SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE

Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) is an inorganic compound with the formula Na5P3O10. It is the sodium salt of the polyphosphate Penta-anion, which is the conjugate base of triphosphoric acid. It is produced on a large scale as a component of many domestic and industrial products, especially detergents. Environmental problems associated with eutrophication are attributed to its widespread use. Sodium tripolyphosphate is a white powder that is soluble in water. It is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabiliser. This chemical is one of the most widely used and most effective builders in heavy-duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dishwashing detergents. It forms stable hydrates and aids in the manufacture of crisp spray-dried laundry powders. It is used in dairy substitute products milk-based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, and cheese. It is used in water softening and as a peptising agent, emulsifier, and dispersing agent. It is an ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields as a preservative, sequestrant, and texturiser in foods. 

CAS NO: 7758-29-4
EC NUMBER: 231-838-7

IUPAC NAMES: 
diphosphono hydrogen phosphate
pentasodium [oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate
pentasodium bis(phosphonatooxy)phosphinate
pentasodium bis(phosphonooxy)phosphinate
Pentasodium triphosphate
pentasodium triphosphate
Pentasodium triphosphate
pentasodium triphosphate
Pentasodium tripolyphosphate, Sodium tripolyphosphate pentabasic, Sodium triphosphate pentabasic
pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate
Sodium Tri Polyphosphate
Sodium Tri polyphosphate
Sodium Tri Polyphosphate, STPP
Sodium tripoliphosphate
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Sodium tripolyphosphate
Sodium tripolyphosphate
sodium tripolyphosphate
sodium tripolyphosphate ( STPP )
Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt

SYNONYMS: 
Pentasodium triphosphate; sodium tripolyphosphate; polygon; STPP; STP; TPP; Sodium tripolyphosphate; 7758-29-4; Pentasodium triphosphate; Sodium triphosphate; STPP; Thermphos; Armofos; sodyum tripolifosfat; sodiyum tripolifosfat; sodyum tripolifosfate; sodıum trıpolıphosfate; Polygon; Tripoly; PENTASODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; Rhodiaphos LV; Thermphos N; Empiphos stp-D; Thermphos SPR; Triphosphoric acid, pentasodium salt; Thermphos L 50; Caswell No. 799; Poly; Natriumtripolyphosphat [German]; Sodium phosphate (Na5P3O10); Sodium tripolyphosphate, anhydrous; Sodium triphosphate (Na5P3O10); Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10); EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076404; Na5P3O10; S 400; Triphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:5); pentasodium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate; Sodium tripolyphosphate, for analysis; STMP; Trisodium trimetaphosphate; Sodium cyclotriphosphate; Trisodium trimetaphosphate; SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE; Trisodium trimetaphosphate; Trisodium metaphosphate; Cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate; Sodium phosphate ((NaPO3)3); Sodium trimetaphosphate [USAN]; HSDB 5048; Metaphosphoric acid, trisodium salt; Sodium metaphosphate (Na3(P3O9)); EINECS 232-088-3; Trisodium trimetaphosphate (Na3P3O9); Cyclisches trinatriummetaphosphat [German]; Metaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt; Trimetaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), trisodium salt; 1,3,5,2,4,6-Trioxatriphosphorinane, 2,4,6-trihydroxy-, trisodium salt; Cyclicsodiumtrimetaphosphate; Metaphosphoric acid (H3P3O9), sodium salt (1:3); Sodium trimetaphosphate (USAN); Polyrinsan 58; Sodiumtrimetaphosphate; Cyclisches trinatriummetaphosphat; Sodium Tripolyphosphate; trimetaphosphate grade iii trisodium; (Triphosphoric acid alpha,beta,gamma-trisodium)alpha,gamma-anhydride salt; 2,4,6-Tris(sodiooxy)-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphorinane 2,4,6-trioxide; Sodium metaphosphate; Maddrell's salt; Kurrol's salt; Sporix; Metaphosphoric acid, sodium salt; Sodium Kurrol's salt; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt; Poly(sodium metaphosphate); Sodium phosphate (NaPO3); 10361-03-2; Polymeric sodium metaphosphate; Sodium metaphosphate (NaPO3); Insoluble metaphosphate; Insoluble sodium metaphosphate; Sodium metaphosphate, insoluble; SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt, homopolymer; 14550-21-1; sodium phosphenate; Metaphosphoric acid (HPO3), sodium salt (1:1); trisodium metaphosphate; cyclic sodium trimetaphosphate; Sodium phosphate, dibasic (anhydrous); Sodium orthophosphate, secondary; Sodium acid phosphate, anhydrous; DSP; Hydrogen disodium phosphate; Phosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2); EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076403; Sodium monohydrogen phosphate (2:1:1); Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate; CHEBI:34683; Sodium Phosphate dibasic anhydrous; di-Sodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous, USP grade; Monohydrogen Sodium Phosphate; Fleet enema; Potassium Phosphate Monobasic/Sodium Phosphate Dibasic; Sodium phosphate, dibasic, 98%, extra pure, anhydrous; Sodium Tripolyphosphate; Disodiumhydrogenorthophosphate; Sodium phosphate, dibasic, 99+%, for analysis, anhydrous; Sodium phosphate, dibasic, 99+%, ACS reagent, suitable for buffer solutions; Disodiumhydrogenphosphate; ACMC-20al4j; HNa2O4P; sodium hydrogen-phosphate; disodium hydrogen-phosphate; Buffer Salt, pH 6.87; Buffer Salt, pH 7.42; EC 231-448-7; Sorensen's sodium phosphate; di-sodium hydrogen phosphate; phosphoric acid disodium salt; sodium hydrogen orthophosphate; KSC377C3J; Disodium hydrogen monophosphate Natriumtripolyphosphat; Sodium tripolyphosphate, 85%, pure, tech.;  Anhydrous; STPP; Sodium triphosphate pentabasic; Sodium triphosphate; Sodium tripolyphosphate pentabasic

