STEARIC/PALMITIC ACID (C18/C16)

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a hard, white or faintly yellow-colored, somewhat glossy, crystalline solid or a white or yellowish white powder. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is an 18-16 carbon SFA denoted as n-octadecanoic acid with a chemical formula of C34H68O4.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) MB is fatty acid, mainly chain length C16 (Stearic acid) and C18 (acid Palmitic) used in personal care applications.

CAS Number: 67701-03-5
Molecular Formula: C34H68O4
Molecular Weight: 540.90132
EINECS Number: 266-928-5

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a characteristic odor and taste resembling tallow. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from fats consisting chiefly of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) (C18H36O2) and palmitic acid (C16H32O2).
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a slight odor (with an odor threshold of 20 ppm) and taste suggesting tallow.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) (STAIR-ik or STEER-ik) is the saturated fatty acid with an 18 carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a waxy solid, and its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)16CO2H. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) name comes from the Greek word στ?αρ "stéar", which means tallow. 

The salts and esters of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are called stearates. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid.
Solid white, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) brings to cosmetics a strong consistency. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) brings a soft and unctuous feeling to emulsions. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also used for butters, soaps, and candles.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) refers to a combination of two types of fatty acids: Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) and palmitic acid (C16). 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, while palmitic acid is also a saturated fatty acid but has 16 carbon atoms. 
These fatty acids are commonly found in various sources, including animal fats, vegetable oils, and dairy products.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) and palmitic acid are widely used in the food industry as additives and ingredients in processed foods. 

They contribute to the texture, flavor, and stability of many food products, including baked goods, confectionery, and margarine. 
These fatty acids are also used in the production of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, candles, and soaps due to their emulsifying and moisturizing properties.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is one of several major long-chain fatty acids comprising oils and fats. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is presented in animal fats, oil and some kinds of vegetable oils as wellin the form of glycerides. 
These oils, after hydrolysis, produce the Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16).
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a fatty acid widely existing in nature and has the general chemical properties of carboxylic acids. 

Almost all kinds of fat and oil contain certain amount of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) with the content in the animal fats being relative high. 
For example, the content in the butter can reach up to 24% while the content in vegetable oil is relative low with the value in tea oil being 0.8% and the oil in palm being 6%. 
However, the content in cocoa can reach as high as 34%.

There are two major approaches for industrial production of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), namely fractionation and compression method. 
Add decomposition agent to the Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), and then hydrolyze to give the crude fatty acid, further go through washing with water, distillation, bleaching to obtain the finished products with glycerol as the byproduct.
Most domestic manufacturers use animal fat for production. 

Some kinds of production technology will result in the incompletion of the distillation of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) which produce stimulating odor at the time of the plastic processing and high temperatures. 
Although these odor is of no toxic but they will have certain effect on the working conditions and the natural environment. 
Most imported form of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) takes vegetable oil as the raw materials, the production processes are more advanced; the produced Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is of stable performance, good lubrication property and less odor in the application.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is mainly used for the production of stearates such as sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, lead stearate, aluminum stearate, cadmium stearate, iron stearate, and potassium stearate. 
The sodium or potassium salt of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is the component of soap. 
Although Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a less decontamination ability than sodium palmitate, but its presence may increase the hardness of soap.

Take butter as raw material, go through sulfuric acid or pressurized method for decomposition. 
The free fatty acids was first subject to water pressure method for removing the palmitic acid and oleic acid at 30~40 ℃, and then dissolved in ethanol, followed by addition of barium acetate or magnesium acetate which precipitates stearate. 
Then further add dilute sulfuric acid to get the free stearate acid, filter and take it, and re-crystallize in ethanol to obtain the pure Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16).

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. 
As a consequence, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a major body component of animals. 
In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21–30% (molar) of human depot fat, and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk.

