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Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula C18H38O or CH3(CH2)17OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
CAS: 112-92-5
MF: C18H38O
MW: 270.49
EINECS: 204-017-6
Synonyms
Octadecanol, 1-;Octadecyl alcohol, Stearyl alcohol;1-Octadecanol,Octadecyl alcohol, Stearyl alcohol;Stearyl alcohol, synthesis grade;Stearyl alcohol, extra pure, Ph Eur, USP;Stearyl Alcohol (125 mg);n-OCTADECYL ALCOHOL, TECH;Ecorol 18/98: Stearyl Alcohol Pastilles
Stearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl alcohol, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.
Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or certain fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol has low toxicity.
Octadecan-1-ol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Mixed monolayers of 1-octadecanol and ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether were studied to investigate their evaporation suppressing performance.
The rate dependence of the collapse pressure for an octadecanolmonolayer using axisymmetric drop shape analysis has been investigated.
Stearyl Alcohol is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol.
Melting point 56-60°C (133-140F).
HLB 15.5 (give oil-in-water emulsions but only to a limited degree).
Acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent. Has good thickening and stabilizing properties for all kinds of emulsions.
Can be used as opacifier.
Stearyl alcohol, waxy solid alcohol formerly obtained from whale or dolphin oil and used as a lubricant and antifoam agent and to retard evaporation of water from reservoirs.
Stearyl alcohol is now manufactured by chemical reduction of stearic acid.
Stearyl Alcohol is a naturally occurring fatty alcohol that is a good emollient for the skin and the perfect thickening agent for formulations.
Stearyl alcohol helps stabilize emulsions and adds opacity to impart beauty products with a more luxurious and creamy appearance.
Stearyl alcohol is also an excellent foaming agent that allows for a better cleansing experience.
Stearyl Alcohol appears as a white, waxy solid in its raw form and has a mild, fatty odor.
Stearyl alcohol can most commonly be found in conditioners, creams, lotions, lipsticks, and also deodorants.
Additionally, Stearyl alcohol is safe and has a low comedogenic rating. The chemical formula of Stearyl Alcohol is C18H38O.
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is a kind of fatty alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol is obtained from stearic acid by the process of hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol is a kind of fatty acid, which is obtained from animal fats and vegetable oils.
Stearyl alcohol occurs in the form of white flakes or granules and is insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol is used as a resin, lubricant, in perfumes, and in cosmetic products.
Stearyl alcohol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-59 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 210 °C15 mm Hg
density: 0.812 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
bulk density: 300kg/m3
vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 38 °C)
refractive index: 1.4356 (estimate)
Fp: 185°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility methanol: soluble10mg/mL, clear, colorless
form: Flakes
pka: 15.20±0.10(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.812
color: White
Odor: wh. unctuous flakes or gran., faint odor, bland taste
explosive limit: ~8%
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,8805
BRN: 1362907
Henry's Law Constant: 1.2×10-2 mol/(m3Pa) at 25℃, Duchowicz et al. (2020)
Dielectric constant: 3.4（58℃）
Cosmetics Ingredients Functions: SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
FRAGRANCE
OPACIFYING
REFATTING
EMULSION STABILISING
SKIN CONDITIONING - EMOLLIENT
VISCOSITY CONTROLLING
SURFACTANT - FOAM BOOSTING
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): 1-Octadecanol (112-92-5)
InChI 1S/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H3
InChIKey: GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.4
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-92-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Stearyl alcohol(112-92-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Stearyl alcohol (112-92-5)
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol occurs as hard, white, waxy pieces, flakes, or granules, which have a slight characteristic odor and a bland taste.
Stearyl alcohol is soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether, but insoluble in water. Furthermore, it is combustible.
Uses
Stearyl alcohol is used as a surfactant in cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol effectively moisturizes hands and face with pheohydrane, which is a complex derived from the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and hydrolyzed algin found in sea water.
Stearyl alcohol is a saturated alcohol of high purity and can substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes, as antifoam agent, lubricant, viscosity agent, builder, and chemical raw material.
Stearyl alcohol is a long chain primary alcohol that is used in the production of emulsions, textile oils, antifoam agents, and lubricants.
Other large scale applications include the manufacture of alkyl amines, tertiary amines, ethoxylates, halides/mercaptans, and polymerization stabilizers.
Stearyl alcohol generally occurs as a mixture of solid alcohols whose primary constituent is 1-octadecanol.
Stearyl alcohol occurs naturally in sperm whale oil and has been isolated from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus.
Stearyl alcohol has been used to model the plant epicuticular wax layer for an investigation by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The use of Stearyl alcohol to prepare microsphere formulations for such compounds as paclitaxel and indomethacin has been described.
Emollient: Stearyl alcohol fills up the gaps between the dead cells in the skin, making the skin appear soft and smoother.
Stearyl alcohol forms a thin film on the surface of the skin, forming a barrier that protects the skin from allergens, bacteria, and irritants that pass into deeper layers of the skin.
Stearyl alcohol also retains moisture in the skin, making it appear more soft, smooth, and healthy.
Emulsifier: Stearyl alcohol gives stability to the product.
In products with oil and water-based components, it prevents separation of the components and enables even distribution of the product components when used.
Thickener and Gelling Agent: Stearyl alcohol is used in products with water or organic solvents to give desired thickness, flow, and consistency to the product.
Moisturizer for Hair: Stearyl alcohol retains moisture in hair, keeping it soft and silky, and prevents it from drying.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Stearyl alcohol is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical creams and ointments as a stiffening agent.
By increasing the viscosity of an emulsion, stearyl alcohol increases its stability.
Stearyl alcohol also has some emollient and weak emulsifying properties, and is used to increase the water-holding capacity of ointments, e.g. petrolatum.
In addition, Stearyl alcohol has been used in controlled-release tablets, suppositories, and microspheres.
Stearyl alcohol has also been investigated for use as a transdermal penetration enhancer.
Preparation
Stearyl alcohol is prepared commercially via Ziegler aluminum alkyl hydrolysis or the catalytic, high-pressure hydrogenation of stearyl acid, followed by filtration and distillation.
Stearyl alcohol may also be derived from natural fats and oils.
Production Methods
Historically, stearyl alcohol was prepared from sperm whale oil but is now largely prepared synthetically by reduction of ethyl stearate with lithium aluminum hydride.
Synthesis
Stearyl alcohol is synthesized from Stearic acid, which may be obtained by saponification of Tallow, or hydrogenation of Cottonseed oil, from Castor oil or from other natural oils.