USES
•Agent for soaking up liquid 
•General adhesives and binding agents for a variety of uses
•Adhesion of molecules to a surface
•Relating to agriculture, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops
•Related to animals (but non•veterinary), e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets 
•Products used on crops or related to the growing of crops
•Used to prevent adhesion    
•Agent to prevent the lime formation    
•Spray powder used to make an air gap between printed sheets of paper    
•Related to the maintenance and repair of automobiles, products for cleaning and caring for automobiles (auto shampoo, polish/wax, undercarriage treatment, brake grease) 
•Related to food and beverage service activities
•General bleaching agents, bleaching agents for textiles (unclear if bleaching agents are for consumer or industrial use)
•Related to the building or construction process for buildings or boats (includes activities such as plumbing and electrical work, bricklaying, etc.)
•Related to the building or repair of ships, pleasure boats, or sporting boats
•Bricks or related to bricklaying/masonry    
•Materials used in the building process include flooring, insulation, caulk, tile, wood, glass, etc.
•Flooring materials (carpets, wood, vinyl flooring), or related to flooring such as wax or polish for floors
•Related to cement, concrete, or asphalt materials
•Wall construction materials or wall coverings
•Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc. such as dry cleaning, laundry, soap, window/floor, etc 
•Related to carpets/rugs, the manufacturing of carpets, carpet detergents
•Detergents with a wide variety of applications-Related to dishwashing products (soaps, rinsing agents, softeners, etc.)
•Products or chemicals found or used in drycleaning establishments
•Related to the raising of fur animals, or fur products (such as fur apparel)    
•Furniture, or the manufacturing of furniture (can include chairs and tables, and more general furniture such as mattresses, patio furniture, etc.)
•Laundry products (such as cleaning/washing agents) or laundry facilities
•Manufacturing of or related to machinery, for production of cement or food, air/spacecraft machinery, electrical machinery, etc
•Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles (e.g. softeners, antiwrinkle agents), or the processing/manufacturing of textiles 
•Detergents with a wide variety of applications.
•Fragrances or odour agents can be used in home products (cleaners, laundry products, air fresheners) or similar industrial products.
•General disinfectants/sanitising agents, disinfectants related to drugs, and disinfectants used in drinking water or animal feed.
•Pharmaceutical related.