Palmitate negatively feeds back on acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which is responsible for converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, which in turn is used to add to the growing acyl chain, thus preventing further palmitate generation.
Some proteins are modified by the addition of a Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) group in a process known as palmitoylation. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is important for localisation of many membrane proteins.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), is a white or colorless, waxlike solid with a melting point of 70°C (158 OF), and a boiling point of 232°C (450 OF) at 2 kPa. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform,and is insolublein water. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), nature's most common fatty acid, is derived from natural animal and vegetable fats. 

Also known as n-octadecanoic acid, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the preparation of metallic stearates, as a lubricant, and in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, candles, and food packaging.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. 
As well as in the diet, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats. 

Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats.
Palmitates are the salts and esters of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16). 
The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4). 

Major sources of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):0 are palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, and milk fat.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)s are organic, naturally occurring acids produced by distillation and fractionating of oils and fats.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)'s fatty acids are mainly obtained from vegetable oils, hence from renewable raw materials. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)s have different chemical structures. 
They consist of a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a hydrocarbon chain of varying length, but almost exclusively unbranched. 
The name fatty acid is due, among other things, to the chemical properties of the substance group, which reacts acidically due to its carboxyl group.

Melting point: 67-72 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 361 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.845 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 173.7 °C)
refractive index: 1.4299
FEMA: 3035 | Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and in light petroleum (bp: 50-70 °C).
form: powder
pka: pKa 5.75±0.00(H2O t = 35) (Uncertain)
Specific Gravity: 0.84 (80℃)
color: White
Odor: odorless mild fatty
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: 0.1-1 g/100 mL at 23 ºC
LogP: 8.22

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is incompatible with most metal hydroxides and may be incompatible with bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.
Ointment bases made with Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) may show evidence of drying out or lumpiness due to such a reaction when compounded with zinc or calcium salts.
A number of differential scanning calorimetry studies have investigated the compatibility of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) with drugs. 

Although such laboratory studies have suggested incompatibilities, e.g. with naproxen, they may not necessarily be applicable to formulated products.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has been reported to cause pitting in the film coating of tablets applied using an aqueous film-coating technique; the pitting was found to be a function of the melting point of the Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16).
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also a saturated fatty acid, but it has 16 carbon atoms (C16:0) and the chemical formula CH3(CH2)14COOH.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) occurs naturally in various fats and oils, including palm oil, animal fats, and dairy products.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a solid at room temperature and is insoluble in water.
In the food industry, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and texture enhancer. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be found in processed foods, such as baked goods, chocolate, and confectionery.
Both stearic and Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)s are often present in foods in combination with other fatty acids, and their effects on health can vary depending on the overall composition of the diet.
Like other saturated fats, excessive consumption of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is recommended to moderate intake of saturated fats and focus on incorporating healthier unsaturated fats into the diet.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid (16:0) and the most common fatty acid in the human body. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be obtained via diet or synthesized from carbohydrates, other fatty acids, and amino acids. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a major component of palm oil, but can also be found in meat, dairy, cocoa butter, coconut oil, and olive oil.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are also found in many products ranging from skincare products, margarine, cereals, and baked goods.
Dietary intake of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is counterbalanced by de novo lipogenesis depending on the physiologic needs of a specific tissue, or nutritional factors. 

Regardless of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) intake, the body makes it as needed.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is converted to palmitoleic acid via delta-9-desaturase or elongation to Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16). 
Homeostasis of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) levels is tightly controlled. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be oxidized for energy production. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also used structurally in cell membranes and cell adhesion molecules, as well as being a component of lung surfactant.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) was discovered by Edmond Frémy in 1840, in saponified palm oil.

This remains the primary industrial route for its production, with the triglycerides (fats) in palm oil being hydrolysed by high-temperature water, and the resulting mixture fractionally distilled.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is produced by a wide range of other plants and organisms, typically at low levels. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is present in butter, cheese, milk, and meat, as well as cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, and sunflower oil.

