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Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na6[(PO3)6]. Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate. They are white solids that dissolve in water.
CAS NO: 68915-31-1
EC NUMBER: 233-343-1
IUPAC NAMES:
disodium [hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
POLYPHOSPHORIC ACIDS, SODIUM SALTS
Polyphosphoric acids, sodium salts
SYNONYMS:
sodium cyclo-hexaphosphate; Calgon S; Glassy sodium; Graham's salt; Hexasodium metaphosphate; Metaphosphoric acid, hexasodium salt; SHMP; Calgon; Phosphate glass; sodyum hekzametafosfat; sodyum heksametafosfat; sodyum hegzametafosfat; sodyum hegsametafosfat; sodium hexa-meta-phosphate; sodıum hexa meta phosphate; water soluble; Polyphosphate sodium salt; SHMP; Sodium polyphosphate; Sodium metaphosphate; Maddrell's salt; Kurrol's salt; Sporix; Metaphosphoric acid, sodium salt; 10361-03-2; Sodium Hexametaphosphate; shmp; SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE; Sodium Kurrol's salt; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt; Poly(sodium metaphosphate); UNII-532IUT7IRV; Sodium phosphate (NaPO3); Polymeric sodium metaphosphate; Sodium metaphosphate (NaPO3); Insoluble metaphosphate; HSDB 5055; EINECS 233-782-9; 532IUT7IRV; Insoluble sodium metaphosphate; Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt, homopolymer; 14550-21-1; sodium phosphenate; EINECS 238-595-6; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt (1:1); 50813-16-6; LS-89897; HYPOPHOSPHORIC ACID,SODIUM SALT (1:4); Q4291659; SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE 98+% FOR ANALYTICAL PURPOSE;Hexasodium salt, Calgon, Calgon S, Hexasodium metaphosphate, Metaphosphoric acid (H6P6O18), hexasodium salt, Metaphosphoric acid,Sodium metaphosphate (Na6(PO3)6), Sodium phosphate (Na6(PO3)6), Graham's Salt, Sodium Polymetaphosphate
Uses
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as a sequestrant and has applications within a wide variety of industries, including as a food additive in which it is used under the E number E452i. Sodium carbonate is sometimes added to Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) to raise the pH to 8.0–8.6, which produces a number of Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) products used for water softening and detergents.
A significant use for sodium hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles. It is also used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types for soil texture assessment.
It is used as an active ingredient in toothpaste as an anti-staining and tartar prevention ingredient.
The energy drink NOS contains sodium hexametaphosphate.
Food additive
As a food additive, Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as an emulsifier. Artificial maple syrup, canned milk, cheese powders and dips, imitation cheese, whipped topping, packaged egg whites, roast beef, fish fillets, fruit jelly, frozen desserts, salad dressing, herring, breakfast cereal, ice cream, beer, and bottled drinks, among other foods, can contain Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP).
Sodium hexametaphosphate-SHMP is used in industries, oil fields, papermaking, textiles, painting, petroleum, chemistry, metallurgy and building materials etc., for water softening, flotation agent selection, dispersant and high-temperature adhesive, In the food industry, Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as an additive, Nutrient, quality improver, pH regulator, metal ions chelating agent, adhesives and baking powder, etc.
Application:
In industrial water softening systems as the most active water softener with high chelating ability, i.e. forms stable complexes in a shorter time and at lower temperatures (20-40 ° C) than sodium tripolyphosphate and other phosphates. The advantages also include lower caking during storage, anti-corrosion properties, the ability to reduce iron oxide and copper scale formation on the internal heating surfaces of boilers. The use of sodium polyphosphate allows increasing the service life of pipelines and filters due to its anti-corrosion properties; in the chemical industry, as a salt inhibitor, as a component of detergents; in the textile industry, to prevent the formation of calcium salts on fabrics; in the oil industry, in drill technological processes; ceramics industry as a softener and dilution of wells when filtering slurries and solutions; in the pulp and paper industry, it is involved in a variety of papermaking processes.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a glassy transparent or white powder, hygroscopic - it has good adsorption and dispersing properties in air.
properties used as a wetting agent in paints and varnishes, plasters and putties Sodium hexametaphosphate is a free-flowing white or slightly greenish powder. Differs in good solubility in water and the ability to form soluble complexes with calcium, magnesium, barium and other metals, and also forms a crystalline hydrate of the composition Na6P6O18 • 6H2O. It is the most concentrated phosphate commercially available. Possesses good adsorption and dispersing properties.
Uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate is used as a sequestrant and has applications within a wide variety of industries, including as a food additive in which Sodium hexametaphosphate is used under the E number E452i. Sodium carbonate is sometimes added to SHMP to raise the pH to 8.0–8.6, which produces a number of Sodium hexametaphosphate products used for water softening and detergents.