One of the most widely used and most effective builders in heavy-duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dish-washing detergents. It forms stable hydrates and thus aids in the manufacture of crisp spray-dried laundry powders.

Dairy substitute products: milk-based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, cheese.

In water softening (calcium and magnesium hardness are sequestered from soln without precipitation); peptising agent, emulsifier and dispersing agent, ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields; as a preservative, sequestrant and texturiser in foods.

Industry Uses    
•Adhesives and sealant chemicals
•Adsorbents and absorbents
•Bleaching agents
•Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
•Detergents
•Dyes
•Fillers
•Intermediates
•Machinery
•Plating agents and surface treating agents
•Processing aids, not otherwise listed
•Processing aids specific to petroleum production
•Solids separation agents
•Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
•Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
•Surface active agents
•used as an emulsifier, water softener
•used in industrial cleaners

Physical Description    
Dry powder; PelletsLargeCrystals; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals
White, slightly hygroscopic granules or powder
WHITE CRYSTALS OR POWDER.

Consumer Uses
•Adhesives and sealants
•Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
•Automotive care products
•Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
•Cleaning and furnishing care products
•Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
•Ink, toner, and colourant products
•Laundry and dishwashing products
•Metal products not covered elsewhere
•Non-TSCA use
•Photographic supplies, film, and photo chemicals
•Water treatment products
•industrial

Industry Processing Sectors
•Adhesive manufacturing
•All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
•All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
•Construction
•Fabricated metal product manufacturing
•Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
•Machinery manufacturing
•Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
•Miscellaneous manufacturing
•Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
•Primary metal manufacturing
•Services
•Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing
•Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
•Wholesale and retail trade

Preparation and properties
Sodium tripolyphosphate is produced by heating a stoichiometric mixture of disodium phosphate, Na2HPO4, and monosodium phosphate, NaH2PO4, under carefully controlled conditions.
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a colourless salt, which exists both in anhydrous form and as the hexahydrate.

Uses
Detergents
The majority of Sodium tripolyphosphate is consumed as a component of commercial detergents. It serves as a "builder," industrial jargon for a water softener. In hard water (water that contains high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+), detergents are deactivated. Being a highly charged chelating agent, TPP5− binds to dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent.

Food
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a preservative for seafood, meats, poultry, and animal feeds. It is common in food production as E number E451. In foods, Sodium tripolyphosphate is used as an emulsifier and to retain moisture. Many governments regulate the quantities allowed in foods, as it can substantially increase the sale weight of seafood in particular. The United States Food and Drug Administration lists Sodium tripolyphosphate as "GRAS(Generally Recognized As Safe)."

Other uses (hundreds of thousands of tons/year) include ceramics (decrease the viscosity of glazes up to a certain limit), leather tanning, anticaking agents, setting retarders, flame retardants, paper, anticorrosion pigments, textiles, rubber manufacture, fermentation, antifreeze." TPP is used as a polyanion crosslinker in polysaccharide-based drug delivery.

Consumer Uses
Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and textile treatment products and dyes.
Another release to the environment of Sodium Tripolyphosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Widespread uses by professional workers
Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following products: water softeners, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, coating products, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners, metalworking fluids, photo-chemicals, polishes and waxes and polymers.

Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following areas: health services, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and building & construction work.

Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used for the manufacture of metals and fabricated metal products.

Another release to the environment of Sodium Tripolyphosphate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with the minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with the minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and brake fluids).

Formulation or re-packing
Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, paper chemicals and dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of Sodium Tripolyphosphate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites
•Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners, washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, metalworking fluids and textile treatment products and dyes.
•Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used in the following areas: mining and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
•Sodium Tripolyphosphate is used for the manufacture of chemicals, textile, leather or fur, plastic products, metals, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and machinery and vehicles.

Release to the environment of Sodium Tripolyphosphate can occur from industrial use: as a processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with the minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as a processing aid.