The cetyl ester of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), cetyl palmitate, occurs in spermaceti.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms (C18:0) and has the chemical formula CH3(CH2)16COOH.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be found naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils, such as beef, pork, cocoa butter, and shea butter.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a waxy solid form at room temperature and is insoluble in water.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is commonly used in the production of soaps, candles, cosmetics, plastics, and lubricants due to its emulsifying, thickening, and moisturizing properties.
In food applications, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used as a food additive, emulsifier, and texturizer. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be found in processed foods such as confectionery, baked goods, and margarine.
Despite being a saturated fat, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is considered to have a neutral or potentially beneficial effect on blood cholesterol levels compared to other saturated fatty acids. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a minimal impact on raising LDL ("bad") cholesterol levels1.

Production Methods Of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is manufactured by hydrolysis of fat by continuous exposure to a countercurrent stream of high-temperature water and fat in a high-pressure chamber. 
The resultant mixture is purified by vacuum steam distillation and the distillates are then separated using selective solvents.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) may also be manufactured by the hydrogenation of cottonseed and other vegetable oils; by the hydrogenation and subsequent saponification of olein followed by recrystallization from alcohol; and from edible fats and oils by boiling with sodium hydroxide, separating any glycerin, and decomposing the resulting soap with sulfuric or hydrochloric acid. The Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is then subsequently separated from any oleic acid by cold expression.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is derived from edible fat sources unless it is intended for external use, in which case nonedible fat sources may be used. 
The USP32–NF27 states that Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) labeled solely for external use is exempt from the requirement that it be prepared from edible sources. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) may contain a suitable antioxidant such as 0.005% w/w butylated hydroxytoluene.

Uses Of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be used as natural rubber, synthetic rubber (except butyl rubber) and latex curing active agent. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can also be used as raw material of plastic plasticizer and stabilizer. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be used for the preparation of ointments, suppositories, etc., as well as being used in the manufacture of cosmetics, candles, waterproof agent and polishing agent. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be used as a lubricant, defoamers and food additives in the food industry as well as the raw materials of glycerol stearate, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) sorbitol anhydride esters and sucrose esters.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can also be used as standard reference product for gas analysis as well as the preparation of soap, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other organic chemicals.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is an ultra-versatile material found in many industrial uses. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is very useful as a thickener or to give consistency to cosmetic preparations. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) helps stabilize emulsions or act as a hardener for balms and soaps. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also used as a wax of 100% natural origin, especially for the production of candles, a bio-sourced alternative to paraffin (which is of petroleum origin). 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is white color is also very popular. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is widely used in cosmetics, plastics plasticizers, mold release agents, stabilizers, surfactants, rubber vulcanization accelerator, waterproof agent, polishing agent, metal soap, metal mineral flotation agents, softeners and pharmaceuticals as well as other organic chemicals. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can also be used as the solvents of oil-soluble paint, crayons lubrication agent, stencil lighting agent and the emulsifier of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) glyceride.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can also be widely used in the manufacturing of PVC pipe, sheet material, profiles and film and is the PVC heat stabilizers with good lubricity and excellent stability against light and heat. 
In the application of polyvinyl chloride pipe, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) helps prevent the "coke" during the processing and is effective heat stabilizer during PVC film processing while also preventing the discoloration of the finished film discoloration caused by exposure.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has become the additive for lubrication, plasticization and stabilization of the filled masterbatch. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can effectively improve the coating activating effect of inorganic powder and increase the flow rate of materials. 
When there is demand for a large flow rate of the melt for material with inorganic powder accounting for the most part, an appropriate increase in the content of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can significantly increase the melt flow rate of material. 
However, the amount of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) used in filled masterbatch also have threshold with its amount being controlled in about 1% of the total mass. 

If the added amount is over-excessive, it will not only cause the decrease of the quality and the performance of plastic products but also generate sticky substance in the die lip location of the manufacturing equipment of the plastic products, affecting the production efficiency and product quality.
The mono-or multi-alcohol ester of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) can be used as cosmetics, nonionic surfactants and plasticizers. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is alkali metal salt can be dissolved in water and is a major component of soap. 