A significant use for sodium hexametaphosphate is as a deflocculant in the production of clay-based ceramic particles. Sodium hexametaphosphate is also used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types for soil texture assessment.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is used as an active ingredient in toothpaste as an anti-staining and tartar prevention ingredient.
Preparation of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate is prepared by heating monosodium orthophosphate to generate sodium acid pyrophosphate:
Reactions of Sodium hexametaphosphate
SHMP hydrolyzes in aqueous solution, particularly under acidic conditions, to sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium orthophosphate.
History of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Hexametaphosphoric acid was named (but misidentified) in 1849 by the German chemist Theodor Fleitmann. By 1956, chromatographic analysis of hydrolysates of Graham's salt (sodium polyphosphate) indicated the presence of cyclic anions containing more than four phosphate groups; these findings were confirmed in 1961. In 1963, the German chemists Erich Thilo and Ulrich Schülke succeeded in preparing sodium hexametaphosphate by heating anhydrous sodium trimetaphosphate.
General description of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate is an inorganic polyphosphate salt commonly used as a corrosion inhibitor, emulsifying agent and as a tooth whitening agent in dentifrice formulations.
Application of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate has been used as a deflocculant to prepare clay suspensions.
Uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
A salt mixture of metaphosphates
Great for combining with sodium citrate for making cheese sauces
Commonly used as a pH buffer and sequestrant
Cold/hot soluble, free-flowing powder
DESCRIPTION of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP)
100% Pure Food Grade Sodium Hexametaphosphate SHMP (e452i) for use in molecular gastronomy. SHMP is a sequestrant, which allows gelling agents to be hydrated at much lower temperatures. It is the highest performing sequestrant available. And unlike sodium citrate, it has no taste at the concentrations used for gel hydration.
Long-chain polyphosphates are commonly (but incorrectly) called hexametaphosphates. The real hexametaphosphates are ring forming and are not used in process cheese. Sodium hexametaphosphates (SHMP) have a wide range of uses in the food industry, including increasing the water-binding properties of proteins in processed meats, protein precipitation for purification purposes, and prevention of protein sedimentation in sterilized milks. Sodium hexametaphosphates are often used in process cheese manufacture either singly or more commonly in a blend of several types of ES.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) Chemical Properties, Uses, Production
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a kind of sodium metaphosphate polymers. Sodium hexametaphosphate is also known as "polyvinylidene sodium," "sodium multiple metaphosphate", "sodium metaphosphate vitreous body", and "Graham salt". Sodium hexametaphosphate is a colourless transparent glass-like solid or white powder with greater solubility but a low dissolving rate in water. Its aqueous solution exhibits acidic property. Its complex of the divalent metal ion is relatively more stable than the complexes of monovalent metal ion. Sodium hexametaphosphate can easily be hydrolyzed to orthophosphate in warm water, acid or alkali solution. Hexametaphosphate has a relative strong hygroscopicity with being sticky after absorbing moisture. For certain metal ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium, etc.), it has the ability to form soluble complexes and thus being able to be used for demineralizing water. Sodium hexametaphosphate can also precipitate with lead and silver ions with precipitate being re-dissolved in an excess amount of sodium hexametaphosphate solution to form a complex salt. Its barium salt can also form complexes with sodium hexametaphosphate. Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a kind of highly efficient water softener of power stations, rolling stock boiler water; as a detergent additive, as corrosion-controlling or anti-corrosion agents; as cement hardening accelerator; as streptomycin purification agent, and the cleaning agent of textile industry and dyeing industry. Sodium hexametaphosphate can also be used as a kind of sedative drug, preservative, stabilizer, and fruit juice precipitant in the food industry. In the oil industry, it is used for control of drilling pipe rust and adjusting the viscosity of oil drilling mud. Sodium hexametaphosphate also has applications in fabric dyeing, tanning, paper, colour film, soil analysis, radiation chemistry and analytical chemistry and other departments. hexametaphosphate is allowable food additives (water retention agent) for being used for canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products, soy products; it can also be used as a dye dispersant, and water treatment agent.
Chemical Properties of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate is colorless and transparent glass flake or white granular crystals. It is easily soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents.
Uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry, pH adjusting agent, metal ion chelating agents, dispersants, extenders, etc.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a kind of common analytical reagents, water softener, and also used for photofinishing and printing.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a water softener, detergent, preservative, cement hardening accelerator, fiber dyeing and cleaning agents; it can also used for medicine, food, petroleum, printing and dyeing, tanning, and paper industry.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as texturizing agent; emulsifiers; stabilizer; chelating agent. Sodium hexametaphosphate is less frequently for being used alone and is generally used in mixture with pyrophosphate and metaphosphate. The mixture is mainly used for ham, sausage, surimi such as the tissue improver for water retention, tendering and meat softening. It can also be used for prevention of crystallization of canned crab as well as dissolving agent of pectin.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as the water softening agent of boiler water and industrial water (including water for the production of dyes, water for the production of titanium dioxide, water for printing and dyeing, and slurry mixing, water for cleaning color copy of the film, as well as chemical industrial water and the water for the medicines, reagents production, etc.) as well as the water treatment agent for the industrial cooling water; it can also be used as a corrosion inhibitor, flotation agent, dispersant agent, high temperature binding agent, dyeing auxiliaries, metal surface treatment, rust inhibitors, detergent additives and also cement hardening accelerator. Coated paper production can use it as pulp dispersants in order to improve the penetration capability. In addition, it can also be apply to the washing utensils and chemical fiber in order to remove iron ions of the pulp. In the oil industry, it can be used for the antirust of the drilling pipe and adjusting the slurry viscosity upon the control of oil drilling.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as the quality improver with various effects of increasing the complex metal ions of food, pH, ionic strength, thereby improving the adhesive capability as well as the water holding ability of food. China provides that it can be applied to the dairy products, poultry products, ice cream, instant noodles and meat with the maximum permitted amount being 5.0 g/kg; the maximal permitted usage amount in canned food, fruit juice (flavored) drinks and vegetable protein drink is 1.0g/kg.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a food quality improver in food industry and applied to canned food, fruit juice drinks, dairy products, and soy milk. Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as Ph adjusting agent, metal ion chelate agent, adhesive and bulking agents. When being applied to beans and canned fruits and vegetables, it can be stabilize the natural pigment and protect the food color and lustre; when being used in canned meat, it can be used for preventing the emulsification of the fat and maintaining its uniform texture; when being applied to meat, it can be used to increase the water holding capacity and prevent the deterioration of fat in the meat. Sodium hexametaphosphate can also help to clarify the wine when being supplied to beer and further prevent turbidity.
Chemical Properties of Sodium hexametaphosphate
The sodium polyphosphates class consists of several amorphous, water soluble polyphosphates composed of linear chains of metaphosphate units, (NaPO3)x where x ≥ 2, terminated by Na2PO4- groups. They are usually identified by their Na2O/ P2O5 ratio or their P2O5 content. The Na2O/P2O5 ratios vary from about 1.3 for sodium tetrapolyphosphate, where x = approximately 4; through about 1.1 for Graham’s salt, commonly called sodium hexametaphosphate, where x = 13 to 18; to about 1.0 for the higher molecular weight sodium polyphosphates, where x = 20 to 100 or more. The pH of their solution varies from about 3 to 9. For additional details of description, refer to Burdock (1997).
Uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a sequestrant and moisture binder that is very soluble in water but dissolves slowly. solutions have a ph of 7.0. Sodium hexametaphosphate permits peanuts to be salted in the shell by making it possible for the salt brine to penetrate the peanuts. in canned peas and lima beans, Sodium hexametaphosphate functions as a tenderizer when added to the water used to soak or scald the vegetables prior to canning. Sodium hexametaphosphate improves whipping properties in whipping proteins. Sodium hexametaphosphate functions as a seques- trant for calcium and magnesium, having the best sequestering power of all the phosphates. it prevents gel formation in sterilized milk. it is also termed sodium metaphosphate and graham’s salt.
Uses
For industrial use, such as oil field, paper-making, textile, dyeing, petrochemical industry, tanning industry, metallurgical industry and building material industry, It is mainly used as a water softening agent in solution for printing, dyeing, and boiler; Diffusant in papermersing medium, high-temperature agglomerate, detergent and soil analytical chemistry reagent,
sodium hexametaphosphate is a chelating agent and a corrosion inhibitor. This is an inorganic salt.
Preparation of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate is prepared by heating monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) rapidly to a clear melt, which occurs slightly above 625°C. Rapid chilling of this melt produces a very soluble glass, which is then crushed or milled.
Agricultural Uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium metaphosphate is the salt of metaphosphoric acid having a molecular formula (NaPO3)n, where n ranges from 3 to 10 (for cyclic molecules) or may be much larger (for polymers).
Cyclic molecules have alternate phosphorus and oxygen atoms in the rings and start with trimetaphosphate (NaPO3)3 to at least decametaphosphate.
Sodium hexametaphosphate may be a polymer where n is between 10 and 20.
Vitreous sodium phosphates have a Na2O:P2O5 ratio near unity and are called Graham's salts. The average number of phosphorus atoms in these vitreous glasses ranges from 25 to infinity.