Detergent builders
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a kind of excellent detergent additives. The largest amount of detergent in the production process is set, its role has four aspects:
1.The effect of heavy metal ion chelate: heavy metal ions in the process of washing water can combine detergent molecules to form insoluble metal salt, reduce the washing ability, even complete loss of function. Therefore, it is necessary to add a chelating agent, which can make water containing heavy metal ions into harmless substances in the detergent. Sodium tripolyphosphate has strong chelation for heavy metal ions, sealing them and eliminating the adverse effects on the washing. In addition, it can capture dirt contained in various metals in the washing process, playing the role of dissociation of dirt, used as a soap synergist and preventing bar soap grease precipitation and bloom.
2. The dirt on his gum, emulsifying and dispersing effect: Dirt often contain body fluids (mainly protein and fat-like substances), also contains the sand from the outside world, dust etc.. Sodium tripolyphosphate has the expansion, solubilisation on dirt protein, and the effect of the glue solution; emulsification of fat promotes; has dispersing impact on solid dirt, strong emulsification of lubricating oil and fat, can be used to adjust the pH value of liquid buffer soap.
3. Prevents caking of detergent: Synthetic detergent powder is hygroscopic, such as stored in high humidity areas, it is necessary to the caking phenomenon. Using detergent agglomerates is inconvenient. While the water absorption of sodium tripolyphosphate formed the hexahydrate, with characteristics of dry. When there is extensive use of detergent formulations, it can serve to prevent caking phenomenon caused by moisture absorption, keeping dry granular of the synthetic detergent.
4. It has a larger buffer alkaline washing solution. PH value is maintained at about 9.4, which is conducive to the removal of acidic dirt.

Chemical Properties    
Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a white powder soluble in water. Its water solution is alkaline. It is a crystalline inorganic salt that can exist in two anhydrous crystalline forms (phase I and phase II) or a hydrous form (Na5P3O10 . 6H2O). Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is used in a large variety of household cleaning products, mainly as a builder, but also in human foodstuffs, animal feeds, industrial cleaning processes and ceramics manufacture.

USES
1. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used for meat processing, synthetic detergent formulations, textile dyeing, also used as dispersing agent, solvent etc.
2. It is used as soft water, also used in confectionery industry.
3. It is used as power stations, locomotive vehicle, boiler and a fertilizer plant cooling water treatment, water softener. It has strong ability to Ca2+ collaterals, per 100g to complex 19.5g calcium , and because SHMP chelation and adsorption dispersion destroyed the normal process of calcium phosphate crystal growth, it prevents the formation of calcium phosphate scale. Dosage is 0.5 mg/L, prevent that scaling rate is up to 95%~100%.
4. Modifier, emulsifier, buffer, a chelating agent, stabilizer. Mainly for canned ham tenderization; canned broad beans in the Yuba softening. Can also be used as soft water, pH regulator and thickening agent.
5. It is used as a synergist for soap and preventing bar soap grease precipitation and bloom. It has strong emulsification of lubricating oil and fat. It can be used for adjusting the value of pH of buffer liquid soap. Industrial water softener. Pre tanning agent. Dyeing auxiliaries. Paint, kaolin, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, such as industrial in the preparation of suspensions of dispersant. Drilling mud dispersant. In the paper industry used as anti-oil agents.
6. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used for detergents. As additives, synergist for soap and preventing bar soap crystallization and bloom, industrial water soft water, pre-tanning agent, dyeing auxiliaries, well-digging mud control agent, paper with oil on preventing agent, paint, kaolin, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, such as hanging floating fluid treatment effective dispersant. Food grade sodium tripolyphosphate as a variety of meat products, food improver, the clarification of the beverage additives.
7. Quality improver to improve food complexed metal ions, pH value, increasing ionic strength, thereby improving food focus and water holding capacity. Provision of China can be used for dairy products, fish products, poultry products, ice cream and instant noodles, the maximum dose is 5.0g/kg; in canned, maximum use juice (taste) beverages and vegetable protein beverage is 1.0g/kg.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a binder, stabilizer, and sequestrant that is mildly alkaline, with a pH of 10, and moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15g in 100ml of water at 25°C. It is used to improve the whipping properties of egg-containing angel food cake mix and meringues. It reduces gelling of juices and canned ham and tenderizes canned peas and lima beans. It is a moisture binder in cured pork and protects against discolouration and reduces shrinkage in sausage products. In algin desserts, it functions as a calcium sequestrant. Sodium tripolyphosphate is also termed pentasodium tripolyphosphate and sodium triphosphate.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a colourless salt, which exists both in anhydrous form and as the hexahydrate. The anion can be described as the pentatonic chain [O3POP(O)2OPO3]5−. Many related di-, tri-, and polyphosphates are known including the cyclic triphosphate P3O93−. Sodium tripolyphosphate binds strongly to metal cations as both a bidentate and tridentate chelating agent.