Other kinds of salts can be used as waterproofing agents, lubricants, bactericides, coating additives and PVC stabilizers.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mold release agents. 
These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. 

To this end, palm oil, rendered from palm tree (species Elaeis guineensis), is treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is mainly used in oral formulations as a tablet and capsule lubricant, although it may also be used as a binder or in combination with shellac as a tablet coating. 

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has also been suggested that Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) may be used in enteric tablet coatings and as a sustained-release drug carrier.
In topical formulations, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used as an emulsifying and solubilizing agent. 

When partially neutralized with alkalis or triethanolamine, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the preparation of creams. 
The partially neutralized Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) forms a creamy base when mixed with 5–15 times its own weight of aqueous liquid, the appearance and plasticity of the cream being determined by the proportion of alkali used.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used as the hardening agent in glycerin suppositories.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also widely used in cosmetics and food products.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the textile industry for fabric softening and as a lubricant in the production of synthetic fibers.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) and palmitic acid are utilized as emulsifying agents and surfactants in various industrial processes, including the production of emulsions and creams.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is sometimes used in the pharmaceutical industry in the formulation of certain drugs and as a component of drug delivery systems.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is employed as a lubricant and release agent in metalworking processes, such as in the production of metal powders and metal parts.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the production of fireworks to create a white color flame when burned. The metal salts of these acids are often used as colorants in fireworks.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the formulation of adhesives to improve their stability and performance.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in the paper industry as a sizing agent, which helps control the water resistance and ink absorbency of paper.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is commonly used as a processing aid in the rubber and tire industry to improve the manufacturing process and enhance the properties of rubber compounds.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used as an anti-caking agent in some powdered food products to prevent clumping and improve flowability.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has been investigated for potential biomedical applications, including its use in the development of drug delivery systems and biomaterials.

Safety Of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is widely used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations; it is also used in cosmetics and food products. 
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. 
However, consumption of excessive amounts may be harmful.

Storage Of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a stable material; an antioxidant may also be added to it. 
The bulk material should be stored in a wellclosed container in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms Of Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16):
METHYL ELAIDATE
1937-62-8
Elaidic acid methyl ester
methyl octadec-9-enoate
2462-84-2
Methyl trans-9-octadecenoate
(E)-Methyl octadec-9-enoate
9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester
9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (9E)-
Methyl 9-octadecenoate
methyl (E)-octadec-9-enoate
Elaidic acid, methyl ester
trans-9-Octadecenoic Acid Methyl Ester
9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)-
Methyl 9(E)-Octadecenoate
Oleic Acid-1-13C, Methyl Ester
625736WPN1
Fatty acids, C16-18 and C18-unsatd., Me esters
methyl-9-octadecenoate
Elaidic acid-methyl ester
Methyl (9E)-9-octadecenoate
EINECS 217-712-4
MFCD00066521
methyloctadec-9-enoate
AI3-36449
18:1n-9 methyl ester
ELAIDICACIDMETHYLESTER
SCHEMBL37372
SCHEMBL627648
methyl (9E)-octadec-9-enoate
DTXSID9062435
UNII-625736WPN1
DTXSID40883778
CHEBI:177481
QYDYPVFESGNLHU-ZHACJKMWSA-N
trans-9-Octadecenoic methyl ester
BAA93762
CAA46284
HY-N7861
Methyl elaidate, analytical standard
TRANS-OLEIC ACID METHYL ESTER
AKOS002676449
(E)-octadec-9-enoic acid methyl ester
Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9-(E)-
LS-14746
Methyl elaidate, >=99% (capillary GC)
9(E)-OCTADECENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER
CS-0138595
CS-0368444
O0226
EN300-83039
D91837
EN300-7420463
A880241
J-012547
Q27891777
1BC8F548-0D8F-42D0-8028-21FFDDF0626E
trans-9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, certified reference material, 10 mg/mL in heptane, ampule of 1 mL