Industrial uses of Sodium hexametaphosphate
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) or water glass Na6P6O18 is basically the salt of metaphosphoric acid. Sodium hexametaphosphate is difficult to dissolve. By mixing Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) for 1-3 h, a solution of 8-10% can be obtained. The pH of this solution is about 5. Because of a weak acid reaction, the Sodium hexametaphosphate reacts with cations of bivalent metals forming Na2MeP6O18 or Na4MeP6O18. In the presence of oxygen, Sodium hexametaphosphate slowly decomposes into pyrophosphate and orthophosphate.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is miscible in water but insoluble in organic solvents. This sequestrant, thickener, emulsifier and texturizer is used in a variety of foods. The phosphorus in the additive helps to prevent mineral corrosion (calcium, iron salts, magnesium, etc.).
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a food additive and a softening agent for water and detergents. Sodium hexametaphosphate can also be found in leathers, clays and pigments, and personal care products such as toothpaste.
ALSO KNOWN AS
SHMP; Glassy sodium; Graham's salt; Hexametaphosphate; Hexasodium metaphosphate; Metaphosphoric acid; hexasodium salt
The floatability of scheelite and calcite in the presence of single depressant (SHMP or H3Cit) and mixed depressant (SHMP/H3Cit) was studied by microflotation experiments and artificial mixed mineral experiments. Solution chemical calculation, zeta potential tests, thermodynamic analysis and XPS analysis were used to explain the relevant depressive mechanism. Mixed depressant (SHMP/H3Cit) exhibited excellent selective depressive effect on calcite. The optimal molar ratio of Sodium hexametaphosphate to H3Cit was 1:4. The depressant Sodium hexametaphosphate and H3Cit can be chemically bonded with Ca2+ to form CaHPO4 and Ca3(Cit)2 at pH 8. The CaHPO4 was more easily formed than Ca3(Cit)2 on the mineral surface, which indicated that the depressive effect of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) was stronger than H3Cit. The Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and H3Cit of the mixed depressant were co-adsorbed on the calcite surface, while the H3Cit of the mixed depressant was weakly adsorbed on the scheelite surface. The mixed depressant can significantly improve the separation efficiency of scheelite from calcite.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a clean, non-toxic phosphate that is widely used in the food industry and the chemical industry.
Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used as a chelating reagent for metal ions, an adhesive, and a swelling reagent.
It is also widely used in the mineral processing industry, especially in floatation.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is used as a dispersant and depressant of minerals in flotation. In addition, Sodium hexametaphosphate can be used to depress calcite, but it also has a strong depressive effect on scheelite. The citric acid (H3Cit) is also a clean, non-toxic organic acid and is a tricarboxylic acid compound.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is mainly used in the food industry, chemical industry, textile industry, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Citric acid can be used as a depressant in flotation.
In dolomite flotation, it can be used to depress apatite.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a food additive used in dairy product, canned milk, packaged egg whites, ice cream, seafood and meat processing. It is also used as a sequestrant and water softening agent and detergents. It is an active ingredient in toothpaste as an anti-staining agent. It prevents steel corrosion. Further, it is used in building, water treatment and in photographic development. In addition, it is used as a retarder in dental alginate impression materials and as a thinner for petroleum drilling fluids.
This sequestrant, thickener, emulsifier and texturizer is used in a variety of foods.
The phosphorus in the additive helps to prevent mineral corrosion (calcium, iron salts, magnesium, etc.).
Sodium hexametaphosphate can also be found in leathers, clays and pigments, and personal care products such as toothpaste.
Sodium hexametaphosphate, also known as its abbreviation Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), a polyphosphate commonly used in dairy products, sausage, seafood, meat processing, toothpaste, and also in water treatment
Generally, its purpose in food is as a texturizer, sequestrant, thickener, and emulsifier.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is an inorganic compound of sodium salt and hexaphosphoric acid.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is sometimes called Sodium Polymetaphosphate, which stands for a more correct chemical term, but is rarely used among manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors.
In general, all applications of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) fall into two grades: food grade and industrial/tech grade.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in a variety of food products and is labelled as E452i, although it is generally recognized as safe when applied in foods.
Due to its characteristics of sequestrant, thickener, emulsifier, and texturizer, Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be found in many daily products
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (Food Grade) is in the form of white powder, white fine powder, white granular or colourless piece.
In the food industry, it is used as a sequestrant, quality improver or moisture binding strength in the case of many food treatments.
Applications for Sodium Hexametaphosphate include cheese powders and dips, breakfast cereals, beer and bottled beverages, imitation cheese, frozen dessert, packaged eggs, artificial maple syrup, sausages, seafood and meat processing.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a salt of composition Na6[(PO3)6].
Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is typically a mixture of metaphosphates (empirical formula: NaPO3), of which the hexamer is one, and is usually the compound referred to by this name. Such a mixture is more correctly termed sodium polymetaphosphate. They are white solids that dissolve in water.