What Is the Usage of Sodium Tripolyphosphate?
Sodium tripolyphosphate, also known as pentasodium triphosphate, pentasodium tripolyphosphate or sodium triphosphate, is used in a wide range of applications in the manufacture of cleaning products and food preservatives as well as in water treatment facilities.

Manufacture of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)
Sodium tripolyphosphate is a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid. Sodium tripolyphosphate is manufactured in chemical laboratories by mixing disodium phosphate and monosodium phosphate.

A Powerful Cleaning Agent
Sodium tripolyphosphate is used in a variety of cleaning products. It improves the ability of various ingredients in the detergent to penetrate the fibers of clothes (as well as other surfaces and materials to be cleaned) more deeply, and aids in foaming and bubbling. Therefore, most chemical plants that make sodium tripolyphosphate list "detergents" as the primary area of use for this chemical.

Food Additive
Sodium tripolyphosphate also gives a fresh appearance to meat and seafood while slowing down spoilage. The chemical helps to preserve the natural colour of meat and fish and improves their texture. This is done by improving the water-holding capacity of animal products and consequently slowing down their drying

Tanning Agent for Leather
Sodium tripolyphosphate is listed as a tanning agent for leather. Interestingly, the chemical is also used as an oil contamination resistance agent in paper production. So, Sodium tripolyphosphate can both help manufacturers apply the right colour to a medium as well as keep the unwanted colour away.

Other Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)
Other uses of sodium tripolyphosphate include petroleum refining, metallurgy, mine applications and water treatment. The last application is made possible by its pH buffering ability, meaning that it can "soften" acidic water by neutralizing its acidity. This quality is one of the reasons it is added to detergents.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is an alkaline salt that will raise the pH of meats and seafood, enough to increase their water-holding capacity. 

Culinary Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate
Sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a preservative for poultry, meat, and seafood. Sodium tripolyphosphate is also added, along with other sodium polyphosphates, to processed cheeses as an emulsifier. Polyphosphates are negatively charged chains of phosphorus and oxygen that attract water molecules. When added to the cheese, they remove calcium from the casein matrix and also bind themselves to the casein while bringing moisture with them. The effect is that the polyphosphates loosen the protein matrix helping keep the mixture emulsified and ensure even melting. This applies to other uses such as force-meats: Sodium tripolyphosphate will help prevent the poultry, fish, or meat from becoming greasy and falling apart during heating.

Preparation Tips of Sodium tripolyphosphate
Careful not to add too much Sodium tripolyphosphate, as many find its taste very harsh in high quantities.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a solid inorganic compound used in a large variety of household cleaning products, mainly as a builder, but also in human foodstuffs, animal feeds, industrial cleaning processes and ceramics manufacture.
Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is widely used in regular and compact laundry detergents (powder, liquid, gel, tablets), automatic dishwashing detergents (powder, liquid, gel, tablets), toilet cleaners, and surface cleaners, and provides a number of functions including sequestration of “water hardness” enabling surfactants to function effectively, pH buffering, dirt emulsification and prevention of deposition, hydrolysis of grease, and dissolving-dispersing dirt particles

