the fulminate, azide, or acetylide, through a precipitation reaction.

Synonyms:
Silver(I) nitrate
Silvernitrate
Alcoholic Silver Nitrate
Silver Nitrate, Silver (2+) Salt (2:1)
Nitric acid silver(I) salt, 
Nitric acid silver (1+) salt
Silver mononitrat
Lunar caustic

Physical State: Solid
Color/Form: Colorless rhombic cyrstals, Transparent large crystals or white small crystals
Appearance: crystalline powder
Taste: Bitter, metallic taste
Odor: Odorless
Physical State :Solid
Storage :Store at room temperature
Melting Point :212° C (lit.)(dec.)
Boiling Point :440° C (dec.)
Density :4.35 g/cm3
pH: 5.4 - 6.4 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Flash point: No information available
Density: 4.35 g/cm3 
Evaporation rate: No information available
Upper flammability limits: No information available
Lower flammability limit: No information available
Vapor pressure: No information available
Vapor density: No information available
Specific gravity: No information available
Water solubility: No information available
Solubility: greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 61° F, 245 g/100 g of water
Partition coefficient: 5
Autoignition temperature: No information available
Decomposition temperature: 212 ° C
Kinematic viscosity: No information available
Explosive properties: No information available
Oxidizing properties: No information available
Molecular Weight: 169.873 g/mol
Bulk density: 2350 kg/m3
Solubility: 2160 g/l

How is silver nitrate prepared?
Silver nitrate is usually prepared by combining silver with nitric acid. 
Common silver objects used in these reactions include silver bullions and silver foils. 
The products formed in this reaction include silver nitrate, water, and nitrogen oxides. 
The by products of this chemical reaction depend on the nitric acid concentration that is used.

Reactions of Silver(1+) nitrate:
Silver nitrate can have precipitation reaction and coordination reaction with a series of reagents.
Silver nitrate can react with hydrogen sulfide to form a black silver sulfide Ag2S precipitate.
Silver nitrate can react with potassium chromate, to form a red-brown silver chromate Ag2CrO4 precipitate.
Silver nitrate can react with disodium hydrogen phosphate to form a yellow silver phosphate Ag3PO4 precipitate.
Silver nitrate can react with halogen ion to form silver halide AgX precipitate.
Silver nitrate can react with alkali to form a brown-black silver oxide Ag2O precipitate.
Silver nitrate can react with NH3, CN-, SCN-, S2O3, etc., to form a variety of complex ions, such as: Ag (NH3) 2OH, Ag [Ag (CN) 2], [Ag (SCN) 2]-, [Ag (S2O3) 2] 3-and so on.
Silver nitrate can react with oxalate ions to form white oxalate ion Ag2C2O4 precipitate.
Silver nitrate is a moderately strong oxidant that can be reduced by a number of moderately strong or strong reducing agent to become elemental silver.

Synthesis of Silver nitrate:
Synthesis method: put the silver bar into the reactor, add distilled water first, followed by adding concentrated nitric acid to make the concentration of nitric acid be about 60% to 65%. 
Control the heating rate to make sure that the reaction was not too fierce. 
Heat to above 100 ℃, maintain the vapor pressure at 0.2 MPa and have the reaction for 2~3 h. 
Release the nitric oxide gas. 
The material liquid was pumped to a storage tank, diluted with distilled water to a relative density of 1.6 to 1.7. 
Cool and stand for 10 h and filter to remove impurities such as AgCl. 
Send the supernatant into an evaporator for being evaporated under reduced pressure at about pH = 1. 
Cool, crystallize and apply vacuum drying to obtain the products.
Ag + 2HNO3 → AgNO3 + H2O + NO2 ↑