Reactions
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) hydrolyzes in aqueous solution, particularly under acidic conditions, to sodium trimetaphosphate and sodium orthophosphate.
When preparing solutions used in the ceramics and enamels industry, it may be necessary to include additives in order to obtain a fluid paste or a well-dispersed solution. So phosphates such as STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) and SHMP (sodium hexametaphosphate) are used as dispersing agents.
One of the most common applications of sodium hexametaphosphate Tech grade is water treatment, where it acts as a sequestrant, water softening, deflocculating, dispersing and antiscale agent.
Basically, it is aimed to prevent steel and mineral corrosion.
A particular case of sodium hexametaphosphate use is the case of when it is added into a boiler compound to settle calcium hardness down in factory boiler waters with high calcium level.
Industrial applications of sodium hexametaphosphate are numerous and some of them appear to be helpful in diverse domains with one and the same property.
Due to its anti-staining and tartar prevention capabilities, sodium hexametaphosphate is successfully used as an active ingredient in toothpaste and other tooth whitening products, and it is also added to dog foods for the same reason.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is used to stabilize the emulsion and to improve corrosion inhibition in the paint and coating industry.
During the production, it acts as a dispersing agent affecting the pigment particles and increasing the protection properties of a product.
This formulation allows the formation of a thin film which is useful in paper making industry and in metallurgy as well.
In addition, Sodium hexametaphosphate can usually be found in detergent formulations and such products as dishwashers, bath salts, and soaps.ü
Sodium Hexametaphosphate, also referred to as E452i, SHMP, Graham's Salt, Sodium Polymetaphosphate, or just Hex, is an additive in a variety of foods and beverages and commonly used for thickening, emulsifying, and adding texture.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is vegan, kosher, and gluten-free.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a multi-purpose sequestrant and is a versatile ingredient to have on hand for your culinary creations.
It is a white, odourless powder used to thicken, emulsify, or add texture to foods, beverages, pet-related goods, and personal care products, and its additionally used in certain methods of chelation. Sodium Hexametaphosphate can be added to an assortment of food, beverage, and personal care applications such as syrups, canned milk, powdered and imitation cheese products, whipped toppings, dips, packaged egg whites and other proteins, jellies, frozen desserts, dressings, cereals, beverages, bath products, cosmetics, pet food, and more.
Additionally, Sodium Hexametaphosphate is an ingredient that is commonly added to fruit juices that contain pulp to help prevent the pulp from settling at the bottom.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a hexamer of composition (NaPO3)6.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a water-soluble polyphosphate glass, which consists of a distribution of polyphosphate chain lengths.
Its high degree of solubility separates it from other sodium phosphates.
Additionally, sodium hexametaphosphate is a mixture of polymeric metaphosphates that are available in glassy, granular, or powdered forms in the marketplace.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is used in a wide range of applications.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is available in two different grades: food grade and technical grade.
Sodium hexametaphosphate of technical grade is widely utilized as a water softener in water treatment plants, construction material companies, petroleum companies (as a deflocculating agent), and metallurgical applications.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is also utilized in the chemical industry as a dispersing agent, floatation agent, and high-temperature adhesive as well as in the production of titanium dioxide.
Sodium hexametaphosphate of food-grade is utilized in the food beverages industry as sequestrate and as a preservative adjunct in beverages, dairy products, and other miscellaneous food items.
What is Sodium Hexametaphosphate?
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a hexamer of sodium phosphate (NaPO3)6. It is a water-soluble polyphosphate that consists of chains of six repeating phosphate units.
What is it Made of?
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a mixture of polymeric metaphosphates, of which the hexamer is one. It is more correctly called sodium polymetaphosphate.
How is it Made?
Sodium hexametaphosphate is an inorganic polyphosphate that can be produced by chemical synthesis. Here introducing three manufacturing process according to various raw materials:
1. Sodium chloride and phosphoric acid
Sodium chloride and phosphoric acid as raw materials mixed evenly and subjected to melt polymerization.
2. Caustic soda and phosphoric acid
Caustic soda liquid reacts with phosphoric acid, and then add sodium nitrate, dewatering and agglomerating process are conducted in an agglomeration gasifier.
3. Monosodium orthophosphate
By heating monosodium orthophosphate to generate sodium acid pyrophosphate and then still heating. The following is the reaction equation
Sodium metaphosphate is to describe polyphosphate with four or more phosphate units. Here Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) has six phosphate units with the chemical formula (NaPO3)6.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a white powder that is water-soluble.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a food additive used as a curing agent, emulsifier and sequestrate.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in cheese, sour creams, yoghurts, ice-creams, whipped topping, artificial maple syrup, packaged egg whites, frozen desserts, gelatin desserts, salad dressing, breakfast cereal, fruit jelly, packaged vegetables, cured meats, roast beef, seafood, fish fillets, herring, milk-based beverages, and in dough and flour mixes.