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is a useful component of several types of detergent compositions, to which it contributes sequestering, deflocculating, and alkaline buffering action.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is the most widely used builder and, in conjunction with surfactants, allows modern detergents to perform efficiently in all washing conditions, allowing the use of other essential ingredients to be minimised.
STTP also plays a number of other roles in detergents including maintaining alkalinity during washing (assists the removal of fatty soils), protecting the washing machine against corrosion, helping to suspend dirt in the wash water and prevent it redepositing on fabrics.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) — is widely used as a component for the production of synthetic detergents, water treatment, as well as in ceramic, paint, varnish and other industries

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is an alkaline salt that will raise the pH of meats and seafood, enough to increase their water-holding capacity.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a solid, inorganic compound present in the form of slightly hygroscopic granules.
The stable form of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) is the hexahydrated salt.

Use Applications
In household cleaning products, sodium tripolyphosphate is used most widely as builder.
In conjunction with surfactants, it allows detergents to perform efficiently in all washing conditions.
It is widely used in laundry detergents, dishwasher detergents, industrial and institutional detergents.
Household cleaning applications are estimated by industry to account for 90-95% of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) use in Europe.

Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) fulfils several important functions in detergents:
•Sodium tripolyphosphate inhibits the effects of calcium and magnesium salts present in hard water and in soils by sequestering these ions.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate re-dissolves calcium and magnesium compounds present in the washing machine from previous washes.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate prevents the deposit of calcium and magnesium incrustations on the washing machine’s heating elements.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate avoids re-deposition of dirt and incrustations on fabrics
•Sodium tripolyphosphate stabilises alkalinity at the correct level throughout the washing process.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate helps break up large particles of dirt into smaller ones, which can be washed out.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate hydrolyses grease and oils, facilitating their removal in the washing process
•Sodium tripolyphosphate helps the efficient manufacture, storage and use of detergents by stabilising their physical properties.
•Sodium tripolyphosphate facilitates the dissolving of detergents.

Environmental effects of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STTP)
Because it is very water-soluble, Sodium tripolyphosphate is not significantly removed by wastewater treatment. Sodium tripolyphosphate hydrolyses to phosphate, which is be assimilated into the natural phosphorus cycle. Detergents containing phosphorus contribute to the eutrophication of many freshwaters.

With prolonged heating of sodium tripolyphosphate soln, it tends to revert to the orthophosphate.

Uses of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)
Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a multiple purpose food substance in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with a good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with a good manufacturing practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate used as a general-purpose food additive in animal drugs feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Sodium tripolyphosphate is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or another technical effect in food and any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient.

IDENTIFICATION AND USE of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP): 

Pentasodium tripolyphosphate is a white powder that is soluble in water. Sodium tripolyphosphate is used as a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer. This chemical is one of the most widely used and most effective builders in heavy-duty fabric washing compositions. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive application in automatic dishwashing detergents. Sodium tripolyphosphate forms stable hydrates and aids in the manufacture of crisp spray-dried laundry powders. It is used in dairy substitute products: milk-based pudding, whipped topping, sour cream, and cheese. It is used in water softening and as a peptizing agent; emulsifier and dispersing agent, it is an ingredient of cleansers in drilling fluids to control mud viscosity in oil fields; as a preservative, sequestrant, and as a texturizer in foods. The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products used in the United States. 

STPP with a high rate of hydration is preferable to use on modern equipment due to a shorter period of reaction with water, which is required for powerful high-speed mixers. On other equipment, it is recommended to use STPP with a medium and/or low rate of hydration, which avoids the formation of lumps in the detergent slurry.

