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STANNOUS OXALATE

Stannous oxalate is a kind of biological materials or organic compounds that are widely used in life science research.
Stannous oxalate, also known as tin(II) oxalate or tin(2+) oxalate, is an inorganic compound composed of tin in the +2 oxidation state (also called stannous tin) and oxalate anions, with the chemical formula SnC₂O₄. 
Stannous oxalate appears as a fine, pale-colored or white powder that is typically insoluble in water but may be slightly soluble in acidic solutions due to decomposition. 

CAS Number: 814-94-8
Molecular Formula: C2O4Sn
Molecular Weight: 206.73
EINECS Number: 212-414-0

Synonyms: STANNOUS OXALATE, Tin(II) oxalate, 814-94-8, Tin(2+) oxalate, Tin oxalate, Stavelan cinaty, Ethanedioic acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1), Stavelan cinaty [Czech], UNII-SAR72FE8EH, SAR72FE8EH, EINECS 212-414-0, Oxalic acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1), STANNOUS OXALATE [MI], DTXSID1061152, EC 212-414-0, ETHANEDIOIC ACID TIN(2+) SALT (1:1), Oxalic acid, tin(II) salt, DTXCID4048220, Oxalic acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1) (8CI), tin(ii)oxalate, oxalate;tin(2+), Tin II oxalate, C2O4Sn, Oxalic acid tin(II) salt, SCHEMBL28424, SCHEMBL28425, ?(2)-tin(2+) oxalate ion, FT28283, DB-056533, Ethanedioic acid tin(2+) salt;Oxalic acid tin(2+) salt;Tin oxalate (snC2O4), Ethanedioicacid,tin(2+)salt(1:1);ethanedioicacid,tin(2++)salt(1:1);oxalicacid,tin(2+)salt(1:1);stavelancinaty;Fascat 2001;Oxalic Acid Tin(2+) Salt;Tin Oxalate (SnC2O4);Ethanedioic acid, tin salt oxalic acid, tin salt stavelan cinaty

Stannous oxalate is commonly produced through the reaction of a soluble tin(II) salt, such as stannous chloride, with oxalic acid or a soluble oxalate salt under controlled conditions.
Stannous oxalate has gained attention in various fields due to its chemical reactivity and reducing properties, making it useful in analytical chemistry, ceramics, catalysis, and surface treatment processes. 
In ceramics, it may be used as a precursor for tin-based materials or as a source of tin in specific glaze formulations. 

Stannous oxalate reducing behavior makes it applicable in electrochemical processes or in specialized laboratory synthesis where controlled reduction of metal ions is needed.
From a structural perspective, stannous oxalate consists of a tin ion coordinated to one or more oxalate ligands, which may bridge between tin centers depending on the crystalline form, contributing to varied bonding environments and crystal morphologies. 
While it is not as widely used as other tin compounds like stannous chloride or stannous fluoride, stannous oxalate remains relevant in niche industrial and academic applications, particularly when low oxidation state tin and oxalate coordination are required.

Stannous oxalate is classified as a tin(II) coordination compound, where the central tin ion (Sn²⁺) is chelated by the oxalate anion (C₂O₄²⁻), a bidentate ligand that can form stable complexes due to its ability to bind through both oxygen atoms. 
Stannous oxalate exemplifies how transition and post-transition metals interact with organic acid derivatives to form coordination compounds with diverse chemical properties.
Furthermore, because oxalates are known to act as chelating agents and tin(II) ions are sensitive to oxidation, stannous oxalate must often be stored under inert or low-oxygen conditions to prevent degradation into tin(IV) species, which are chemically distinct and less reactive in the same applications.

Melting point: 280°C (dec.)
Boiling point: 413.5℃ [at 101,325 Pa]
Density: 3.56 g/cm³
Vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature
Solubility: 0.5 g/l
Form: Powder
pKa: 0 [at 20 ℃]
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 3.56
Water Solubility: Soluble in dilute HCl. Insoluble in water. Soluble in acids. Insoluble in water and acetone.
Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 3: reacts with aqueous base
Merck: 14,8786
BRN: 3708588
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.1 mg/m³; STEL 0.2 mg/m³ (Skin)
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m³; TWA 0.1 mg/m³
LogP: -4.06 – -0.456 at 20–23℃

Stannous oxalate is a high metal content inorganic tin catalyst that is used in a wide range of esterification reactions. 
Stannous oxalate is an ideal alternative tin chemical for commonly used organotin catalysts such as Stannous oxalate and monobutyltin oxide. 
As an inorganic tin, Stannous Oxalate has a lower toxicity profile compared to organotins in similar applications. 

Stannous oxalate is a tin catalyst supplied as a free-flowing white solid with a narrow particle size distribution range and low moisture content. 
Similar inorganic tin products to Stannous oxalate, REAXIS C129 (Stannous Octoate), and REAXIS C125 (Stannous Neodecanoate).
Although stannous oxalate is not widely used in consumer applications, it is of interest in research and materials science, particularly in the study of thermal decomposition behaviors of metal-organic salts. 