Sodium hexametaphosphate is primarily used as an emulsifier, texturizer in many foods and as an anti-staining agent in toothpaste.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is a hexamer of composition (NaPO3)6.
Sodium hexametaphosphate of commerce is a mixture of polymeric metaphosphate.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is more correctly termed as polymetaphosphate. It is prepared by melting monosodium orthophosphate followed by rapid cooling.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is white odorless powder which is soluble in water and is hygroscopic.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) acts as a sequestrant, clearing agent, emulsifier, firming agent, flavor enhancer, humectants, nutrient supplement and processing acid.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as a sequestering agent.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in the industry of soap, detergents, water treatment, metal finishing and plating, pulp and paper manufacture, synthesis of polymers, photographic products, textiles, scale removal and agriculture.
The salt forms of phosphate polymers is used as a sequestering agent.
As phosphate polymers themselves are hydrated in water at high temperature or high pH, and thereby revert to a more simple and stable phosphate form, which can no longer sequester metal ions.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate also known as SHMP is a white, odorless solid hexamer.
Uses: Sodium Hexametaphosphate is Food additive, sequestrant in water softening and detergents, an active ingredient in toothpastes and as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soils.
Application:
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can be used in lubricants, paper, textile dyeing, paints, petroleum industry, metallurgy, industrial materials etc.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can also be used as water softener, as selective floatation agent and wetting agent for high temperature adhesives.
In the food industry Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as an additive, quality enhancer, pH regulator, agent for the formation of chemical compounds with metals, liquidation agent etc.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate Water Softener
Sodium hexametaphosphate has the function of forming fixed soluble complexes with metal ions, especially alkali metal ions, which can effectively prevent the precipitation of hardly soluble salts of alkali metal.
At the same time, it can also plat the role of removing the melting boiler and precipitation.
So it is widely used in the softening of various industrial water.
Because sodium hexametaphosphate has a greater complexing capacity for CA++ than other phosphates, it is widely used in industrial sectors that has high requirement of water quality, such as, electrolytic industry, boiler water for power stations and textile industry.
Applications
Detergents and cleaners
Titanium dioxide production
Water treatment formulations
Food additive (nourishing, sequestration, quality improvement, leavening, preservation, texturization, thickening, emulsification, etc.)
Water softening
Others
End-use industries
Food and beverage
Chemical
Paper
Petroleum
Others
The Role of Sodium Hexametaphosphate Uses in Paint
Coatings are usually based on resin, oil or emulsion, add some additives in it and use organic solvents or water to prepare viscous liquid.
Additives in the paint can improve the appearance and performance of the coating, such as, color brightness, light transmittance, mildew resistance, uniform dispersion, adhesion, etc
Sodium hexametaphosphate as a dispersing agent is an important paint additive.
The Role of Sodium Hexametaphosphate As A Dispersant in Paint
Sodium hexametaphosphate is a kind of polyphosphate with indeterminate composition.
Its anion has a high molecular weight.
Generally, it contains 30-90 genes and forms a long chain.
Due to its property, it will become viscous after absorbing water.
Due to the addition of water glass and other alkaline substances in the paint, its PH value is 10-10.5, that is, the concentration of OH- ions in the paint is large, which can help the further decomposition of H3PO4 and also promote the conversion of Sodium hexametaphosphate to orthophosphate.
Moreover, the phosphate at this time will undergo condensation of multiple functional groups, especially the molecular groups of sodium hexametaphosphate will undergo condensation at high temperatures, and the molecular groups after condensation will combine with the three-dimensional network bentonite molecular groups in the paint.
Thus, Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) chemical can effectively play the role of bonding.
As the content of sodium hexametaphosphate increases, the effect on brushability becomes more obvious.
When the amount of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) chemical is 2%, the paint is thinner with good fluidity. However, after the paint is painted, there are obvious flow marks, and the effect is poor.
When the content of sodium hexametaphosphate in the paint rises to about 6%, the paint will become viscous.
After brushing, the paint will automatically level without leaving a trace for a period of time.
The dripping property of the paint with the content of sodium hexametaphosphate is very low, and the painted paint can maintain its inherent shape under the action of gravity.
Of course, the content of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) chemical used in paint and coatings depends on the specific paint type.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate Antiscalant
Scale inhibitor refers to a class of agents that have the ability to disperse insoluble inorganic salts in water, prevent or interfere with the precipitation and scale function of insoluble inorganic salts on the surface of metals, as well as maintain good heat transfer effects for metal equipment.