Methods of production of Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP)

1. recrystallization
The industrial sodium tripolyphosphate dissolved in 60~70℃, water solution prepared from 17% to 22%, and filtered to remove the insoluble impurities; and then concentrated by vacuum, cooling crystallization, separation, drying to obtain the product.
Hot phosphoric acid in two steps
In neutralization tank with the consumption of soda ash and food-grade phosphoric acid with 50%~60% solution, neutralizing liquid into the intermediate storage tank, pump sent to the spray drying tower for spray drying; powder sent to rotary polymerization furnace, heating to 540~580 ℃ and dehydration polymerization, in air cooling collapse into powder. In an aqueous solution of anhydrous ethanol, precipitates six water.
5Na2CO3 +6H3PO4→4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4 +5CO2+5H2O
4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10 +4H2O

2. Two-step thermal process of phosphoric acid will place(55%~60%) phosphate solution via measuring the neutralization tank, heating and the agitator is started under stirring slowly, adding soda ash for neutralization reaction, neutralization tank to maintain 2 molecular hydrogen phosphate disodium on 1 molecular sodium dihydrogen phosphate ratio. The mixed liquid and the high groove into the spray, drying tower, drying and after drying of orthophosphate dry from the tower bottom discharge sent to rotary polymerization furnace, carried away by a gas stove a few dry by the cyclone dust collector to be recycled.

Dry phosphate Is in the furnace and at temperature of 350 to 450℃ polymerization reaction generated sodium tripolyphosphate, after cooling, crushing of refined sodium tripolyphosphate.
5Na2CO3 +6H3PO4→4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4 +5CO2+5H2O
4Na2HPO4 +2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10 +4H2O
Wet process phosphoric acid one step will rock phosphate and sulfate reaction of phosphoric acid and soda ash used in removing fluoride can remove the fluosilicic acid, in the desulfurization tank with barium carbonate to remove sulfate, in order to reduce the sodium sulfate content in phosphoric acid.

Then using sodium carbonate for neutralization. After filtration to a large number of iron, aluminium and other impurities. The fine-tuning, filtering, the income of containing a certain proportion of hydrogen phosphate, sodium and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the evaporator concentrate to comply with requirements of the polymeric material spraying. The slurry sprayed into the rotary polymerization furnace, by hot air spray drying and aggregation After cooling, crushing, sieving of sodium tripolyphosphate product.

Ca5F(PO4)3+5H2SO4+10H2O→3H3PO4+5CaSO4.2H2O+HF
6H3PO4+5Na2CO3→4Na2HPO4+2NaH2PO4+5H2O+5CO2↑
4Na2HPO4+2NaH2PO4→2Na5P3O10+4H2O

3. Hydrogen phosphate disodium salt and sodium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed and heated to 110℃dehydration and continue heating to 540~580℃, dehydration and stable particle type; as heating to 620 ℃, melting cooling to 550 ℃, then cooled in the air, is disintegrated into the powder type. Ethanol in water solution to get six water.

4. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate method will put dihydrogen phosphate adding polymerizer, heating to 700 ℃, dehydrated 15~30min. Then quenched in cold water and processing.

Phosphoric anhydride method
After yellow phosphorus is a fused heating tank, enters the combustion furnace, oxidised of phosphorus and precipitation. Cools, remove phosphoric anhydride (P2O5). Phosphoric anhydride and sodium carbonate according to 1: 0.8 (mol) cool in a blender mixing into a graphite crucible. In 750 to 800 ℃ for indirect heating, dehydration after polymerization to get six partial sodium phosphate melt. Put it into the intraday quench cooling, and get the glass and transparent sodium hexametaphosphate.

Chemical Properties
white or colourless crystals, granules or powder

Sodium tripolyphosphate can be found in fast food, deli meat, processed meat, canned tuna, baked goods, and other manufactured foods. It serves a variety of functions:

It thickens food. It stabilizes the texture of processed foods, such as mashed potato mixes.
It cures meat and meat products. It helps to keep deli meats and bacon moist, avoiding spoilage.
It’s a leavening agent. It helps dough rise in commercially prepared cakes and breads and in cake mixes.
It’s an emulsifying agent. It acts as a stabilizer to keep oil and water mixed together in certain types of food, such as processed cheese.
It balances pH levels in processed food. It stabilizes the balance between acidity and alkalinity, extending shelf life and improving taste.

Sodium Tripolyphosphate (also called STPP or E451) is added to dog foods as a preservative and help moist foods retain moisture so that they appear fresher for longer.