When heated, stannous oxalate undergoes thermal decomposition to produce tin oxide (SnO or SnO₂) and gaseous byproducts like carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, which makes it useful as a precursor for synthesizing tin-based ceramic or catalytic materials.
In inorganic synthesis laboratories, stannous oxalate is sometimes used as a reducing agent, especially under acidic conditions, where the oxalate ion can participate in redox reactions and the Sn²⁺ ion helps reduce other species while being oxidized itself. 

This behavior is beneficial in specific analytical chemistry techniques that rely on precise redox control.
In the semiconductor and photovoltaic industries, there has been growing interest in using tin-based compounds as part of environmentally friendlier alternatives to lead-containing materials.
While stannous oxalate itself is not a major commercial material in this context, it can serve as a low-cost, tin-based source for further chemical modifications or thin-film depositions in experimental applications.

Uses Of Stannous oxalate:
Stannous oxalate is used for dyeing and printing textiles. 
Stannous oxalate acts as a catalyst for the esterification reactions between long chain fatty acids and alcohols and in polymerization reactions. 
It is also used in stannous oral care compositions. 

Further, Stannous oxalate is used in proteomics research.
Stannous oxalate is used as a catalyst in the production of organic esters and plasticizers.
Stannous oxalate is used for dyeing and printing fabrics.

Stannous oxalate is also used in stannous oral care compositions.
Few studies have reported on the use of tin(II) oxalate as an anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries.
Stannous oxalate is primarily used in specialized chemical and materials science applications, where its properties as a tin(II) compound and the presence of the oxalate ligand make it valuable for specific reactions or processes that require a controlled source of tin in the +2 oxidation state. 

One of its notable uses is as a precursor for the preparation of tin oxides, particularly tin(II) oxide (SnO) or tin(IV) oxide (SnO₂), which are important materials in ceramics, gas sensors, transparent conducting films, and catalysis.
In ceramic and glass production, stannous oxalate can be used to introduce tin into glaze formulations or glass mixtures, where it may influence color, opacity, or surface texture due to its decomposition at high temperatures to form tin oxides. 
This makes it a valuable intermediate in developing tin-containing coatings or functional ceramic materials.

Another important application of stannous oxalate lies in its reducing ability, especially in aqueous and mildly acidic environments, where it can act as a mild reductant in inorganic synthesis or chemical analysis. 
This is particularly useful in analytical chemistry procedures where the precise control of redox conditions is required, such as in the reduction of metal ions or in titration protocols.
In research and development, stannous oxalate is sometimes used in the synthesis of complex metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or in the study of coordination chemistry, where it serves as a model compound to investigate the interaction between metal centers and bidentate ligands like oxalates. 

These studies can be important for developing new materials with tailored porosity, conductivity, or catalytic activity.
Though it is not commonly used in large-scale industrial processes, stannous oxalate is occasionally applied in electroplating or surface treatment processes, where its decomposition products can help deposit tin layers or modify surface characteristics, especially in small-scale or experimental setups.

Additionally, in the field of nanomaterials, stannous oxalate can be used as a precursor in the synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles, which are employed in gas sensors, solar cells, and conductive films. 
These tin oxide nanoparticles are prized for their semiconducting properties, chemical stability, and high surface area, which are essential in environmental monitoring and energy applications.
In recent years, researchers have studied stannous oxalate as a potential intermediate for producing tin-containing catalysts, particularly in reactions involving hydrogenation, photocatalysis, or organic transformations, where tin plays a catalytic or co-catalytic role. 

Stannous oxalate use in such applications is still largely experimental, but it shows promise as a tin source in green chemistry and sustainable catalyst development.
In solid-state chemistry, stannous oxalate is occasionally used as a starting material in the synthesis of tin-based solid solutions and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). 
These materials are of significant interest in the development of functional porous solids for applications such as gas storage, selective adsorption, and catalysis.

In photovoltaic and optoelectronic research, stannous oxalate may serve as a precursor compound in solution-based methods—such as sol-gel or hydrothermal synthesis—to deposit tin oxide films, which are utilized as transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in solar cells, LEDs, and flat panel displays. 
This process benefits from the solubility and decomposition characteristics of the oxalate salt, making it easier to process compared to elemental tin.

Stannous oxalate has seen some experimental use in electroplating and surface treatment technologies, particularly where controlled tin deposition is required. 
When used in acidic or complexing baths, it can contribute tin ions in a stable and manageable form, facilitating coating processes that improve corrosion resistance or electrical conductivity on metal surfaces.
 
Safety Profile Of Stannous oxalate:
Stannous oxalate moderately toxic by ingestion when heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Stannous oxalate poses both chemical and health-related hazards, primarily due to the toxicological properties of tin(II) ions and the oxalate group, which can be harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin. 

Although not as extensively studied as some other tin compounds, it is generally classified as a harmful substance, and chronic or repeated exposure may lead to organ toxicity, particularly affecting the kidneys and central nervous system.
When stannous oxalate is inhaled as dust or powder, it can cause respiratory tract irritation, which may manifest as coughing, shortness of breath, and sore throat. 

Prolonged inhalation of tin compounds has been associated with stannos is, a non-fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis, which is a lung condition caused by the accumulation of tin particles.
If ingested, the oxalate component may interfere with calcium metabolism in the body, potentially leading to hypocalcemia, kidney damage, or even renal failure, especially in large quantities.
Oxalates can form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals, which may accumulate in tissues or kidneys, posing a serious risk to human health.

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