Anti-corrosion and scale inhibitors for cold-exchange equipment are based on epoxy resin and specific amino resins, and adding appropriate amounts of various rust and corrosion inhibitors. It has excellent properties of shielding, impermeability, rust resistance, good scale resistance, thermal conductivity, as well as excellent resistance to weak acid, strong alkalis, organic solvents and other properties. Its adhesion is strong and the desert layer is bright, flexible, dense and hard.
The mechanism of the corrosion and scale inhibitor is divided into complexation and solubilization, lattice distortion, electrostatic repulsion.
Complexation and solubilization action is that the copolymer dissolves in water and then ionizes, which can form a negative molecular chain.
It forms a water-soluble complex or chelate with Ca2+, thus increasing the solubility of inorganic salt and playing a role in scale inhibitor.
The effect of lattice distortion is that local functional groups in the molecule occupy a certain position on the crystal nucleus or microcrystal of the inorganic salt, hindering and destroying the normal growth of inorganic salt crystal, slowing the growth rate of crystal, thereby reducing salt scale formation.
The electrostatic repulsion effect is that the copolymer dissolves in water and adsorbs on the crystallites of the inorganic salt, which increases the repulsive force between the particles, hinders their agglomeration, and keeps them in a good dispersed state, thereby avoiding or reducing the formation of scale.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate Corrosion Inhibitor
Sodium hexametaphosphate has two functions in metal corrosion inhibitors.
First, it can slow down the corrosion of metal materials.
Second, it can maintain the physical and mechanical properties of metal.
The characteristics of polyphosphates is that phosphorus-oxygen bond can hydrolyze to produce orthophosphate ion, which is an anodic corrosion inhibitor.
When the quantity of phosphate ion is insufficient, local corrosion is easy to occur.
The greater harm is when the content of calcium ions in water is high, and the phosphate ions produced by hydrolysis are easy to form difficult calcium iodate precipitation.
Precipitation corrosion inhibitors are often refered to safe corrosion inhibitors.
Even the amount isn’t insufficient, it won’t increase metal corrosion.
The adsorption mechanism of industrial sodium hexametaphosphate corrosion inhibitor is that the inhibitor has an adsorption effect on the metal surface and it will form an adsorption film on the metal surface, thereby generating the corrosion inhibition effect.
The Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) has the functions of both corrosion and scale inhibition.
The amount of sodium hexametaphosphate uses in water treatment is less, which won’t change the property of the corrosive medium and it doesn’t require other special equipment and surface treatment. This is why Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) chemical is common used in water treatment.
Appearance
It is a colourless or white, transparent platelets, granular, or powder.
Stability
A glassy phosphate with strong absorption ability and easy to hydrolyze to orthophosphate in warm water, acidic or alkaline solution.
PH
5.8-6.5
PH is related to P2O5 content, with lower P2O5 content corresponding to higher pH.
Solubility
Freely soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents
What are the Uses?
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can be used in food and beverage, personal care products, water treatment, and other industrial uses.
Available in granular, glassy or powdered forms in the market. Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) exists food grade and technical grade in the market.
Food
Generally, it is a multi-functional ingredient that can work as a texturizer, PH regulator, metal ions chelating agent, binder, bulking agent and etc.
Food grade Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can be used as a cross-linking agent to react with starch to produce modified food starch by increasing starch molecular weight and stabilize the starch structure.
It is also commonly used with other sodium phosphates in the processing of fish, shellfish and other aquatic products as a water-retaining agent and quality or taste improver. Plus, we can also find it as an emulsifying salt in process cheese.
Let’s see its two common food applications.
Beverage
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used in a variety of beverage products. It extends shelf life, enhances flavor, and also improves clarity and prevents turbidity, such as in fruit juices and carbonated beverages.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can also stabilize the protein and enhance flavor in a protein drink.
Canned food
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) stabilizes natural pigments in canned beans, fruits and vegetables, and therefore protect its color.
Also, Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can emulsify fat in canned meat, resulting in maintaining uniform texture.
Food grade Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) can also be used with other sodium phosphates to retain moisture, enhance flavor, and increase shelf life in the processing of meats, cheese, dairy products, seafood, and poultry.
Cosmetics
Per the “European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients”, Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) functions as anticorrosive, chelating and masking agents in cosmetic and personal care products. (4)
We can find the following personal care products with Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and its functions:
Bath salts: soften the water and adjust pH.
Toothpastes and Mouthwashes: remove calcium from stains on teeth.
Water treatment
The technical grade of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is mainly used in water treatment as a sequestrant. It can reduce formation, corrosion, lead/copper leaching, and biofilm formation in pipes and other equipment. (5) And it can chelate certain metal oxides, such as Ca, and Mg.