Purification Methods of Silver nitrate:
Purify it by recrystallisation from hot water (solubility of AgNO3 in water is 992g/100mL at 100o and 122g/100mL at 0o). 
Silver nitrate has also been purified by crystallisation from hot conductivity water by slow addition of freshly distilled EtOH.  
Before being used as a standard in volumetric analysis, analytical reagent grade AgNO3 should be finely powdered, dried at 120o for 2hours, then cooled in a desiccator. 
Recovery of silver residues as AgNO3 [use protective shield during the whole of this procedure] can be achieved by washing with hot water and adding 16M HNO3 to dissolve the solid. 
Filter this through glass wool and concentrate the filtrate on a steam bath until precipitation commences. 
Cool the solution in an ice-bath and filter the precipitated AgNO3. 
Dry Silver nitrate at 120o for 2hours, then cool Silver nitrate in a desiccator in a vacuum. 
Store Silver nitrate over P2O5 in a vacuum in the dark.

First Aid Measures of Silver nitrate:
-General advice: 
Immediate medical attention is required.
-Eye contact: 
Immediate medical attention is required. 
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes. 
Keep eye wide open while rinsing. 
Do not rub affected area.
-Skin Contact: 
Immediate medical attention is required. 
Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water while removing all contaminated clothes and shoes.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration. 
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
-Ingestion: 
Immediate medical attention is required. 
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Drink plenty of water.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Remove from exposure, lie down.
Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water. 
Call a physician or poison control center immediately.
-Self-protection of the first aider:
Use personal protective equipment as required. 
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.

Fire-fighting Measures of Silver nitrate:
-Extinguishing media:
-Suitable Extinguishing Media: 
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
-Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: None.
Protective equipment and precautions for firefighters:
As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gear.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Accidental release measures of Silver(1+) nitrate: 
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Personal precautions: 
Use personal protective equipment as required. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas. 
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. 
Keep people away from and upwind of spill/leak.
Environmental precautions: 
Do not allow into any sewer, on the ground or into any body of water. 
Should not be released into the environment. 
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Prevent product from entering drains.
Methods for containment:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Methods for cleaning up: 
Clean contaminated surface thoroughly. 
Take up mechanically, placing in appropriate containers for disposal. 
Use personal protective equipment as required. 
Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading and keep powder dry. 
Avoid creating dust.
Dam up. 
After cleaning, flush away traces with water.

Exposure controls/personal protection of Silver(1+) nitrate:
-Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Engineering Controls:
Showers:
Eyewash stations.
Ventilation systems.
Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
-Eye/face protection:
Tight sealing safety goggles. 
Face protection shield.
-Skin and Body Protection: 
Wear protective gloves and protective clothing.
-Respiratory protection: 
If exposure limits are exceeded or irritation is experienced, NIOSH/MSHA approved respiratory protection should be worn. 
Positive-pressure supplied air respirators may be required for high airborne contaminant concentrations. 
Respiratory protection must be provided in accordance with current local regulations.
-General Hygiene Considerations: 
When using do not eat, drink or smoke. 
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. 
Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding stuffs. 
Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. 
Regular cleaning of equipment, work area and clothing is recommended. 
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. 
Take off all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. 
Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.

Disposal of wastes of Silver(1+) nitrate:  
Should not be released into the environment. 
Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and regulations.
Contaminated packaging: Do not reuse container
Other Information:
Waste codes should be assigned by the user based on the application for which the product was used.
Personal protection: 
Complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. 
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. 
Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. 
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. 
Wash away remainder with plenty of water. 
Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. 

Handling and storage of SILVER NITRATE:
Separated from combustible substances and reducing agents. 
See Chemical Dangers. 
Keep in the dark. 
Well closed. 
Store in an area without drain or sewer access. 
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. 
Keep in a tightly closed container, stored in a cool, dry, ventilated area. 
Protect against physical damage and moisture. 
Isolate from any source of heat or ignition. 
Avoid storage on wood floors. 
Separate from incompatibles, combustibles, organic or other readily oxidizable materials. 
Protect from light. 
Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.
Advice on safe handling: 
Use personal protective equipment as required. 
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas. 
Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. 
In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. 
Use only with adequate ventilation and in closed systems. 
Storage Conditions: 
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Keep out of the reach of children. 
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. 
Keep in properly labeled containers. 
Store at room temperature.