Others
It is also used in other industrial applications, including clay processing (as a deflocculant), drilling fluids, and cleaning products.
Is Sodium Hexametaphosphate Safe to Eat?
Yes, its safety when used as a food additive has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), as well as other authorities.
FDA
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is permitted to use as a flavoring agent or adjuvant in fruit jellies, cheese, frozen desserts and food dressing.
It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a sequestrant in accordance with good manufacturing practice. (8)
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) (E 452i) is a subclass of polyphosphates (E452) and classified in “additives other than colours and sweeteners”.
It is approved as a food additive in the European Union (EU) in accordance with Annex II of Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 on food additives and specific purity criteria have been defined in the Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012. (9)
Safety re-evaluation in 2019
EFSA derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) for phosphates expressed as phosphorus of 40 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day and concluded that this ADI is protective for the human population. (10)
Uses
It is permitted to use in almost all categories of foods with the maximum level 10,000 mg/l or mg/kg and the following foods may contain with it (11):
Used in a wide variety of applications. Water treatment, Water softening, Tie Dye, detergents.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as a sequestrant and has applications in a variety of ways. Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is used as a water softening agent, in detergents, used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types. which is very effective, since Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is very effective on grease and greasy soil. It helps clean and stops the greasy soil from redepositing on fabric.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) prevents flocculation, or the combining of suspended matter into aggregates large enough for gravity to accelerate their settling out.
Divalent and trivalent cations such as sodium hexametaphosphate are used in water solutions to facilitate flocculation of insoluble particles in suspension, especially colloidal size particles like clay and organic matter that have negative surface charges. Addition of divalent or trivalent cations is frequently used in water treatment to remove a combination of inorganic and organic matter as well as living microscopic organisms through flocculation followed by filtration.
Dispersing agents such as sodium hexametaphosphate are more commonly used in laboratory procedures to sustain suspensions and estimate particle size distribution.
Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is also used to in paints and coatings for keeping pigments dispersed, and in photography where tit is useful preventing spotting of films and photographs.
Other Applications :
• Sodium Hexametaphosphate is commonly found in canned or imitation milk, cheese and syrups as well as in roast beef, fish fillets and beer amongst over beverages.
• Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as a dispersing agent to break down clay and other soil types
• Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used in the production of clay-based ceramic particles.
• Sodium Hexametaphosphate is the active ingredient in toothpastes as an anti-staining and tartar prevention solution.
• Sodium Hexametaphosphate is used as a food additive in canned fruits to stabilise pigments and protect food colour.
Na6P6O18
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is an inorganic polyphosphate salt, typically made up of a mixture of polymeric phosphates.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate allows gelling agents to be hydrated at much lower temperatures and is used under the E number E452i.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate is a multifunctional ingredient used largely in the processed meats, dairy and fish sectors for improved texture and stabilisation.
Sodium carbonate is sometimes added to Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) to raise the pH to 8.0-8.6, which produces a number of Sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) products used for water softening and detergents
Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium Trimetaphosphate and Sodium Hexametaphosphate are all sodium polyphosphates made of repeating units of NaPO3.
Sodium Metaphosphate generally refers to a long chain of NaPO3 units that is not soluble in water, which is why it is sometimes called insoluble metaphosphate.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate has three NaPO3 units, and Sodium Hexametaphosphate has six NaPO3 units.
Both the Trimetaphosphate and the Hexametaphosphate are soluble in water.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodium Metaphosphate, Sodium Trimetaphosphate and Sodium Hexametaphosphate are used in the formulation of makeup foundations, mascara, bath products, and moisturizing and skincare products.
Paints Coatings Polyphosphates are used extensively for their diverse functionality in water based paints and coatings.
Their main applications are in the wetting of pigments and fillers, the breaking down of agglomerates and the stabilization of the pigment suspension.
In water based latex paints, polyphosphates serve as sequestrants, leveling agents and pigment dispersants.
Polyphosphates such as Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) and Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate (TKPP) aid in the wetting and even dispersion of pigments.
Potassium Tripolyphosphate (KTPP), Sodium Potassium Tripolyphosphate (SKTP) and TKPP function as deflocculants, yielding paints with stable viscosities.
Zinc oxide is sometimes added to paint formulations as a mildewcide.
If used, it is important to add polyphosphate to the formulation to prevent gelling.
Paper coatings (fillers) are used to prepare high quality paper which reduces the bleeding of ink and increases the brightness and opacity of the paper.
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP), Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate (TSPP) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) are commonly used as kaolin clay deflocculants for the production of these paper coatings.
Kaolin is the predominant pigment used in coatings and the chemical deflocculation or dispersion via polyphosphates is an important part of their production process.
The use of polyphosphates results in stable and controlled viscosity
